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Du QQ, Shi W, Yu D, Yao KH. Epidemiology of non-vaccine serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae before and after universal administration of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:5628-5637. [PMID: 34726580 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1985353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The universal administration of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) had been demonstrated as an effective way to prevent Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. However, the immunity induced by PCVs protected against the infections caused by vaccine serotypes, which were usually more frequent than non-vaccine serotypes (NVTs). The prevalence and pathogenicity of NVTs after universal vaccination have caused widespread concern. We reviewed the epidemiology of non-PCV13 S. pneumoniae before and after PCV13 introduction, and explored the potential reasons for the spread of NVTs. Emerging and spreading NVTs can be regarded as the focus for future serotype epidemiological survey and vaccine optimization.AbbreviationsIPD: invasive pneumococcal disease PCV: pneumococcal conjugate vaccines VT: vaccine serotypeNVT: non-vaccine serotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Du
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Microbiology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Microbiology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Microbiology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Kai-Hu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Microbiology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
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Nzoyikorera N, Diawara I, Fresia P, Maaloum F, Katfy K, Nayme K, Maaloum M, Cornick J, Chaguza C, Timinouni M, Belabess H, Zerouali K, Elmdaghri N. Whole genomic comparative analysis of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1 isolates causing invasive and non-invasive infections among children under 5 years in Casablanca, Morocco. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:39. [PMID: 33413118 PMCID: PMC7792055 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07316-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1 remains a leading cause of invasive pneumococcal diseases, even in countries with PCV-10/PCV-13 vaccine implementation. The main objective of this study, which is part of the Pneumococcal African Genome project (PAGe), was to determine the phylogenetic relationships of serotype 1 isolates recovered from children patients in Casablanca (Morocco), compared to these from other African countries; and to investigate the contribution of accessory genes and recombination events to the genetic diversity of this serotype. RESULTS The genome average size of the six-pneumococcus serotype 1 from Casablanca was 2,227,119 bp, and the average content of coding sequences was 2113, ranging from 2041 to 2161. Pangenome analysis of the 80 genomes used in this study revealed 1685 core genes and 1805 accessory genes. The phylogenetic tree based on core genes and the hierarchical bayesian clustering analysis revealed five sublineages with a phylogeographic structure by country. The Moroccan strains cluster in two different lineages, the five invasive strains clusters altogether in a divergent clade distantly related to the non-invasive strain, that cluster with all the serotype 1 genomes from Africa. CONCLUSIONS The whole genome sequencing provides increased resolution analysis of the highly virulent serotype 1 in Casablanca, Morocco. Our results are concordant with previous works, showing that the phylogeography of S. pneumoniae serotype 1 is structured by country, and despite the small size (six isolates) of the Moroccan sample, our analysis shows the genetic cohesion of the Moroccan invasive isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néhémie Nzoyikorera
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco.
- Bacteriology-Virology and Hospital Hygiene Laboratory, Ibn Rochd University Hospital Centre, Casablanca, Morocco.
| | - Idrissa Diawara
- Faculty of Sciences and Health Techniques, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS) of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Pablo Fresia
- Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Pasteur + INIA Joint Unit (UMPI), Montevideo, Uruguay
- Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Microbial Genomics Laboratory, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Fakhreddine Maaloum
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
- Bacteriology-Virology and Hospital Hygiene Laboratory, Ibn Rochd University Hospital Centre, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Khalid Katfy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
- Bacteriology-Virology and Hospital Hygiene Laboratory, Ibn Rochd University Hospital Centre, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Kaotar Nayme
- Molecular Bacteriology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mossaab Maaloum
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sik, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
| | - Jennifer Cornick
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Mohammed Timinouni
- Molecular Bacteriology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Houria Belabess
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
- Bacteriology-Virology and Hospital Hygiene Laboratory, Ibn Rochd University Hospital Centre, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Khalid Zerouali
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
- Bacteriology-Virology and Hospital Hygiene Laboratory, Ibn Rochd University Hospital Centre, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Naima Elmdaghri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
- Bacteriology-Virology and Hospital Hygiene Laboratory, Ibn Rochd University Hospital Centre, Casablanca, Morocco
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