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Girma A, Genet A. Prevalence and factors associated with intestinal parasitic infections among preschool-aged children in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Parasite Epidemiol Control 2024; 26:e00368. [PMID: 39076827 PMCID: PMC11284566 DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) pose a serious public health threat across the globe, particularly in children residing in poor and most deprived communities like Ethiopia. Many published articles were available separately, and a detailed nationwide review was essential to combine all the results to draw a conclusion and avoid any informational conflicts, ambiguities, or misunderstandings. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to provide pooled estimates for the individually available data on IPIs and its determinant factors among preschool-aged children (PSAC) in Ethiopia. Published and unpublished articles from various electronic databases were accessed using MeSH terms and keywords. I 2 and sensitivity analysis tests were used to assess potential sources of heterogeneity across studies. Funnel plot, Begg's, and Egger's regression tests were used to check publication bias. A random-effects model with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to calculate the pooled estimate of IPI. In this meta-analysis, a total of 14,994 PSAC were included in the 32 eligible studies. The pooled national prevalence of IPIs among PSAC was 32.52% (95% CI: 26.24, 38.80). Of these, single and mixed infections contribute 31.08% and 1.44%, respectively. According to the subgroup analysis, the highest prevalence was observed in simple random studies (39.61%; 95% CI: 29.19, 50.03), the Tigray region (58.00%; 95% CI: 54.10, 61.90), studies conducted in >384 (39.47%; 95% CI: 27.73, 51.20) sample sizes, cross-sectional studies (32.76%), community-based studies (42.33%; 95% CI: 31.93, 52.74), and from 2005 to 2016 (34.53%; 95% CI: 20.13, 48.92) study periods. Intestinal parasites were significantly associated with eating raw fruits and vegetables (aOR = 3.21; 95%CI: 1.11-5.31). The high prevalence of STHs observed in this systematic review and meta-analysis underscores the need for appropriate control and prevention strategies suitable for PSAC in Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abayeneh Girma
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Science, Mekdela Amba University, P.O. Box 32, Tulu Awuliya, Ethiopia
| | - Amere Genet
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Science, Mekdela Amba University, P.O. Box 32, Tulu Awuliya, Ethiopia
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Zonta ML, Servián A, Virgolini B, Garraza M, Minardi G, Navone GT. Malnutrition and intestinal parasitosis: Current prevalences and risk factors among schoolchildren in Misiones (Argentina). Am J Hum Biol 2024:e24140. [PMID: 39034672 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the current prevalences of nutritional status and intestinal parasites, and their potential association with socio-environmental conditions among schoolchildren in Aristóbulo del Valle, Misiones. METHODS We measured body weight and height in 444 schoolchildren aged 3-14 years and evaluated their nutritional status following WHO criteria. We examined fecal samples and anal swabs from 234 schoolchildren and collected socio-environmental data through questionnaires. RESULTS The prevalence of undernutrition was 4.5% and excess of weight was 24.1%. The prevalence of stunting and of being overweight reached 2.3% and 12.4%, respectively. About 42% of the schoolchildren were infected with at least one of the 12 species identified. The most prevalent species were Blastocystis sp., Enterobius vermicularis, and Giardia lamblia. Entamoeba dispar was recorded for the first time in the locality. The multiple correspondence analysis identified peri-urban, urban, and rural groups. Underweight, stunting and obesity were highest in the peri-urban group, while overweight, wasting and parasitism rates were highest in the rural group. The urban group showed the lowest parasitic prevalences. Bed-sharing, mother's education, and animal husbandry were associated with parasitic infections. CONCLUSIONS The study highlights a decrease in undernutrition but a rise in overweight and obesity, indicating an ongoing nutritional transition. The association between socio-environmental risk factors and parasitic infections underscore the need for comprehensive interventions addressing both nutritional and socio-environmental conditions to improve the population's life quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Lorena Zonta
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE-CONICET-UNLP-asoc. CIC), Buenos Aires, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Andrea Servián
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología (INP) "Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben", Paseo Colón 568 (1063), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Belén Virgolini
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE-CONICET-UNLP-asoc. CIC), Buenos Aires, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Mariela Garraza
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Ontogenia y Adaptación (LINOA)-Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo (FCNyM), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Graciela Minardi
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE-CONICET-UNLP-asoc. CIC), Buenos Aires, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Graciela T Navone
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE-CONICET-UNLP-asoc. CIC), Buenos Aires, La Plata, Argentina
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Getie M, Belay G, Amare A, Abebe W, Deress T. Burden and factors influencing intestinal parasitic infections among food handlers in Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1362086. [PMID: 38919920 PMCID: PMC11198874 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1362086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Intestinal parasitic infections pose significant global health challenges, particularly in developing countries. Asymptomatic infections often present a considerable burden with food handlers serving as potential carriers. In Ethiopia, the prevalence of these parasites varies across regions, and accurate data in the study area is lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of intestinal parasites among food handlers working in hotels and restaurants in Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study collected stool samples from food handlers alongside a structured questionnaire gathering socio-demographic and hygiene practice information. Stool specimens were screened for intestinal parasites using direct wet mount and formol-ether concentration techniques. The collected data were checked for completeness, entered into EpiData software version 3.1, and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was deemed statistically significant if the p-value was less than 0.05. Results A total of 257 food handlers working in hotels and restaurants in Gondar City participated in the study. Of these, 33.5% (86/257) were found positive for one or more intestinal parasites, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 28.0-39.5%. The study identified nine types of intestinal parasites, with E. histolytica/dispar (8.2%, 21/257) and Ascaris lumbricoides (6.6%, 17/257) being the predominant parasites, followed by hookworm (3.5%, 9/257) and S. mansoni (2.3%, 6/257). The prevalence of mixed infections was 9.3% (24/257). A significant association was observed between intestinal parasitic infection and the educational level of food handlers. Conclusion In this study, a high prevalence of intestinal parasites was detected indicating poor hygiene practices of the food handlers at the study site. Even the prevalence of mixed infections was high. Regular training, strict adherence to personal hygiene and food-handling practices, and routine inspections and medical checkups for food handlers are crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Getie
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amhara National Regional State Public Health Institute, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Gizeaddis Belay
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amhara National Regional State Public Health Institute, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Azanaw Amare
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Wondwossen Abebe
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Teshiwal Deress
- Department of Quality Assurance and Laboratory Management, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Girma A, Genet A. Magnitude and Determinants of Intestinal Parasites among Children under Five in Ethiopia During 2010-2023: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2024; 43:47-65. [PMID: 38006393 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2023.2284920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Background: Intestinal parasitic infection (IPI) poses a serious public health threat across the globe, particularly in children in low- and middle-income countries like Ethiopia. This study was to provide pooled estimates for the individually available data on IPI and its predictors among children under five in Ethiopia. Methods: Cochrane's Q, I2, sensitivity analysis, funnel plot, Begg's, and Egger's regression tests were used to check heterogeneity and publication bias. A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled burden of IPI among children under five. Results: The pooled prevalence of IPI among children under five was 28.27% (95% CI = 20.52-36.03%). Of these, single and mixed infections contribute to 28.02% and 0.25%. Intestinal parasites were significantly associated with eating raw fruits and vegetables [AO = 3.21, 95% CI = 1.11, 5.31]. Conclusion: Under the present scenario, the IPI ranges from 17.78 to 40.05%, and the IPI is higher in community-based studies of children under five.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abayeneh Girma
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Science, Mekdela Amba University, Tuluawlia, Ethiopia
| | - Amere Genet
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Science, Mekdela Amba University, Tuluawlia, Ethiopia
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Moshi CC, Sebastian PJ, Azizi KA, Killel E, Mushumbusi DG, Meghji WP, Kitunda ME, Millinga FK, Adam H, Kasankala LM. Effect of Deworming on Health Outcomes among Children Aged 12-59 Months in Tanzania: A Multilevel Mixed Effects Analysis. J Nutr Metab 2023; 2023:9529600. [PMID: 37520400 PMCID: PMC10382239 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9529600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mass deworming of preschool children is a strategy suggested to prevent soil-transmitted helminth infections in most developing countries. Nonetheless, there is a scarcity of data showing the contribution of mass deworming to a child's nutritional status. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of deworming on nutritional health outcomes (stunting, underweight, and anemia) in children aged 12 to 59 months. Methods A secondary analysis of data extracted from the Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS) 2015-16 data was carried out. A total of 7,962 children were included in this study. A multilevel logistic regression was used at a 5% level of significance to determine the individual- and community-level determinants of deworming on health outcomes among children. Results The prevalence of underweight (62.6%), stunting (61.0%), and anemia (61.8%) was higher in children who were not dewormed than those who were dewormed. Female children were more likely to suffer from poor health outcomes (OR = 1.01 and 95% CI = 0.95-1.07) than male children. Children aged 24-35 months and 36-47 months were significantly less likely to suffer from poor health outcomes (OR = 0.89; 95% CI = 0.82-0.97 and OR = 0.88; 96% CI = 0.81-0.96, respectively; p < 0.01). Children from households with unimproved toilets (OR = 1.38 and 95% CI = 1.25-1.52), unimproved water sources (OR = 1.08 and 95% CI = 1.01-1.16), and living in rural areas (OR = 1.02 and 95% CI = 0.91-1.14) had higher odds for poor health outcomes. Conclusion Deworming may be an effective technique for preventing poor health outcomes in children and the risks associated with them, such as poor growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kaunara Ally Azizi
- Tanzania Food and Nutrition Center, P.O. Box 977, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Erick Killel
- Tanzania Food and Nutrition Center, P.O. Box 977, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | | | | | | | - Hancy Adam
- Tanzania Food and Nutrition Center, P.O. Box 977, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Duguma T, Worku T, Sahile S, Asmelash D. Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Intestinal Parasites among Children under Five Years of Age Attended at Bachuma Primary Hospital, West Omo Zone, Southwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Trop Med 2023; 2023:2268554. [PMID: 37187704 PMCID: PMC10181902 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2268554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In regions of the world with low resources, such as Ethiopia, intestinal parasite diseases are still highly prevalent, especially in children. Poor personal and environmental hygiene, as well as unsafe and low-quality drinking water, are the main causes of this. This investigation aimed to determine the frequency of intestinal parasites and risk factors among children under 5 years age at Bachuma Primary Hospital in 2022. Materials and Methods : A cross-sectional study was carried out from October 2022 to December 2022 at Bachuma Primary Hospital, West Omo Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. Stool sample was collected from randomly selected children who were ordered to have their stool examined at the hospital laboratory and wet mount was prepared using normal saline to detect the different stage of intestinal parasites microscopically. Moreover, data related to the sociodemographic and associated risk factors was collected using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were computed to describe the characteristics of the study participants and determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites. Data were entered into Epi-data manager and analysed using statistical packages for social sciences (SPSS) version 25.0, respectively. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed, with variables with a p value of <0.05 considered statistically significant. Result : Infection with at least one intestinal parasite among children was 29.4% (95% CI: 24.5-34.7). Ascaris lumbricoide and Giardia lamblia were responsible for 8% (26/323) and 4% (13/323) of the prevalence of helminth and protozoans, respectively. A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that children whose residence was rural had an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 5.048 (p=0.001), those who did not wash their hands before meals had an AOR of 7.749 (p=0.001), a child with not trimmed fingernails had an AOR of 2.752 (p=0.010), a child who frequently experienced stomach pain and whose source of water was pond had an AOR of 2.415 (p=0.028) and 3.796 (p=0.040), respectively. Conclusion In this study, the prevalence of intestinal parasites recorded was low. Rural residency, absence of child hand washing practice before meal, and not trimming fingernail were among factors significantly associated with intestinal parasite infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadesse Duguma
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science and Medicine, Mizan-Tepi University, P.O. Box 260, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia
| | - Teshale Worku
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science and Medicine, Mizan-Tepi University, P.O. Box 260, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia
| | - Samuel Sahile
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science and Medicine, Mizan-Tepi University, P.O. Box 260, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Asmelash
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science and Medicine, Mizan-Tepi University, P.O. Box 260, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia
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Nath TC, Eom KS, Choe S, Mukutmoni M, Khanum H, Bhuiyan JU, Islam KM, Islam S, Zohra F, Park H, Lee D. An update of intestinal helminth infections among urban slum communities in Bangladesh. IJID REGIONS 2022; 5:1-7. [PMID: 36105668 PMCID: PMC9465421 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic infections remain prevalent in urban slum communities in Bangladesh. School-aged children had a higher infection rate compared with adults. Ascaris lumbricoides was predominant in children, and hookworms were predominant in adults. Rhabditis sp. was observed for the first time in humans in Bangladesh. A significant association was found between free-roaming animals and human parasitic infections.
Aim Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilak Chandra Nath
- Department of Parasitology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
- International Parasite Resource Bank, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Keeseon S. Eom
- International Parasite Resource Bank, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
- Department of Parasitology and Parasite Research Centre, School of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Seongjun Choe
- Department of Parasitology and Parasite Research Centre, School of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | | | - Hamida Khanum
- Department of Zoology, Dhaka University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jamal Uddin Bhuiyan
- Department of Parasitology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | | | - Saiful Islam
- Department of Parasitology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Fatematuz Zohra
- Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Bangladesh
| | - Hansol Park
- International Parasite Resource Bank, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
- Corresponding authors at: International Parasite Resource Bank (iPRB), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea.
| | - Dongmin Lee
- International Parasite Resource Bank, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
- Department of Parasitology and Parasite Research Centre, School of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
- Corresponding authors at: International Parasite Resource Bank (iPRB), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea.
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Gizaw Z, Gebrehiwot M, Destaw B, Nigusie A. Access to basic drinking water services, safe water storage, and household water treatment practice in rural communities of northwest Ethiopia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20623. [PMID: 36450840 PMCID: PMC9712639 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25001-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protecting water from cross contamination at source and point of use is an important strategy to improve water quality. However, water safety measures at the source and point of use may not be implemented in the rural communities. This community-based cross-sectional study was, therefore, conducted among 1190 randomly selected households in a rural setting of northwest Ethiopia to assess access to basic drinking water services, safe water storage, and household water treatment practices. Water service level was determined using JMP criteria and practices that prevent cross contamination of water at point of use were used to determine safe water storage. Results showed that 23.0% of the households had access to basic water services; 37.0% practiced safe water storage; and 15.4% practiced one or more household water treatment methods. Public taps (54.5%) and protected spring (25.1%) were the common water sources to rural communities in northwest Ethiopia. Boiling (43.2%), chlorination or water guard (26.8%), and plain sedimentation (23.0%) were among the household water treatment methods commonly practiced in the area. In conclusion, rural households in the studied region has low access to basic water services. Safe water storage practice was also low in the area and household water treatment is not commonly practiced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zemichael Gizaw
- grid.59547.3a0000 0000 8539 4635Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mulat Gebrehiwot
- grid.59547.3a0000 0000 8539 4635Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Bikes Destaw
- grid.59547.3a0000 0000 8539 4635Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Adane Nigusie
- grid.59547.3a0000 0000 8539 4635Department of Health Education and Behavioral Sciences, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Abera W, Gintamo B, Shitemaw T, Mekuria ZN, Gizaw Z. Prevalence of intestinal parasites and associated factors among food handlers in food establishments in the Lideta subcity of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: an institution-based, cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e061688. [PMID: 35858725 PMCID: PMC9305799 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of intestinal parasites and the associated factors among food handlers in the Lideta subcity of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. DESIGN An institution-based, cross-sectional study design was used. Stool samples were collected from food handlers and examined using direct wet mount and formalin-ether concentration techniques. Personal and establishment-related information was collected using a pretested questionnaire, with a structured observation. Multivariable binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with the prevalence of intestinal parasites on the basis of adjusted OR (AOR) and 95% CI and p values <0.05. SETTING Food establishments in the Lideta subcity of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. PARTICIPANTS 411 food handlers participated in the study. OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was the prevalence of intestinal parasites, defined as the presence of one or more intestinal parasitic species in stool samples. RESULTS One or more intestinal parasites were detected in 171 (41.6%; 95% CI 36.6% to 46.4%) stool samples. The most common intestinal parasites were Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (12.7%), Giardia duodenalis (11.2%) and Ascaris lumbricoides (8.3%). The presence of intestinal parasites among food handlers was associated with low monthly income (AOR: 2.83, 95% CI 1.50 to 8.84), untrimmed fingernails (AOR: 4.36, 95% CI 1.98 to 11.90), no food safety training (AOR: 2.51, 95% CI 1.20 to 5.58), low level of education (AOR: 3.13, 95% CI 1.34 to 7.44), poor handwashing practice (AOR: 2.16, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.22) and lack of medical check-up (AOR: 2.31, 95% CI 1.18 to 6.95). CONCLUSION The prevalence of intestinal parasites among food handlers in food establishments in the Lideta subcity of Addis Ababa was high. The presence of intestinal parasites was linked to socioeconomic conditions, poor hand hygiene conditions and absence of food safety training. It is crucially important to promote handwashing practices and provide food hygiene and safety training in these settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woinishet Abera
- Department of Public Health, Yanet Health College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Binyam Gintamo
- Department of Public Health, Yanet Health College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Public Health, Addis Ababa Medical and Business College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tewoderos Shitemaw
- Department of Public Health, Yanet Health College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Anesthesia Department, Menelik II Health and Medical Science College, Kotebe Metropolitan University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Zelalem Negash Mekuria
- Department of Public Health, Yanet Health College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Public Health, Addis Ababa Medical and Business College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Zemichael Gizaw
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Endoparasites among Under-Five Children in Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Debre Tabor, Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Parasitol Res 2022; 2022:6917355. [PMID: 35535044 PMCID: PMC9078827 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6917355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many endoparasites are still considered neglected tropical illnesses. The term “endoparasites” refers to infections caused by both helminths and protozoa. In many places in Ethiopia, particularly Debre Tabor, epidemiological data on the prevalence and associated variables of endoparasites among under-five children is unavailable. Thus, the aim of this study was to gather baseline data on the prevalence of endoparasites and their associated variables among under-five children who visited the Debre Tabor comprehensive specialized hospital in Northwest Ethiopia. A hospital-based quantitative cross-sectional study was used. The study was carried out from May 1 to November 30, 2021. Study participants were selected by a systematic sampling technique. The stool specimen was examined for the presence of different stages of intestinal parasites (adult, trophozoite, larvae, cysts, and ova) using direct wet mount, modified formal-ether sedimentation, and modified Ziehl–Neelsen methods. The IBM SPSS statistical package (version 23) was used to enter and analyze the collected data. The data was summarized using frequency tables and a bar chart. The adjusted odds ratio and
value <0.05 were used to declare the final association. In the present study, a total of 258 under-five children and their mothers/guardians were involved in the study, with a response rate of 100%. More than half of the respondents, 137 (53.10%), were females, and 159 (61.63%) were in the age group of 24 to 59 months. The overall prevalence of one or more endoparasites among under-five children was 45 (17.44%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that health supervision, child food freshness, regular trimming of fingernails, and children’s playground cleanliness were significantly associated with childhood endoparasites. The present study demonstrated a higher prevalence of endoparasites among under-five children. Health supervision, child food freshness, regular trimming of fingernails, and children’s playground cleanliness were significantly associated with endoparasites. Thus, strengthening health education about food, personal, and environmental hygiene for both children and their mothers/guardians is crucial.
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Zerdo Z, Bastiaens H, Anthierens S, Massebo F, Masne M, Biresaw G, Shewangizaw M, Tunje A, Chisha Y, Yohannes T, Van Geertruyden JP. Prevalence, intensity and endemicity of intestinal schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis and its associated factors among school-aged children in Southern Ethiopia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4586. [PMID: 35302056 PMCID: PMC8931111 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08333-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Preventive chemotherapy (PC), the main strategy recommended by the World Health Organization to eliminate soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) and schistosomiasis (SCH), should be strengthened through identification of the remaining SCH transmission foci and evaluating its impact to get a lesson. This study was aimed to assess the prevalence of STH/SCH infections, the intensity of infections, and factors associated with STH infection among school-aged children (SAC) in Uba Debretsehay and Dara Mallo districts (previously not known to be endemic for SCH) in southern Ethiopia, October to December 2019. Structured interview questionnaire was used to collect household data, anthropometric measurements were taken and stool samples collected from 2079 children were diagnosed using the Kato-Katz technique. Generalize mixed-effects logistic regression models were used to assess the association of STH infections with potential predictors. A P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni in the Dara Mallo district was 34.3% (95%CI 30.9–37.9%). Light, moderate, and heavy S. mansoni infections were 15.2%, 10.9%, and 8.2% respectively. The overall prevalence of any STH infection was 33.2% with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 31.1–35.3%. The intensity of infections was light (20.9%, 11.3% & 5.3%), moderate (1.1%, 0.1% & 0.4%) and heavy (0.3%, 0% & 0%) for hookworm, whipworm and roundworms respectively. The overall moderate-to-heavy intensity of infection among the total diagnosed children was 2% (41/2079). STH infection was higher among male SAC with Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) of 1.7 (95%CI 1.4–2.1); occupation of the household head other than farmer or housewife (AOR = 0.5; 95%CI 0.3–0.8), middle [AOR = 1.1; 95%CI 1.0–1.3] or high [AOR = 0.7; 95%CI 0.5–0.9] socioeconomic status. Dara Mallo district was moderate endemic for S. mansoni; and it needs sub-district level mapping and initiating a deworming campaign. Both districts remained moderate endemic for STH. Evidence-based strategies supplementing existing interventions with the main focus of the identified factors is important to realize the set targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerihun Zerdo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia. .,Global Health Institute, Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Hilde Bastiaens
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sibyl Anthierens
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Fekadu Massebo
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Matewos Masne
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Gelila Biresaw
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Misgun Shewangizaw
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Abayneh Tunje
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Yilma Chisha
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Tsegaye Yohannes
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
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Eyayu T, Wubie A, Kiros T, Tiruneh T, Damtie S, Sema M, Abebaw A, Chanie ES, Workineh L. Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitosis and Its Associated Factors Among Children Aged 6 to 59 months Attending Mekane Eyesus Primary Hospital, Northcentral Ethiopia. Glob Pediatr Health 2021; 8:2333794X211036605. [PMID: 34377745 PMCID: PMC8326614 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x211036605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Intestinal parasites are still a serious public health problem and important cause of morbidity and mortality all over the world, particularly in developing countries. Unfortunately, pre-school children are more susceptible to infection. However, information is scarce in the study area. Thus, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis and associated factors among children aged 6 to 59 months in Northcentral Ethiopia. Methods. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was carried out at Mekane Eyesus primary hospital from June 10 to November 30, 2020. Stool samples were collected from 322 children and examined by using direct wet mount and formal ether concentration techniques. The data were entered and analyzed using EPI Info v7 and SPSS v23 statistical software, respectively. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic analysis was carried out and potential associated factors were identified based on adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval and P-value <.05. Results. The prevalence of intestinal parasitosis was 18.0% (95% CI: 14.0%-22.0%). A total of 4 parasites were examined and the dominant parasite was E. histolytica/dispar (8.1%) followed by A. limbricoide (4.7%). Children with irregular trimming of fingernails (AOR = 3.14, 95% CI: 1.59-6.21), and child who have habit of eating unwashed fruits/vegetables (AOR = 3.80, 95% CI: 1.14-12.82) were strongly associated with IPIs. Conclusions. Protozoa parasites are most common cause of diseases in children. The study identified some preventable and modifiable factors to address the prevalence of IPIs. Additionally, improving mothers/guardians awareness about source of infection and mode of transmission is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Eyayu
- Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | | | | | | | | | - Meslo Sema
- Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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