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Salem V, AlHusseini N, Abdul Razack HI, Naoum A, Sims OT, Alqahtani SA. Prevalence, risk factors, and interventions for obesity in Saudi Arabia: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13448. [PMID: 35338558 PMCID: PMC9287009 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Saudi Arabia (SA) has a reported obesity prevalence greater than the global average. Here, we systematically review firstly the prevalence and associated factors (59 studies) and secondly the pharmacological, lifestyle, and surgical interventions for obesity (body mass index, >30 kg/m2 ) in SA (29 studies) between December 2020 and March 2021 in PubMed, Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and Cochrane. Peer-reviewed articles in Arabic and English on human adults (aged >18 years) were searched. Among the eight largest studies with sample sizes over 10,000 people, the maximum-reported obesity prevalence was 35.6%, with notable variations in gender and geographic region. Diet, specifically the move towards Western diet and heavy consumption of sugary beverages, and high levels of inactivity are major contributing factors to obesity. The reported obesity-risk polymorphisms are not specific. Bariatric surgery is underrepresented, and in general, there is a lack of nationally coordinated studies on weight loss interventions. In particular, the systematic review did not find a body of research on psychological interventions. There is no trial data for the use of GLP-1 analogs in SA, despite their widespread use. These findings can help policymakers, and practitioners prioritize future research efforts to reduce obesity prevalence in SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Salem
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Imperial Centre for Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Habeeb Ibrahim Abdul Razack
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | | | - Omar T Sims
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Saleh A Alqahtani
- Liver Transplant Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Tanveer M, Tanveer M, Javed M. Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia: A review of the current situation. JOURNAL OF DIABETOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jod.jod_92_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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