Giant chondroid syringoma of the axilla

NDRG1-PLAG1 and TRPS1-PLAG1 Fusion Genes in Chondroid Syringoma

BACKGROUND/AIM

Chondroid syringoma is a rare benign tumor emanating from sweat glands. Although rearrangements of the pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) have been reported in such tumors, information on PLAG1 fusion genes is very limited.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Cytogenetic, fluorescence in situ hybridization, RNA sequencing, array comparative genomic hybridization, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and Sanger sequencing analyses were performed on two chondroid syringoma cases.

RESULTS

Both tumors had structural rearrangements of chromosome 8. An NDRG1-PLAG1 transcript was found in the first tumor in which exon 3 of PLAG1 was fused with exon 1 of NDRG1. A TRPS1-PLAG1 chimeric transcript was detected in the second chondroid syringoma in which exon 2 or exon 3 of PLAG1 was fused with exon 1 of TRPS1.

CONCLUSION

The NDRG1-PLAG1 and TRPS1-PLAG1 resemble other PLAG1 fusion genes inasmuch as the expression of PLAG1 comes under the control of the NDRG1 or TRPS1 promoter.

Chondroid Syringoma of the Foot: A Rare Diagnosis

Chondroid syringoma is a rare tumor with the potential for malignant transformation and distant metastasis. The site of predilection for benign chondroid syringoma is the head and neck region, and it is less likely to involve the foot. In contrast, malignant chondroid syringoma is more commonly encountered in the extremities and is characterized by rapid growth, local invasion, and distant metastasis. We report an unusual case of benign chondroid syringoma in a 47-year-old female who presented with a 20-year history of a mass in her left foot to bring such cases to the attention of foot and ankle specialists. We highlight the histologic diagnosis and surgical procedures with a 6-month postoperative follow-up period. It is unlikely that a treating physician would anticipate this histologic tumor type, considering the rarity of the condition, the long history of this patient's lesion, and the benign presentation in the extremities.

Neighboring look-a-likes: distinguishing between breast and dermatologic lesions

Due to the proximity of the skin, subcutis, and axilla to the breast, the possibility of a "breast mass" actually representing a dermatologic lesion should be considered, particularly if the proliferation does not look characteristically "mammary" in appearance. Even more underappreciated is the scenario of a dermatologic proliferation morphologically masquerading as a breast tumor. The pathologist can fall prey to this pitfall if he/she is led to believe that the location of the tumor is the breast proper. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of dermatologic mimickers of breast lesions and helpful ways to discern between them when possible.

Chondroid syringoma of the medial canthus

Chondroid syringoma, or pleomorphic adenoma of the skin, is a rare, benign skin adnexal tumor. It is usually exhibited as a slowly growing intradermal or subcutaneous nodule, typically located in the head and neck region. Because of the unremarkable clinical symptomatology of this rare tumor, the diagnosis is exclusively made retrospectively based on histological confirmation of the surgically excised tumor. We present a rare case of a chondroid syringoma located in the left medial canthus of a 58-year-old man. The patient had no symptoms and decided to excise it for cosmetic reasons only. Local excision with a macroscopic wide cuff of normal tissue was done, without destroying the aesthetic and functional structures, since the defect was restored by a finger flap. One year postoperatively, the patient has remained disease-free. Chondroid syringoma usually appears in the face but the location in the medial canthus is not mentioned in the literature for the last twenty years.

Giant chondroid syringoma with divergent differentiation: Cyto-histo-immuno correlation

Chondroid syringoma is a rare benign skin adnexal tumor of eccrine/apocrine origin affecting commonly the head and neck region. It is also called as mixed tumor of skin because of the presence of both the epithelial and mesenchymal components. There are very few case reports of chondroid syringoma diagnosed on fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). We hereby report a case of giant chondroid syringoma occurring over the lower back in a 50-year-old male, diagnosed initially on cytology and confirmed by histopathology. This case is reported for its unusual size and site of occurrence. We describe the clinical features, cytology, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and differential diagnosis of giant chondroid syringoma along with review of literature.

Chondroid syringoma with extensive ossification

Chondroid syringoma is a rare appendagel skin tumor. Due to its uncharacteristic presentation, it is rarely diagnosed clinically. Here we present one such case in a 50-year-old lady. She presented with a hard mobile lesion over her nose which was excised. The histologic picture is characterized by a combination of epithelial and myoepithelial structures within a chondromyxoid and fibrous stroma. For these tumors, excision is the treatment of choice.

A Rare Case of Atypical Chondroid Syringoma of the Lower Eyelid and Review of the Literature

A 46-year-old man presented with a painless firm mass in the eyelid margin of the left lower eyelid, which had been present for 9 years. Biopsy nine years previously had not established a diagnosis. We performed excisional biopsy of the lesion and lateral advancement skin flap for reconstruction of the skin defect. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings were consistent with atypical chondroid syringoma with eccrine differentiation. The systemic metastatic work-up was negative, and no recurrence or metastasis was present at 30-month follow-up. Chondroid syringoma is a rare skin tumor that occurs, very rarely, in the eyelids, especially the lower eyelid. Only 26 cases of chondroid syringoma in the periorbital area, including our case, have been reported, with various characteristics. Chondroid syringomas are classified as two types, the apocrine type characterized by tubular and cystic branching lumina lined by two layers of epithelial cells, and the eccrine type, which has small tubular lumina lined by a single layer of epithelial cells. The tumor can have benign, atypical, and malignant variants. Our patient had the atypical variant, which is characterized by benign cytological features, as well as the presence of infiltrative margins and/or satellite nodules. Even benign chondroid syringomas, if incompletely excised, can recur with malignant transformation; thus, complete excision and regular follow-up is recommended for all chondroid syringomas.

The chondroid syringoma: report of a case arising from the external auditory canal

Chondroid syringoma is an uncommon, benign skin adnexal tumour. It usually presents as a slowly growing intradermal or subcutaneous nodule on the face. Treatment involves local excision with a cuff of normal tissue to prevent recurrence. A rare case of chondroid syringoma arising from the external auditory canal is reported. The clinical features, histology, treatment and follow-up are discussed.