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Tüzün E. Immunopathological Factors Associated with Disability in Multiple Sclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:S26-S30. [PMID: 30692851 DOI: 10.29399/npa.23303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In multiple sclerosis (MS), disability occurs as a result of complex interactions between glial cells and diverse components of acquired immunity. Microglial cells significantly contribute to disability progression by re-activating infiltrating lymphocytes, releasing neuro- and oligodendrocytotoxic mediators, inducing oxidative stress, and interfering with neuroplasticity. Recent research has emphasized the significance of meningeal B cell infiltrates in development of cognitive decline and disability. B cells are also involved in disability progression by way of production of neurotoxic antibodies directed against axoglial antigens. Among several immunological factors, neurofilament light chain antibodies, IgM-type oligoclonal bands, complement factor C3, and microglia-derived mediators stick out as potential reliable predictors of disability progression in MS patients. Better understanding of the interactions between innate immunity and neuroaxonal degeneration may result in development of novel and effective therapeutics for progressive types of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdem Tüzün
- İstanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, İstanbul, Turkey
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Waller R, Woodroofe MN, Wharton SB, Ince PG, Francese S, Heath PR, Cudzich-Madry A, Thomas RH, Rounding N, Sharrack B, Simpson JE. Gene expression profiling of the astrocyte transcriptome in multiple sclerosis normal appearing white matter reveals a neuroprotective role. J Neuroimmunol 2016; 299:139-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Schneider R, Koop B, Schröter F, Cline J, Ingwersen J, Berndt C, Hartung HP, Aktas O, Prozorovski T. Activation of Wnt signaling promotes hippocampal neurogenesis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Mol Neurodegener 2016; 11:53. [PMID: 27480121 PMCID: PMC4969720 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-016-0117-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Disease progression in multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), as one of its animal models, is characterized by demyelination and neuronal damage in white and gray matter structures, including the hippocampus. It is thought that dysfunction of the hippocampus, a primary locus of learning and memory consolidation, may contribute to cognitive impairment in MS patients. Previously, we reported an increased generation of hippocampal neuronal progenitors in the acute stage of EAE, whereas the microenvironmental signals triggering this process remained uninvestigated. Results In the present study, we used the Wnt signaling reporter mouse Axin2LacZ, to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the activation of the hippocampal neurogenic niche upon autoimmune neuroinflammation. Histological and enzymatic examinations of β-gal during the disease course of EAE, allowed us to survey hippocampal Wnt/β-catenin activity, one of the key signaling pathways of adult neurogenesis. We found that Wnt signaling is transiently upregulated in the acute stage of disease, consistent with a timely induction of canonical Wnt ligands. The enhancement of signaling coincided with hippocampal neuronal damage and local expression of immune cytokines such as TNFα and IFNγ, implicating the role of the inflammatory milieu in activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Supporting this finding, we show that transient exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα triggers Wnt signaling in hippocampal organotypic slice cultures. Importantly, inflammation-mediated activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway was associated with enhanced neurogenesis in vitro and in vivo, indicating its potential role in hippocampal tissue regeneration and repair. Conclusions This study raises the possibility that enhancement of Wnt signaling may support neurogenic processes to cope with neuronal deficits upon immune-mediated neuroinflammation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13024-016-0117-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiner Schneider
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Merowingerplatz 1a, Moorenstr.5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Barbara Koop
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Merowingerplatz 1a, Moorenstr.5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Friederike Schröter
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Merowingerplatz 1a, Moorenstr.5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Present address: Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jason Cline
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Merowingerplatz 1a, Moorenstr.5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens Ingwersen
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Merowingerplatz 1a, Moorenstr.5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Carsten Berndt
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Merowingerplatz 1a, Moorenstr.5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hartung
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Merowingerplatz 1a, Moorenstr.5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Orhan Aktas
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Merowingerplatz 1a, Moorenstr.5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Tim Prozorovski
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Merowingerplatz 1a, Moorenstr.5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Yip L, Fathman CG. Type 1 diabetes in mice and men: gene expression profiling to investigate disease pathogenesis. Immunol Res 2015; 58:340-50. [PMID: 24682832 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-014-8501-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a complex polygenic disease that is triggered by various environmental factors in genetically susceptible individuals. The emphasis placed on genome-wide association studies to explain the genetics of T1D has failed to advance our understanding of T1D pathogenesis or identify biomarkers of disease progression or therapeutic targets. Using the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of T1D and the non-disease prone congenic NOD.B10 mice, our laboratory demonstrated striking tissue-specific and age-dependent changes in gene expression during disease progression. We established a "roadmap" of differential gene expression and used this to identify candidate genes in mice (and human orthologs) that play a role in disease pathology. Here, we describe two genes, Deformed epidermal autoregulatory factor 1 (Deaf1) and Adenosine A1 receptor (Adora1), that are differentially expressed and alternatively spliced in the pancreatic lymph nodes or islets of NOD mice and T1D patients to form dominant-negative non-functional isoforms. Loss of Deaf1 function leads to reduced peripheral tissue antigen expression in lymph node stromal cells and may contribute to a breakdown in peripheral tolerance, while reduced Adora1 function results in an early intrinsic alpha cell defect that may explain the hyperglucagonemia and resulting beta cell stress observed prior to the onset of diabetes. Remarkably, both genes were also alternatively spliced in the same tissues of auto-antibody positive prediabetic patients, and these splicing events resulted in similar downstream effects as those seen in NOD mice. These findings demonstrate the value of gene expression profiling in studying disease pathogenesis in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Yip
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Drive, CCSR Room 2225, Stanford, CA, 94305-5166, USA
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