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Riina HA, Raz E, Shapiro M. Commentary: The Promise, Mystery, and Perils of Stenting for Symptomatic Internal Jugular Vein Stenosis: A Case Series. Neurosurgery 2024; 95:e41-e42. [PMID: 38477569 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000002918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Howard A Riina
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School Medicine, New York , New York , USA
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Bai C, Wang Z, Stone C, Zhou D, Ding J, Ding Y, Ji X, Meng R. Pathogenesis and Management in Cerebrovenous Outflow Disorders. Aging Dis 2021; 12:203-222. [PMID: 33532137 PMCID: PMC7801276 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In keeping with its status as one of the major causes of disability and mortality worldwide, brain damage induced by cerebral arterial disease has been the subject of several decades of scientific investigation, which has resulted in a vastly improved understanding of its pathogenesis. Brain injury mediated by venous etiologies, however, such as cerebral, jugular, and vertebral venous outflow disturbance, have been largely ignored by clinicians. Unfortunately, this inattention is not proportional to the severity of cerebral venous diseases, as the impact they exact on the quality of life of affected patients may be no less than that of arterial diseases. This is evident in disease sequelae such as cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT)-mediated visual impairment, epilepsy, and intracranial hypertension; and the long-term unbearable head noise, tinnitus, headache, dizziness, sleeping disorder, and even severe intracranial hypertension induced by non-thrombotic cerebral venous sinus (CVS) stenosis and/or internal jugular venous (IJV) stenosis. In addition, the vertebral venous system (VVS), a large volume, valveless vascular network that stretches from the brain to the pelvis, provides a conduit for diffuse transmission of tumors, infections, or emboli, with potentially devastating clinical consequences. Moreover, the lack of specific features and focal neurologic signs seen with arterial etiologies render cerebral venous disease prone to both to misdiagnoses and missed diagnoses. It is therefore imperative that awareness be raised, and that as comprehensive an understanding as possible of these issues be cultivated. In this review, we attempt to facilitate these goals by systematically summarizing recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of these entities, including CVT, CVS stenosis, and IJV stenosis, with the aim of providing a valid, practical reference for clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaobo Bai
- 1Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,3Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongao Wang
- 1Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,3Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Christopher Stone
- 4Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Da Zhou
- 1Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,3Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayue Ding
- 1Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,3Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- 3Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,4Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Xunming Ji
- 2Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,3Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,5Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Meng
- 1Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,3Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Bai C, Wang Z, Guan J, Jin K, Ding Y, Ji X, Meng R. Clinical characteristics and neuroimaging findings in eagle syndrome induced internal jugular vein stenosis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:97. [PMID: 32175390 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.12.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Eagle syndrome is a condition that causes pharyngeal pain, facial pain, swallowing difficulties, and symptoms of arterial impingement due to the elongated styloid process. However, few reports were about eagle syndrome with venous compression up to now. This study aimed to identify the clinical profiles of the internal jugular vein stenosis (IJVS) related eagle syndrome comprehensively. Methods A total of 27 patients, who were diagnosed as IJVS induced by styloid process compression were enrolled. The clinical manifestations and imaging features were analyzed. Results Styloid process compression was presented in all of the 27 IJVS patients, in which, the top three symptoms included insomnia (81.5%), tinnitus (63.0%) and head noises (63.0%). The most vulnerable segment of internal jugular vein (IJV) was J3 segment (96.3%). The average styloid process length in our study was 3.7 cm. Hearing impairment was more common in bilateral IJVS (68.8% vs. 18.2%, P=0.018). One patient reported significant relief of symptoms at 1 year follow-up after underwent styloidectomy combined with stenting. Conclusions Neurological symptoms of eagle syndrome induced IJVS were various, including either arterial or venous issues. Better understanding of this disease entity may be helpful for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaobo Bai
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100000, China.,Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100000, China.,Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Zhongao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100000, China.,Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100000, China.,Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Jingwei Guan
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100000, China.,Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100000, China.,Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Kexin Jin
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100000, China.,Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100000, China.,Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100000, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Xunming Ji
- Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100000, China.,Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100000, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Ran Meng
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100000, China.,Advanced Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100000, China.,Department of China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100000, China
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Wang L, Kwakyi O, Nguyen J, Ogbuokiri E, Murphy O, Caldito NG, Balcer L, Frohman E, Frohman T, Calabresi PA, Saidha S. Microvascular blood flow velocities measured with a retinal function imager: inter-eye correlations in healthy controls and an exploration in multiple sclerosis. EYE AND VISION 2018; 5:29. [PMID: 30410945 PMCID: PMC6217760 DOI: 10.1186/s40662-018-0123-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background The retinal microcirculation has been studied in various diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS). However, inter-eye correlations and potential differences of the retinal blood flow velocity (BFV) remain largely unstudied but may be important in guiding eye selection as well as the design and interpretation of studies assessing or utilizing retinal BFV. The primary aim of this study was to determine inter-eye correlations in BFVs in healthy controls (HCs). Since prior studies raise the possibility of reduced BFV in MS eyes, a secondary aim was to compare retinal BFVs between MS eyes, grouped based on optic neuritis (ON) history and HC eyes. Methods Macular arteriole and venule BFVs were determined using a retinal function imager (RFI) in both eyes of 20 HCs. One eye from a total of 38 MS patients comprising 13 eyes with ON (MSON) and 25 eyes without ON (MSNON) history were similarly imaged with RFI. Results OD (right) and OS (left) BFVs were not significantly different in arterioles (OD: 3.95 ± 0.59 mm/s; OS: 4.08 ± 0.60 mm/s, P = 0.10) or venules (OD: 3.11 ± 0.46 mm/s; OS: 3.23 ± 0.52 mm/s, P = 0.06) in HCs. Very strong inter-eye correlations were also found between arteriolar (r = 0.84, P < 0.001) and venular (r = 0.87, P < 0.001) BFVs in HCs. Arteriolar (3.48 ± 0.88 mm/s) and venular (2.75 ± 0.53 mm/s) BFVs in MSNON eyes were significantly lower than in HC eyes (P = 0.009 and P = 0.005, respectively). Similarly, arteriolar (3.59 ± 0.69 mm/s) and venular (2.80 ± 0.45 mm/s) BFVs in MSON eyes were also significantly lower than in HC eyes (P = 0.046 and P = 0.048, respectively). Arteriolar and venular BFVs in MSON and MSNON eyes did not differ from each other (P = 0.42 and P = 0.48, respectively). Conclusions Inter-eye arteriolar and venular BFVs do not differ significantly in HCs and are strongly correlated. Our findings support prior observations that arteriolar and venular BFVs may be reduced in MS eyes. Moreover, this seems to be the case in both MS eyes with and without a history of ON, raising the possibility of global blood flow alterations in MS. Future larger studies are needed to assess differences in BFVs between MSON and MSNON eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- 1Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Ohemaa Kwakyi
- 1Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - James Nguyen
- 1Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Esther Ogbuokiri
- 1Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Olwen Murphy
- 1Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | | | - Laura Balcer
- 2Departments of Neurology, Population Health and Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Elliot Frohman
- 3Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, University of Texas Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, TX USA
| | - Teresa Frohman
- 3Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, University of Texas Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, TX USA
| | - Peter A Calabresi
- 1Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Shiv Saidha
- 1Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
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5
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Traboulsee AL, Machan L, Girard JM, Raymond J, Vosoughi R, Hardy BW, Emond F, Gariepy JL, Bone JN, Siskin G, Klass D, Isserow S, Illes J, Sadovnick AD, Li DK. Safety and efficacy of venoplasty in MS: A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled phase II trial. Neurology 2018; 91:e1660-e1668. [PMID: 30266886 PMCID: PMC6207414 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000006423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the safety and efficacy of balloon vs sham venoplasty of narrowing of the extracranial jugular and azygos veins in multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods Patients with relapsing or progressive MS were screened using clinical and ultrasound criteria. After confirmation of >50% narrowing by venography, participants were randomized 1:1 to receive balloon or sham venoplasty of all stenoses and were followed for 48 weeks. Participants and research staff were blinded to intervention allocation. The primary safety outcome was the number of adverse events (AEs) during 48 weeks. The primary efficacy outcome was the change from baseline to week 48 in the patient-reported outcome MS Quality of Life–54 (MSQOL-54) questionnaire. Standardized clinical and MRI outcomes were also evaluated. Results One hundred four participants were randomized (55 sham; 49 venoplasty) and 103 completed 48 weeks of follow-up. Twenty-three sham and 21 venoplasty participants reported at least 1 AE; one sham (2%) and 5 (10%) venoplasty participants had a serious AE. The mean improvement in MSQOL-54 physical score was +1.3 (sham) and +1.4 (venoplasty) (p = 0.95); MSQOL-54 mental score was +1.2 (sham) and −0.8 (venoplasty) (p = 0.55). Conclusions Our data do not support the continued use of venoplasty of extracranial jugular and/or azygous venous narrowing to improve patient-reported outcomes, chronic MS symptoms, or the disease course of MS. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01864941. Classification of evidence This study provides Class I evidence that for patients with MS, balloon venoplasty of extracranial jugular and azygous veins is not beneficial in improving patient-reported, standardized clinical, or MRI outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony L Traboulsee
- From the University of British Columbia, Departments of Medicine (Neurology) (A.L.T., S.I., J.I., A.D.S.), Radiology (L.M., D.K., D.K.L.), Medical Genetics (A.D.S.), and Statistics (J.N.B.), Vancouver; Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (J.M.G., J.R.), Hôpital Notre-Dame, Montreal; Health Sciences Centre (R.V., B.W.H.), Winnipeg; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval (F.E., J.-L.G.), Hôpital Enfant-Jésus, Quebec, Canada; and Albany Medical Center (G.S.), NY.
| | - Lindsay Machan
- From the University of British Columbia, Departments of Medicine (Neurology) (A.L.T., S.I., J.I., A.D.S.), Radiology (L.M., D.K., D.K.L.), Medical Genetics (A.D.S.), and Statistics (J.N.B.), Vancouver; Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (J.M.G., J.R.), Hôpital Notre-Dame, Montreal; Health Sciences Centre (R.V., B.W.H.), Winnipeg; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval (F.E., J.-L.G.), Hôpital Enfant-Jésus, Quebec, Canada; and Albany Medical Center (G.S.), NY
| | - J Marc Girard
- From the University of British Columbia, Departments of Medicine (Neurology) (A.L.T., S.I., J.I., A.D.S.), Radiology (L.M., D.K., D.K.L.), Medical Genetics (A.D.S.), and Statistics (J.N.B.), Vancouver; Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (J.M.G., J.R.), Hôpital Notre-Dame, Montreal; Health Sciences Centre (R.V., B.W.H.), Winnipeg; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval (F.E., J.-L.G.), Hôpital Enfant-Jésus, Quebec, Canada; and Albany Medical Center (G.S.), NY
| | - Jean Raymond
- From the University of British Columbia, Departments of Medicine (Neurology) (A.L.T., S.I., J.I., A.D.S.), Radiology (L.M., D.K., D.K.L.), Medical Genetics (A.D.S.), and Statistics (J.N.B.), Vancouver; Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (J.M.G., J.R.), Hôpital Notre-Dame, Montreal; Health Sciences Centre (R.V., B.W.H.), Winnipeg; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval (F.E., J.-L.G.), Hôpital Enfant-Jésus, Quebec, Canada; and Albany Medical Center (G.S.), NY
| | - Reza Vosoughi
- From the University of British Columbia, Departments of Medicine (Neurology) (A.L.T., S.I., J.I., A.D.S.), Radiology (L.M., D.K., D.K.L.), Medical Genetics (A.D.S.), and Statistics (J.N.B.), Vancouver; Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (J.M.G., J.R.), Hôpital Notre-Dame, Montreal; Health Sciences Centre (R.V., B.W.H.), Winnipeg; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval (F.E., J.-L.G.), Hôpital Enfant-Jésus, Quebec, Canada; and Albany Medical Center (G.S.), NY
| | - Brian W Hardy
- From the University of British Columbia, Departments of Medicine (Neurology) (A.L.T., S.I., J.I., A.D.S.), Radiology (L.M., D.K., D.K.L.), Medical Genetics (A.D.S.), and Statistics (J.N.B.), Vancouver; Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (J.M.G., J.R.), Hôpital Notre-Dame, Montreal; Health Sciences Centre (R.V., B.W.H.), Winnipeg; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval (F.E., J.-L.G.), Hôpital Enfant-Jésus, Quebec, Canada; and Albany Medical Center (G.S.), NY
| | - Francois Emond
- From the University of British Columbia, Departments of Medicine (Neurology) (A.L.T., S.I., J.I., A.D.S.), Radiology (L.M., D.K., D.K.L.), Medical Genetics (A.D.S.), and Statistics (J.N.B.), Vancouver; Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (J.M.G., J.R.), Hôpital Notre-Dame, Montreal; Health Sciences Centre (R.V., B.W.H.), Winnipeg; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval (F.E., J.-L.G.), Hôpital Enfant-Jésus, Quebec, Canada; and Albany Medical Center (G.S.), NY
| | - Jean-Luc Gariepy
- From the University of British Columbia, Departments of Medicine (Neurology) (A.L.T., S.I., J.I., A.D.S.), Radiology (L.M., D.K., D.K.L.), Medical Genetics (A.D.S.), and Statistics (J.N.B.), Vancouver; Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (J.M.G., J.R.), Hôpital Notre-Dame, Montreal; Health Sciences Centre (R.V., B.W.H.), Winnipeg; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval (F.E., J.-L.G.), Hôpital Enfant-Jésus, Quebec, Canada; and Albany Medical Center (G.S.), NY
| | - Jeffrey N Bone
- From the University of British Columbia, Departments of Medicine (Neurology) (A.L.T., S.I., J.I., A.D.S.), Radiology (L.M., D.K., D.K.L.), Medical Genetics (A.D.S.), and Statistics (J.N.B.), Vancouver; Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (J.M.G., J.R.), Hôpital Notre-Dame, Montreal; Health Sciences Centre (R.V., B.W.H.), Winnipeg; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval (F.E., J.-L.G.), Hôpital Enfant-Jésus, Quebec, Canada; and Albany Medical Center (G.S.), NY
| | - Gary Siskin
- From the University of British Columbia, Departments of Medicine (Neurology) (A.L.T., S.I., J.I., A.D.S.), Radiology (L.M., D.K., D.K.L.), Medical Genetics (A.D.S.), and Statistics (J.N.B.), Vancouver; Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (J.M.G., J.R.), Hôpital Notre-Dame, Montreal; Health Sciences Centre (R.V., B.W.H.), Winnipeg; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval (F.E., J.-L.G.), Hôpital Enfant-Jésus, Quebec, Canada; and Albany Medical Center (G.S.), NY
| | - Darren Klass
- From the University of British Columbia, Departments of Medicine (Neurology) (A.L.T., S.I., J.I., A.D.S.), Radiology (L.M., D.K., D.K.L.), Medical Genetics (A.D.S.), and Statistics (J.N.B.), Vancouver; Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (J.M.G., J.R.), Hôpital Notre-Dame, Montreal; Health Sciences Centre (R.V., B.W.H.), Winnipeg; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval (F.E., J.-L.G.), Hôpital Enfant-Jésus, Quebec, Canada; and Albany Medical Center (G.S.), NY
| | - Saul Isserow
- From the University of British Columbia, Departments of Medicine (Neurology) (A.L.T., S.I., J.I., A.D.S.), Radiology (L.M., D.K., D.K.L.), Medical Genetics (A.D.S.), and Statistics (J.N.B.), Vancouver; Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (J.M.G., J.R.), Hôpital Notre-Dame, Montreal; Health Sciences Centre (R.V., B.W.H.), Winnipeg; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval (F.E., J.-L.G.), Hôpital Enfant-Jésus, Quebec, Canada; and Albany Medical Center (G.S.), NY
| | - Judy Illes
- From the University of British Columbia, Departments of Medicine (Neurology) (A.L.T., S.I., J.I., A.D.S.), Radiology (L.M., D.K., D.K.L.), Medical Genetics (A.D.S.), and Statistics (J.N.B.), Vancouver; Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (J.M.G., J.R.), Hôpital Notre-Dame, Montreal; Health Sciences Centre (R.V., B.W.H.), Winnipeg; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval (F.E., J.-L.G.), Hôpital Enfant-Jésus, Quebec, Canada; and Albany Medical Center (G.S.), NY
| | - A Dessa Sadovnick
- From the University of British Columbia, Departments of Medicine (Neurology) (A.L.T., S.I., J.I., A.D.S.), Radiology (L.M., D.K., D.K.L.), Medical Genetics (A.D.S.), and Statistics (J.N.B.), Vancouver; Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (J.M.G., J.R.), Hôpital Notre-Dame, Montreal; Health Sciences Centre (R.V., B.W.H.), Winnipeg; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval (F.E., J.-L.G.), Hôpital Enfant-Jésus, Quebec, Canada; and Albany Medical Center (G.S.), NY
| | - David K Li
- From the University of British Columbia, Departments of Medicine (Neurology) (A.L.T., S.I., J.I., A.D.S.), Radiology (L.M., D.K., D.K.L.), Medical Genetics (A.D.S.), and Statistics (J.N.B.), Vancouver; Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (J.M.G., J.R.), Hôpital Notre-Dame, Montreal; Health Sciences Centre (R.V., B.W.H.), Winnipeg; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval (F.E., J.-L.G.), Hôpital Enfant-Jésus, Quebec, Canada; and Albany Medical Center (G.S.), NY
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Krogias C, Gold R, Chan A, Triantafyllou N, Voumvourakis K, Tsivgoulis G. Brain Hyperechogenicities are not Associated with Venous Insufficiency in Multiple Sclerosis: A Pilot Neurosonology Study. J Neuroimaging 2015; 26:150-5. [DOI: 10.1111/jon.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christos Krogias
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Medical Faculty; Ruhr University; Bochum Germany
| | - Ralf Gold
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Medical Faculty; Ruhr University; Bochum Germany
| | - Andrew Chan
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Medical Faculty; Ruhr University; Bochum Germany
| | - Nikos Triantafyllou
- 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine; University of Athens; Greece
| | | | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- 2 Department of Neurology, “Attikon” Hospital, School of Medicine; University of Athens; Greece
- International Clinical Research Center, Department of Neurology; St. Anne's University Hospital in Brno; Czech Republic
- Department of Neurology; University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Memphis TN USA
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7
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Tsivgoulis G, Faissner S, Voumvourakis K, Katsanos AH, Triantafyllou N, Grigoriadis N, Gold R, Krogias C. "Liberation treatment" for chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency in multiple sclerosis: the truth will set you free. Brain Behav 2015; 5:3-12. [PMID: 25722945 PMCID: PMC4321389 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) has recently been introduced as a chronic state of impaired cerebral or cervical venous drainage that may be causally implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis. Moreover, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of extracranial veins termed "Liberation treatment" has been proposed (based on nonrandomized data) as an alternative therapy for MS. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify available published, peer-reviewed, clinical studies evaluating (1) the association of CCSVI with MS, (2) the reproducibility of proposed ultrasound criteria for CCSVI detection (3) the safety and efficacy of "Liberation treatment" in open-label and randomized-controlled trial (RCT) settings. RESULTS There is substantial heterogeneity between ultrasound case-control studies investigating the association of CCSVI and MS. The majority of independent investigators failed to reproduce the initially reported high prevalence rates of CCSVI in MS. The prevalence of extracranial venous stenoses evaluated by other neuroimaging modalities (contrast or MR venography) is similarly low in MS patients and healthy individuals. One small RCT failed to document any benefit in MS patients with CCSVI receiving "Liberation treatment", while an exacerbation of disease activity was observed. "Liberation treatment" has been complicated by serious adverse events (SAEs) in open-label studies (e.g., stroke, internal jugular vein thrombosis, stent migration, hydrocephalus). CONCLUSION CCSVI appears to be a poorly reproducible and clinically irrelevant sonographic construct. "Liberation treatment" has no proven efficacy, may exacerbate underlying disease activity and has been complicated with SAEs. "Liberation treatment" should stop being offered to MS patients even in the settings of RCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Second Department of Neurology, "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Athens Athens, Greece ; International Clinical Research Center, Department of Neurology, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic ; Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, TN
| | - Simon Faissner
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Voumvourakis
- Second Department of Neurology, "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Athens Athens, Greece
| | - Aristeidis H Katsanos
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina Ioannina, Greece
| | - Nikos Triantafyllou
- First Department of Neurology, "Eginition" Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Athens Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ralf Gold
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
| | - Christos Krogias
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
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Kuchling J, Sinnecker T, Bozin I, Dörr J, Madai VI, Sobesky J, Niendorf T, Paul F, Wuerfel J. [Ultrahigh field MRI in context of neurological diseases]. DER NERVENARZT 2014; 85:445-58. [PMID: 24549692 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-013-3967-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ultrahigh field magnetic resonance imaging (UHF-MRI) has recently gained substantial scientific interest. At field strengths of 7 Tesla (T) and higher UHF-MRI provides unprecedented spatial resolution due to an increased signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The UHF-MRI method has been successfully applied in various neurological disorders. In neuroinflammatory diseases UHF-MRI has already provided a detailed insight into individual pathological disease processes and elucidated differential diagnoses of several disease entities, e.g. multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and Susac's syndrome. The excellent depiction of normal blood vessels, vessel abnormalities and infarct morphology by UHF-MRI can be utilized in vascular diseases. Detailed imaging of the hippocampus in Alzheimer's disease and the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease as well as sensitivity to iron depositions could be valuable in neurodegenerative diseases. Current UHF-MRI studies still suffer from small sample sizes, selection bias or propensity to image artefacts. In addition, the increasing clinical relevance of 3T-MRI has not been sufficiently appreciated in previous studies. Although UHF-MRI is only available at a small number of medical research centers it could provide a high-end diagnostic tool for healthcare optimization in the foreseeable future. The potential of UHF-MRI still has to be carefully validated by profound prospective research to define its place in future medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kuchling
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
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Siddiqui AH, Zivadinov R, Benedict RHB, Karmon Y, Yu J, Hartney ML, Marr KL, Valnarov V, Kennedy CL, Ramanathan M, Ramasamy DP, Dolic K, Hojnacki DW, Carl E, Levy EI, Hopkins LN, Weinstock-Guttman B. Prospective randomized trial of venous angioplasty in MS (PREMiSe). Neurology 2014; 83:441-9. [PMID: 24975855 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000000638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We report the results of the investigation of safety and efficacy of venous angioplasty in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) with findings of extracranial venous anomalies, considered hallmarks of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI), in a 2-phase study (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01450072). METHODS Phase 1 was an open-label safety study (10 patients); phase 2 was sham-controlled, randomized, and double-blind (10 sham procedure, 9 treated). All study patients fulfilled venous hemodynamic screening criteria indicative of CCSVI. Assessment was at 1, 3, and 6 months postprocedure with MRI, clinical, and hemodynamic outcomes. Primary endpoints were safety at 24 hours and 1 month, venous outflow restoration >75% at 1 month, and effect of angioplasty on new lesion activity and relapse rate over 6 months. Secondary endpoints included changes in disability, brain volume, cognitive tests, and quality of life. RESULTS No perioperative complications were noted; however, one patient with history of syncope was diagnosed with episodic bradycardia requiring placement of a pacemaker before discharge. Doppler evidence-based venous hemodynamic insufficiency severity score (VHISS) was reduced >75% compared to baseline in phase 1 (at 1 month) but not phase 2. In phase 2, higher MRI activity (cumulative number of new contrast-enhancing lesions [19 vs 3, p = 0.062] and new T2 lesions [17 vs 3, p = 0.066]) and relapse activity (4 vs 1, p = 0.389) were identified as nonsignificant trends in the treated vs sham arm over 6 months. Using analysis of covariance, significant cumulative new T2 lesions were related to larger VHISS decrease (p = 0.028) and angioplasty (p = 0.01) over the follow-up. No differences in other endpoints were detected. CONCLUSION Venous angioplasty is not an effective treatment for MS over the short term and may exacerbate underlying disease activity. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This is a Class I study demonstrating that clinical and imaging outcomes are no better or worse in patients with MS identified with venous outflow restriction who receive venous angioplasty compared to sham controls who do not receive angioplasty. This study also includes a Class IV phase 1 study of safety in 10 patients receiving the angioplasty procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan H Siddiqui
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology, The Jacobs Neurological Institute (A.H.S., Y.K., M.L.H., E.I.L., L.N.H.), and the Departments of Neurology (R.Z., R.H.B.B., D.W.H., B.W.-G.), Biostatistics (J.Y.), and Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.R.), University at Buffalo, State University of New York; and the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.L.M., V.V., C.L.K., D.P.R., K.D., E.C.), NY.
| | - Robert Zivadinov
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology, The Jacobs Neurological Institute (A.H.S., Y.K., M.L.H., E.I.L., L.N.H.), and the Departments of Neurology (R.Z., R.H.B.B., D.W.H., B.W.-G.), Biostatistics (J.Y.), and Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.R.), University at Buffalo, State University of New York; and the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.L.M., V.V., C.L.K., D.P.R., K.D., E.C.), NY.
| | - Ralph H B Benedict
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology, The Jacobs Neurological Institute (A.H.S., Y.K., M.L.H., E.I.L., L.N.H.), and the Departments of Neurology (R.Z., R.H.B.B., D.W.H., B.W.-G.), Biostatistics (J.Y.), and Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.R.), University at Buffalo, State University of New York; and the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.L.M., V.V., C.L.K., D.P.R., K.D., E.C.), NY
| | - Yuval Karmon
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology, The Jacobs Neurological Institute (A.H.S., Y.K., M.L.H., E.I.L., L.N.H.), and the Departments of Neurology (R.Z., R.H.B.B., D.W.H., B.W.-G.), Biostatistics (J.Y.), and Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.R.), University at Buffalo, State University of New York; and the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.L.M., V.V., C.L.K., D.P.R., K.D., E.C.), NY
| | - Jihnhee Yu
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology, The Jacobs Neurological Institute (A.H.S., Y.K., M.L.H., E.I.L., L.N.H.), and the Departments of Neurology (R.Z., R.H.B.B., D.W.H., B.W.-G.), Biostatistics (J.Y.), and Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.R.), University at Buffalo, State University of New York; and the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.L.M., V.V., C.L.K., D.P.R., K.D., E.C.), NY
| | - Mary L Hartney
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology, The Jacobs Neurological Institute (A.H.S., Y.K., M.L.H., E.I.L., L.N.H.), and the Departments of Neurology (R.Z., R.H.B.B., D.W.H., B.W.-G.), Biostatistics (J.Y.), and Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.R.), University at Buffalo, State University of New York; and the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.L.M., V.V., C.L.K., D.P.R., K.D., E.C.), NY
| | - Karen L Marr
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology, The Jacobs Neurological Institute (A.H.S., Y.K., M.L.H., E.I.L., L.N.H.), and the Departments of Neurology (R.Z., R.H.B.B., D.W.H., B.W.-G.), Biostatistics (J.Y.), and Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.R.), University at Buffalo, State University of New York; and the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.L.M., V.V., C.L.K., D.P.R., K.D., E.C.), NY
| | - Vesela Valnarov
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology, The Jacobs Neurological Institute (A.H.S., Y.K., M.L.H., E.I.L., L.N.H.), and the Departments of Neurology (R.Z., R.H.B.B., D.W.H., B.W.-G.), Biostatistics (J.Y.), and Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.R.), University at Buffalo, State University of New York; and the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.L.M., V.V., C.L.K., D.P.R., K.D., E.C.), NY
| | - Cheryl L Kennedy
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology, The Jacobs Neurological Institute (A.H.S., Y.K., M.L.H., E.I.L., L.N.H.), and the Departments of Neurology (R.Z., R.H.B.B., D.W.H., B.W.-G.), Biostatistics (J.Y.), and Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.R.), University at Buffalo, State University of New York; and the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.L.M., V.V., C.L.K., D.P.R., K.D., E.C.), NY
| | - Murali Ramanathan
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology, The Jacobs Neurological Institute (A.H.S., Y.K., M.L.H., E.I.L., L.N.H.), and the Departments of Neurology (R.Z., R.H.B.B., D.W.H., B.W.-G.), Biostatistics (J.Y.), and Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.R.), University at Buffalo, State University of New York; and the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.L.M., V.V., C.L.K., D.P.R., K.D., E.C.), NY
| | - Deepa P Ramasamy
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology, The Jacobs Neurological Institute (A.H.S., Y.K., M.L.H., E.I.L., L.N.H.), and the Departments of Neurology (R.Z., R.H.B.B., D.W.H., B.W.-G.), Biostatistics (J.Y.), and Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.R.), University at Buffalo, State University of New York; and the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.L.M., V.V., C.L.K., D.P.R., K.D., E.C.), NY
| | - Kresimir Dolic
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology, The Jacobs Neurological Institute (A.H.S., Y.K., M.L.H., E.I.L., L.N.H.), and the Departments of Neurology (R.Z., R.H.B.B., D.W.H., B.W.-G.), Biostatistics (J.Y.), and Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.R.), University at Buffalo, State University of New York; and the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.L.M., V.V., C.L.K., D.P.R., K.D., E.C.), NY
| | - David W Hojnacki
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology, The Jacobs Neurological Institute (A.H.S., Y.K., M.L.H., E.I.L., L.N.H.), and the Departments of Neurology (R.Z., R.H.B.B., D.W.H., B.W.-G.), Biostatistics (J.Y.), and Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.R.), University at Buffalo, State University of New York; and the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.L.M., V.V., C.L.K., D.P.R., K.D., E.C.), NY
| | - Ellen Carl
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology, The Jacobs Neurological Institute (A.H.S., Y.K., M.L.H., E.I.L., L.N.H.), and the Departments of Neurology (R.Z., R.H.B.B., D.W.H., B.W.-G.), Biostatistics (J.Y.), and Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.R.), University at Buffalo, State University of New York; and the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.L.M., V.V., C.L.K., D.P.R., K.D., E.C.), NY
| | - Elad I Levy
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology, The Jacobs Neurological Institute (A.H.S., Y.K., M.L.H., E.I.L., L.N.H.), and the Departments of Neurology (R.Z., R.H.B.B., D.W.H., B.W.-G.), Biostatistics (J.Y.), and Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.R.), University at Buffalo, State University of New York; and the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.L.M., V.V., C.L.K., D.P.R., K.D., E.C.), NY
| | - L Nelson Hopkins
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology, The Jacobs Neurological Institute (A.H.S., Y.K., M.L.H., E.I.L., L.N.H.), and the Departments of Neurology (R.Z., R.H.B.B., D.W.H., B.W.-G.), Biostatistics (J.Y.), and Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.R.), University at Buffalo, State University of New York; and the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.L.M., V.V., C.L.K., D.P.R., K.D., E.C.), NY
| | - Bianca Weinstock-Guttman
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology, The Jacobs Neurological Institute (A.H.S., Y.K., M.L.H., E.I.L., L.N.H.), and the Departments of Neurology (R.Z., R.H.B.B., D.W.H., B.W.-G.), Biostatistics (J.Y.), and Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.R.), University at Buffalo, State University of New York; and the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.L.M., V.V., C.L.K., D.P.R., K.D., E.C.), NY
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Ghezzi A. Funding CCSVI research is/was a waste of valuable time, money and intellectual energy: yes. Mult Scler 2014; 19:855-7. [PMID: 23712524 DOI: 10.1177/1352458513479825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Ghezzi
- Ospedale di Gallarate, Centro Studi Sclerosi Multipla, Via Pastori 4, Gallarate 21013, Italy.
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11
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Traboulsee AL, Knox KB, Machan L, Zhao Y, Yee I, Rauscher A, Klass D, Szkup P, Otani R, Kopriva D, Lala S, Li DK, Sadovnick D. Prevalence of extracranial venous narrowing on catheter venography in people with multiple sclerosis, their siblings, and unrelated healthy controls: a blinded, case-control study. Lancet 2014; 383:138-45. [PMID: 24119384 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61747-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency has been proposed as a unique combination of extracranial venous blockages and haemodynamic flow abnormalities that occurs only in patients with multiple sclerosis and not in healthy people. Initial reports indicated that all patients with multiple sclerosis had chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency. We aimed to establish the prevalence of venous narrowing in people with multiple sclerosis, unaffected full siblings, and unrelated healthy volunteers. METHODS We did an assessor-blinded, case-control, multicentre study of people with multiple sclerosis, unaffected siblings, and unrelated healthy volunteers. We enrolled the study participants between January, 2011 and March, 2012, and they comprised 177 adults: 79 with multiple sclerosis, 55 siblings, and 43 unrelated controls, from three centres in Canada. We assessed narrowing of the internal jugular and azygous veins with catheter venography and ultrasound criteria for chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency proposed by Zamboni and colleagues. Catheter venography data were available for 149 participants and ultrasound data for 171 participants. FINDINGS Catheter venography criteria for chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency were positive for one of 65 (2%) people with multiple sclerosis, one of 46 (2%) siblings, and one of 32 (3%) unrelated controls (p=1·0 for all comparisons). Greater than 50% narrowing of any major vein was present in 48 of 65 (74%) people with multiple sclerosis, 31 of 47 (66%) siblings (p=0·41 for comparison with patients with multiple sclerosis), and 26 of 37 (70%) unrelated controls (p=0·82). The ultrasound criteria for chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency were fulfilled in 35 of 79 (44%) participants with multiple sclerosis, 17 of 54 (31%) siblings (p=0·15 for comparison with patients with multiple sclerosis) and 17 of 38 (45%) unrelated controls (p=0·98). The sensitivity of the ultrasound criteria for detection of greater than 50% narrowing on catheter venography was 0·406 (95% CI 0·311-0·508), and specificity was 0·643 (0·480-0·780). INTERPRETATION This study shows that chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency occurs rarely in both patients with multiple sclerosis and in healthy people. Extracranial venous narrowing of greater than 50% is a frequent finding in patients with multiple sclerosis, unaffected siblings, and unrelated controls. The ultrasound criteria are neither sensitive nor specific for narrowing on catheter venography. The significance of venous narrowing to multiple sclerosis symptomatology remains unknown. FUNDING MS Society of Canada, Saskatoon City Hospital Foundation, Lotte and John Hecht Memorial Foundation, Vancouver Coastal Health Foundation, and the Wolridge Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katherine B Knox
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Lindsay Machan
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yinshan Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Irene Yee
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alexander Rauscher
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Darren Klass
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Peter Szkup
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Robert Otani
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - David Kopriva
- Department of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Shanti Lala
- Department of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - David K Li
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dessa Sadovnick
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Zivadinov R, Chung CP. Potential involvement of the extracranial venous system in central nervous system disorders and aging. BMC Med 2013; 11:260. [PMID: 24344742 PMCID: PMC3866257 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-11-260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of the extracranial venous system in the pathology of central nervous system (CNS) disorders and aging is largely unknown. It is acknowledged that the development of the venous system is subject to many variations and that these variations do not necessarily represent pathological findings. The idea has been changing with regards to the extracranial venous system. DISCUSSION A range of extracranial venous abnormalities have recently been reported, which could be classified as structural/morphological, hemodynamic/functional and those determined only by the composite criteria and use of multimodal imaging. The presence of these abnormalities usually disrupts normal blood flow and is associated with the development of prominent collateral circulation. The etiology of these abnormalities may be related to embryologic developmental arrest, aging or other comorbidities. Several CNS disorders have been linked to the presence and severity of jugular venous reflux. Another composite criteria-based vascular condition named chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) was recently introduced. CCSVI is characterized by abnormalities of the main extracranial cerebrospinal venous outflow routes that may interfere with normal venous outflow. SUMMARY Additional research is needed to better define the role of the extracranial venous system in relation to CNS disorders and aging. The use of endovascular treatment for the correction of these extracranial venous abnormalities should be discouraged, until potential benefit is demonstrated in properly-designed, blinded, randomized and controlled clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Zivadinov
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency in multiple sclerosis: dichotomy between subjective and objective outcome scores. Neurol Sci 2013; 34:2205-10. [PMID: 23660636 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-013-1450-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Some multiple sclerosis (MS) patients reported an improvement after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) for chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI), despite the lack of correspondence with objective outcome scores. The objective was to assess neurologic and quality of life scores before and after PTA for CCSVI in an observational study after a self-decided approach. 44 consecutive MS patients (21/23 M/F; median age 43 years, SD 9.8) who underwent PTA were evaluated before endovascular treatment for CCSVI and after 12 months. Neurologic outcome was assessed with EDSS, the annualized relapse rate (ARR) and frequency of new lesions at MRI after PTA. Quality of life was evaluated through the MSQoL-54 questionnaire. No modification in the ARR (p = 0.829), worsening of disability status (p = 0.002) and new lesions at MRI in 29.6 % of patients were found, in contrast to an improvement both in physical and mental domains of MSQoL-54 (p = 0.003). Multiple logistic regression showed EDSS score before PTA to be predictor of an increase of >10 points in MSQoL-54 mental domain (OR 0.52, 95 % CI, 0.31-0.89, p = 0.018). Spontaneously performed approach to CCSVI does not improve clinical and MRI parameters, despite frequent subjective perception of quality of life improvement.
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Ghezzi A, Annovazzi P, Cocco E, Coarelli G, Lugaresi A, Rovaris M, Patti F, Capello E, Rodegher ME, Moiola L, Malucchi S, Salemi G, De Rossi N, Provinciali L, Perini P, Bergamaschi R, Scarpini E, Lus G, Gallo A, Tola MR, Amato MP, Rottoli MR, Bianchi A, Comi G. Endovascular treatment of CCSVI in patients with multiple sclerosis: clinical outcome of 462 cases. Neurol Sci 2013; 34:1633-7. [PMID: 23354606 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-013-1300-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although it is still debated whether chronic cerebro-spinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) plays a role in multiple sclerosis (MS) development, many patients underwent endovascular treatment (ET) of CCSVI. The objective of the study is to evaluate the outcome and safety of ET in Italian MS patients. Italian MS centers that are part of the Italian MS Study Group were all invited to participate to this retrospective study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect detailed clinical data before and after the ET. Data from 462 patients were collected in 33 centers. ET consisted of balloon dilatation (93 % of cases) or stent application. The mean follow-up duration after ET was 31 weeks. Mean EDSS remained unchanged after ET (5.2 vs. 4.9), 144 relapses occurred in 98/462 cases (21 %), mainly in RR-MS patients. Fifteen severe adverse events were recorded in 3.2 % of cases. Given the risk of severe adverse events and the lack of objective beneficial effects, our findings confirm that at present ET should not be recommended to patients with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ghezzi
- Centro Studi Sclerosi Multipla, Ospedale di Gallarate, Gallarate, Italy,
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