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Zhai P, Zhang H, Li Q, Hu Z, Zhang H, Yang M, Xing C, Guo Y. SETBP1 activation upon MDM4-enhanced ubiquitination of NR3C1 triggers dissemination of colorectal cancer cells. Clin Exp Metastasis 2024:10.1007/s10585-024-10294-2. [PMID: 38796806 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-024-10294-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) presents a growing concern globally, marked by its escalating incidence and mortality rates, thus imposing a substantial health burden. This investigation delves into the role of nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 (NR3C1) in CRC metastasis and explores the associated mechanism. Through a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis, NR3C1 emerged as a gene with diminished expression levels in CRC. This finding was corroborated by observations of a low-expression pattern of NR3C1 in both CRC tissues and cells. Furthermore, experiments involving NR3C1 knockdown revealed an exacerbation of proliferation, migration, and invasion of CRC cells in vitro. Subsequent assessments in mouse xenograft tumor models, established by injecting human HCT116 cells either through the tail vein or at the cecum termini, demonstrated a reduction in tumor metastasis to the lung and liver, respectively, upon NR3C1 knockdown. Functionally, NR3C1 (glucocorticoid receptor) suppressed SET binding protein 1 (SETBP1) transcription by binding to its promoter region. Notably, mouse double minute 4 (MDM4) was identified as an upstream regulator of NR3C1, orchestrating its downregulation via ubiquitination-dependent proteasomal degradation. Further investigations unveiled that SETBP1 knockdown suppressed migration and invasion, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition of CRC cells, consequently impeding in vivo metastasis in murine models. Conversely, upregulation of MDM4 exacerbated the metastatic phenotype of CRC cells, a propensity mitigated upon additional upregulation of NR3C1. In summary, this study elucidates a cascade wherein MDM4-mediated ubiquitination of NR3C1 enables the transcriptional activation of SETBP1, thereby propelling the dissemination of CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhai
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 1055, Sanxiang Road, Gusu District, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, Fifth People's Hospital of Huai'an City, Huai'an, 223300, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Lishui District People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211200, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 1055, Sanxiang Road, Gusu District, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gerneral Surgery, The Second Afilliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifeng Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Fifth People's Hospital of Huai'an City, Huai'an, 223300, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaguo Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Fifth People's Hospital of Huai'an City, Huai'an, 223300, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Fifth People's Hospital of Huai'an City, Huai'an, 223300, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chungen Xing
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 1055, Sanxiang Road, Gusu District, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunhu Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Fifth People's Hospital of Huai'an City, Huai'an, 223300, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Chiang HH, Ong CT, Chang CY, Wu KL, Wu YY, Lai JC, Shen TY, Hung JY, Lee HC, Tsai YM, Hsu YL. Downregulated antisense lncRNA ENTPD3-AS1 contributes to the development of lung adenocarcinoma. Am J Cancer Res 2024; 14:854-868. [PMID: 38455397 PMCID: PMC10915316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The poor outcome of patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) highlights the importance to identify novel effective prognostic markers and therapeutic targets. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have generally been considered to serve important roles in tumorigenesis and the development of various types of cancer, including LUAD. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of ENTPD3-AS1 (ENTPD3 Antisense RNA 1) in LUAD and to explore its potential mechanisms by performing comprehensive bioinformatic analyses. The regulatory effect of ENTPD3-AS1 on the expression of NR3C1 was validated by siRNA-based silencing. The effect of miR-421 on the modulation of NR3C1 was determined by miRNA mimics and inhibitors transfection. ENTPD3-AS1 was expressed at lower levels in tumor parts and negatively correlated with unfavorable prognosis in LUAD patients. It exerted functions as a tumor suppressor gene by competitively binding to oncomir, miR-421, thereby attenuating NR3C1 expression. Transfection of lung cancer A549 cells with miR-421 mimics decreased the expression of NR3C1. Transfection of lung cancer A549 cells with miR-421 inhibitors increased the expression of NR3C1 with lower cellular functions as proliferation and migration via epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In addition, inhibition of ENTPD3-AS1 by siRNA transfection decreased the levels of NR3C1, supporting the ENTPD3-AS1/miR-421/NR3C1 cascade. Moreover, the bioinformatic analysis also showed that ENTPD3-AS1 could interact with the RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), CELF2 and QKI, consequently regulating RNA expression and processing. Taken together, we identified that ENTPD3-AS1 and its indirect target NR3C1 can act as novel biomarkers for determining the prognosis of patients with LUAD, and further study is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Hsing Chiang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chai-Tung Ong
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yuan Chang
- Department of Anatomy, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Li Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yuan Wu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Chen Lai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yen Shen
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yu Hung
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Internal Medicine, Kaoshiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chen Lee
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ming Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Zhai P, Zhang H, Li Q, Yang M, Guo Y, Xing C. DNMT1-mediated NR3C1 DNA methylation enables transcription activation of connexin40 and augments angiogenesis during colorectal cancer progression. Gene 2024; 892:147887. [PMID: 37813207 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to be a major contributor to cancer-related mortality. Connexin 40 (CX40) is one of the major gap junction proteins with the capacity in regulating cell-to-cell communication and angiogenesis. This study investigates its role in angiogenesis in CRC and explores the regulatory mechanism. Aberrant high CX40 expression was detected in tumor tissues, which was associated with a poor prognosis in CRC patients. Elevated CX40 expression was detected in CRC cell lines as well. Conditioned medium of SW620 and HT29 cell lines was used to induce angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). CX40 knockdown in CRC cells reduced angiogenesis and mobility of HUVECs and blocked CRC cell proliferation, mobility, and survival. Following bioinformatics predictions, we validated by chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase assays that nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 (NR3C1), which was poorly expressed in CRC samples, suppressed CX40 transcription. The poor NR3C1 expression was attributive to DNA hypermethylation induced by DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1). Restoration of NR3C1 suppressed the pro-angiogenic effect, proliferation and survival, and tumorigenic activity of CRC cells, which were, however, rescued by CX40 upregulation. Collectively, this study demonstrates that transcription activation of CX40 upon DNMT1-mediated NR3C1 DNA methylation potentiates angiogenesis in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhai
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of General Surgery, Fifth People's Hospital of Huai'an City, Huai'an 223300, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Lishui District People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing 211200, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Gerneral Surgery, The Second Afilliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Fifth People's Hospital of Huai'an City, Huai'an 223300, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yunhu Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Fifth People's Hospital of Huai'an City, Huai'an 223300, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Chungen Xing
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Wang M, Li M, Liu Z, Jiang C, Lv H, Yang Q. Hsa_circ_0128846 knockdown attenuates the progression of pancreatic cancer by targeting miR-1270/NR3C1 axis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2792. [PMID: 36797317 PMCID: PMC9935855 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28439-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The considerable role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) make them prospective biomarkers in cancer therapy. Our study aimed to unveil the function of circ_0128846 in pancreatic cancer (PC). The expressions of circ_0128846, miR-1270 and NR3C1 mRNA were measured via RT-qPCR. The expressions of NR3C1 protein and apoptosis-related markers (Bax and Bcl-2) were measured via western blotting. CCK-8, colony-forming, or wound healing assay was respectively utilized to identify cell proliferation, growth and migration. Xenograft model was developed to evaluate tumor growth affected by circ_0128846 in vivo. The putative binding between miR-1270 and circ_0128846 or NR3C1 was testified by dual-luciferase reporter, RIP or pull-down assay. Circ_0128846 showed elevated expression in PC. Circ_0128846 deficiency restrained cancer cell proliferation, colony formation and migratory ability, enhanced cell apoptotic rate, and also impeded tumor development in vivo. Circ_0128846 directly targeted miR-1270 whose expression was declined in PC. The suppressive effects of silencing circ_0128846 on PC cell malignant phenotypes were largely reversed by miR-1270 inhibition. NR3C1 was targeted by miR-1270 and was highly regulated in PC. The repressive effects of NR3C1 knockdown on PC cell malignant phenotypes were partly abolished by miR-1270 inhibition. Circ_0128846 deficiency blocked PC progression via mediating the miR-1270/NR3C1 pathway, which partly illustrated PC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- grid.460068.c0000 0004 1757 9645Section for Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu & The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 19 Yangshi Road, Chengdu, 610031 Sichuan China
| | - Ming Li
- grid.460068.c0000 0004 1757 9645Section for Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu & The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 19 Yangshi Road, Chengdu, 610031 Sichuan China
| | - Zehan Liu
- grid.460068.c0000 0004 1757 9645Section for Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu & The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 19 Yangshi Road, Chengdu, 610031 Sichuan China
| | - Cuinan Jiang
- grid.460068.c0000 0004 1757 9645Section for Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu & The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 19 Yangshi Road, Chengdu, 610031 Sichuan China
| | - Hailong Lv
- grid.460068.c0000 0004 1757 9645Section for Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu & The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 19 Yangshi Road, Chengdu, 610031 Sichuan China
| | - Qin Yang
- Section for Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu & The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 19 Yangshi Road, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China.
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Santos A, Cristóbal I, Rubio J, Caramés C, Luque M, Sanz-Álvarez M, Zazo S, Madoz-Gúrpide J, Rojo F, García-Foncillas J. MicroRNA-19b Plays a Key Role in 5-Fluorouracil Resistance and Predicts Tumor Progression in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012447. [PMID: 36293302 PMCID: PMC9604503 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The standard clinical management of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients includes neoadjuvant 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by mesorectal excision. MicroRNA (miR)-19b expression levels in LARC biopsies obtained from initial colonoscopy have recently been identified as independent predictors of both patient outcome and pathological response to preoperative CRT in this disease. Moreover, it has been discovered that this miR increases its expression in 5-FU resistant colon cancer cells after 5-FU exposure. Despite the fact that these observations suggest a functional role of miR-19b modulating 5-FU response of LARC cells, this issue still remains to be clarified. Here, we show that downregulation of miR-19b enhances the antitumor effects of 5-FU treatment. Moreover, ectopic miR-19b modulation was able to restore sensitivity to 5-FU treatment using an acquired resistant model to this compound. Notably, we also evaluated the potential clinical impact of miR-19b as a predictive marker of disease progression after tumor surgery resection in LARC patients, observing that miR-19b overexpression significantly anticipates patient recurrence in our cohort (p = 0.002). Altogether, our findings demonstrate the functional role of miR-19b in the progressively decreasing sensitivity to 5-FU treatment and its potential usefulness as a therapeutic target to overcome 5-FU resistance, as well as its clinical impact as predictor of tumor progression and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Santos
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, Health Research Institute (IIS)—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ion Cristóbal
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, Health Research Institute (IIS)—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.C.); (J.G.-F.); Tel.: +34-915-504-800 (I.C. & J.G.-F.)
| | - Jaime Rubio
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, Health Research Institute (IIS)—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”, UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Caramés
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, Health Research Institute (IIS)—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”, UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Melani Luque
- Pathology Department, IIS—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Sanz-Álvarez
- Pathology Department, IIS—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Zazo
- Pathology Department, IIS—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Madoz-Gúrpide
- Pathology Department, IIS—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico Rojo
- Pathology Department, IIS—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus García-Foncillas
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”, UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.C.); (J.G.-F.); Tel.: +34-915-504-800 (I.C. & J.G.-F.)
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Zhang L, Song L, Xu Y, Xu Y, Zheng M, Zhang P, Wang Q. Midkine promotes breast cancer cell proliferation and migration by upregulating NR3C1 expression and activating the NF-κB pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:2953-2961. [PMID: 35028860 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07116-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy in females and is the second leading cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide. Midkine (MDK) is a heparin-binding growth factor that is abnormally expressed at high levels in various human malignancies. We aimed to uncover the biological function and molecular mechanism of MDK in BC cells. METHODS AND RESULTS MDA-MB-231-shMDK and T47D-shMDK BC cells were established. The in vitro biological functions of MDK were demonstrated by CCK-8 assays, Transwell assays and Western blotting, whereas qPCR pathway arrays were implemented to explore the mechanism of MDK in BC cells. Functionally, we verified that silencing MDK significantly suppressed BC cell proliferation and migration by inhibiting the activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and the nuclear distribution of NF-κB. Meanwhile, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) and a qPCR pathway array revealed that silencing MDK decreased the expression of NR3C1, a potential downstream target of the NF-κB pathway. We also confirmed that treatment with an NF-κB inhibitor suppressed NR3C1 expression in BC cells. Finally, we demonstrated that silencing NR3C1 repressed BC cell proliferation and migration. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight a novel mechanism by which MDK influences BC progression via regulation of the NF-κB-NR3C1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Song
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanyan Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuting Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Maojin Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingling Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China. .,Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
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