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Furukawa H, Oka S, Higuchi T, Nakama M, Nagai N, Tohma S. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Antibody Titers and Neutralizing Antibodies in Vaccinated Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081365. [PMID: 36016252 PMCID: PMC9414304 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). A serological test is used to assess the efficacy of vaccination. It has been reported that anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and neutralizing antibody (Ab) levels are lower following vaccination in patients with rheumatic disease. Here, we investigated anti-SARS-CoV-2 S and neutralizing Abs in vaccinated rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients in Japan. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S and neutralizing Abs were quantified in 101 RA patients and 117 controls. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S Ab levels were lower in RA patients than both earlier after vaccination in controls (mean RA 324.1 ± 591.8 SDM vs. control 1216.6 ± 854.4 [U/mL], p < 0.0001) and later after vaccination (324.1 ± 591.8 vs. 582.0 ± 415.6 [U/mL], p = 0.0002). The interval between vaccination of the RA patients and serum collection was longer than for controls early after vaccination (142.1 ± 31.6 vs. 98.3 ± 11.2 [days], p < 0.0001), but shorter than the later sample from the controls (142.1 ± 31.6 vs. 257.3 ± 11.2 [days], p < 0.0001). Importantly, anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing Ab titers in RA patients were higher than in either early or later control samples (10.7 ± 4.9 vs. 8.6 ± 6.6 [%], p = 0.0072, and 10.7 ± 4.9 vs. 3.1 ± 3.7 [%], p < 0.0001, respectively). Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S Ab titers in vaccinated RA patients were lower than in controls, but they were influenced by other clinical manifestations. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing Ab levels were independently increased in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Furukawa
- Department of Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, 3-1-1 Takeoka, Kiyose 204-8585, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-42-491-2111
| | - Shomi Oka
- Department of Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, 3-1-1 Takeoka, Kiyose 204-8585, Japan
| | - Takashi Higuchi
- Department of Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, 3-1-1 Takeoka, Kiyose 204-8585, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Ushiku Aiwa General Hospital, 896 Shishiko-cho, Ushiku 300-1296, Japan
| | - Moriyuki Nakama
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, 3-1-1 Takeoka, Kiyose 204-8585, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Hospital Organization Shimofusa Psychiatric Medical Center, 578 Heta-cho, Midori-ku, Chiba 266-0007, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nagai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, 3-1-1 Takeoka, Kiyose 204-8585, Japan
| | - Shigeto Tohma
- Department of Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, 3-1-1 Takeoka, Kiyose 204-8585, Japan
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Midorikawa R, Nakama M, Furukawa H, Oka S, Higuchi T, Nagai H, Nagai N, Tohma S. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid, Spike, and Neutralizing Antibodies in Vaccinated Japanese. Viruses 2022; 14:v14050965. [PMID: 35632710 PMCID: PMC9144302 DOI: 10.3390/v14050965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Serological detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleocapsid (N), spike (S), and neutralizing antibodies (Abs) is commonly undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of vaccination. However, the relative efficiency of different SARS-CoV-2 Ab detection systems has not been extensively investigated. Here, we evaluated serological test systems in vaccinated Japanese. SARS-CoV-2 N, S, and neutralizing Abs in sera of 375 healthy subjects a mean 253 days after vaccination were assessed. The sensitivity of Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S (Roche S) and Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S IgG (Fujirebio S) was 100% and 98.9%, respectively, with a specificity of 100% for both. The sensitivity of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing Ab (MBL Neu) was 2.7%, and the specificity was 100%. Fujirebio S correlated with Roche S (rho = 0.9182, p = 3.97 × 10−152). Fujirebio S (rho = 0.1295, p = 0.0121) and Roche S (rho = 0.1232, p = 0.0170) correlated weakly with MBL Neu. However, Roche S did correlate with MBL Neu in patients with COVID-19 (rho = 0.8299, p = 1.01 × 10−12) and in healthy subjects more recently after vaccination (mean of 90 days, rho = 0.5306, p = 0.0003). Thus, the Fujirebio S and Roche S results were very similar, but neither correlated with neutralizing antibody titers by MBL Neu at a later time after vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Midorikawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, 3-1-1 Takeoka, Kiyose 204-8585, Japan; (R.M.); (M.N.); (N.N.)
| | - Moriyuki Nakama
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, 3-1-1 Takeoka, Kiyose 204-8585, Japan; (R.M.); (M.N.); (N.N.)
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Hospital Organization Shimofusa Psychiatric Medical Center, 578 Heta-cho, Midori-ku, Chiba 266-0007, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Furukawa
- Department of Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, 3-1-1 Takeoka, Kiyose 204-8585, Japan; (S.O.); (T.H.); (S.T.)
- Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, 18-1 Sakuradai, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0392, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-42-491-2111; Fax: +81-42-494-2168
| | - Shomi Oka
- Department of Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, 3-1-1 Takeoka, Kiyose 204-8585, Japan; (S.O.); (T.H.); (S.T.)
- Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, 18-1 Sakuradai, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0392, Japan
| | - Takashi Higuchi
- Department of Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, 3-1-1 Takeoka, Kiyose 204-8585, Japan; (S.O.); (T.H.); (S.T.)
- Department of Nephrology, Ushiku Aiwa General Hospital, 896 Shishiko-cho, Ushiku 300-1296, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nagai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, 3-1-1 Takeoka, Kiyose 204-8585, Japan;
| | - Nobuhiro Nagai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, 3-1-1 Takeoka, Kiyose 204-8585, Japan; (R.M.); (M.N.); (N.N.)
| | - Shigeto Tohma
- Department of Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, 3-1-1 Takeoka, Kiyose 204-8585, Japan; (S.O.); (T.H.); (S.T.)
- Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, 18-1 Sakuradai, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0392, Japan
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