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Wright AE, Nishiyama S, Han P, Kong P, Levy M. Administration methods and dosage of poly(lactic acid)-glycol intervention to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced experimental autoimmune encephalitis mice. BMC Neurosci 2024; 25:16. [PMID: 38468222 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-024-00859-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated disorders (MOGAD) is an autoimmune central nervous system disease. Antigen-specific immune tolerance using nanoparticles such as Polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) have recently been used as a new therapeutic tolerization approach for CNS autoimmune diseases. We examined whether MOG1-125 conjugated with PLGA could induce MOG-specific immune tolerance in an experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) mouse model. EAE was induced in sixty C57BL/6 J wild-type mice using MOG1-125 peptide with complete Freund's Adjuvant. The mice were divided into 12 groups (n = 5 each) to test the ability of MOG1-125 conjugated PLGA intervention to mitigate the severity or improve the outcomes from EAE with and without rapamycin compared to antigen alone or PLGA alone. EAE score and serum MOG-IgG titers were compared among the interventions.Kindly check and confirm the processed Affiliation “4” is appropriate.I confirmed the Aff 4.Affiliation: Corresponding author information have been changed to present affiliation. Kindly check and confirm.I checked and confirmed the Corresponding author's information. RESULTS Mice with EAE that were injected intraperitoneally with MOG1-125 conjugated PLGA + rapamycin complex showed dose-dependent mitigation of EAE score. Intraperitoneal and intravenous administration resulted in similar clinical outcomes, whereas 80% of mice treated with subcutaneous injection had a recurrence of clinical score worsening after approximately 1 week. Although there was no significant difference in EAE scores between unconjugated-PLGA and MOG-conjugated PLGA, serum MOG-IgG tended to decrease in the MOG-conjugated PLGA group compared to controls. CONCLUSION Intraperitoneal administration of PLGA resulted in dose-dependent and longer-lasting immune tolerance than subcutaneous administration. The induction of immune tolerance using PLGA may represent a future therapeutic option for patients with MOGAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Wright
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuhei Nishiyama
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- , Cambridge, USA.
| | | | | | - Michael Levy
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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2
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Eliseeva DD, Zakharova MN. Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein as an Autoantigen in Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases of the Central Nervous System. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:551-563. [PMID: 37080940 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923040107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system are caused by an autoimmune attack on the myelin sheath surrounding axons. Myelin structural proteins become antigenic, leading to the development of myelin lesions. The use of highly specialized laboratory diagnostic techniques for identification of specific antibodies directed against myelin components can significantly improve diagnostic approaches. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) currently includes demyelinating syndromes with known antigens. Based on the demonstrated pathogenic role of human IgG against MOG, MOGAD was classified as a distinct nosological entity. However, generation of multiple MOG isoforms by alternative splicing hinders antigen detection even with the most advanced immunofluorescence techniques. On the other hand, MOG conformational changes ensure the structural integrity of other myelin proteins and maintain human-specific mechanisms of immune autotolerance.
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3
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Boziki M, Theotokis P, Kesidou E, Karafoulidou E, Konstantinou C, Michailidou I, Bahar Y, Altintas A, Grigoriadis N. Sex, aging and immunity in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: An intriguing interaction. Front Neurol 2023; 13:1104552. [PMID: 36698908 PMCID: PMC9869255 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1104552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with a profound neurodegenerative component early in the disease pathogenesis. Age is a factor with a well-described effect on the primary disease phenotype, namely, the relapsing-remitting vs. the primary progressive disease. Moreover, aging is a prominent factor contributing to the transition from relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) to secondary progressive disease. However, sex also seems to, at least in part, dictate disease phenotype and evolution, as evidenced in humans and in animal models of the disease. Sex-specific gene expression profiles have recently elucidated an association with differential immunological signatures in the context of experimental disease. This review aims to summarize current knowledge stemming from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) models regarding the effects of sex, either independently or as a factor combined with aging, on disease phenotype, with relevance to the immune system and the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Boziki
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Neurological University Department, AHEPA General Hospital of Thessaloniki, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paschalis Theotokis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Neurological University Department, AHEPA General Hospital of Thessaloniki, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelia Kesidou
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Neurological University Department, AHEPA General Hospital of Thessaloniki, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Karafoulidou
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Neurological University Department, AHEPA General Hospital of Thessaloniki, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Chrystalla Konstantinou
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Neurological University Department, AHEPA General Hospital of Thessaloniki, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Iliana Michailidou
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Neurological University Department, AHEPA General Hospital of Thessaloniki, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Ayse Altintas
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Neurological University Department, AHEPA General Hospital of Thessaloniki, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece,*Correspondence: Nikolaos Grigoriadis ✉
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4
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Oveland E, Ahmad I, Lereim RR, Kroksveen AC, Barsnes H, Guldbrandsen A, Myhr KM, Bø L, Berven FS, Wergeland S. Cuprizone and EAE mouse frontal cortex proteomics revealed proteins altered in multiple sclerosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7174. [PMID: 33785790 PMCID: PMC8010076 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86191-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Two pathophysiological different experimental models for multiple sclerosis were analyzed in parallel using quantitative proteomics in attempts to discover protein alterations applicable as diagnostic-, prognostic-, or treatment targets in human disease. The cuprizone model reflects de- and remyelination in multiple sclerosis, and the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE, MOG1-125) immune-mediated events. The frontal cortex, peripheral to severely inflicted areas in the CNS, was dissected and analyzed. The frontal cortex had previously not been characterized by proteomics at different disease stages, and novel protein alterations involved in protecting healthy tissue and assisting repair of inflicted areas might be discovered. Using TMT-labelling and mass spectrometry, 1871 of the proteins quantified overlapped between the two experimental models, and the fold change compared to controls was verified using label-free proteomics. Few similarities in frontal cortex between the two disease models were observed when regulated proteins and signaling pathways were compared. Legumain and C1Q complement proteins were among the most upregulated proteins in cuprizone and hemopexin in the EAE model. Immunohistochemistry showed that legumain expression in post-mortem multiple sclerosis brain tissue (n = 19) was significantly higher in the center and at the edge of white matter active and chronic active lesions. Legumain was associated with increased lesion activity and might be valuable as a drug target using specific inhibitors as already suggested for Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of legumain, C1q and hemopexin were not significantly different between multiple sclerosis patients, other neurological diseases, or healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eystein Oveland
- Proteomics Unit, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen (PROBE), Bergen, Norway
| | - Intakhar Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 65, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ragnhild Reehorst Lereim
- Proteomics Unit, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen (PROBE), Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ann Cathrine Kroksveen
- Proteomics Unit, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen (PROBE), Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Harald Barsnes
- Proteomics Unit, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen (PROBE), Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Astrid Guldbrandsen
- Proteomics Unit, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen (PROBE), Bergen, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 65, 5021, Bergen, Norway
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kjell-Morten Myhr
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars Bø
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 65, 5021, Bergen, Norway
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Frode S Berven
- Proteomics Unit, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen (PROBE), Bergen, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 65, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stig Wergeland
- Department of Neurology, Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 65, 5021, Bergen, Norway.
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
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5
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Jayananth P, Madhumitha R, Ramya L. Imperative role of glycosylation in human MOG-HLA interaction: molecular insights of MOG-Ab associated demyelination. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:7027-7037. [PMID: 33663341 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1893816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein is a transmembrane protein found on the outer lamella of the myelin sheath. The autoimmune attack on the MOG leads to demyelination which differs from normal multiple sclerosis. MOG has three epitope regions MOG1-22, MOG35-55, and MOG92-106 in the extracellular region, and the crucial MOG35-55 epitope and Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) interaction is the initial step for autoantibody generation. To study the effective role of glycosylation in MOG-HLA interaction, we performed molecular dynamics simulations of the complex where HLA interacts with three MOG epitopes both in the absence and presence of glycan. The results projected that the epitope MOG1-22 is decisive for the HLA interaction in the absence of glycan and HLA interacts with the epitope MOG35-55 irrespective of glycan existence. The residues Arg9, Arg46, and Arg66 were found to interact strongly with HLA even in the presence of glycan. The glycan increased the flexibility of hMOG and enhanced the interaction of MOG with water molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jayananth
- Computational and Molecular Biophysics Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - R Madhumitha
- Computational and Molecular Biophysics Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - L Ramya
- Computational and Molecular Biophysics Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India
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6
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Ramya L. Role of N-glycan in the structural changes of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein and its complex with an antibody. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:1649-1658. [PMID: 31057084 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1614999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG) is found on the external surface of the myelin sheath and plays an important role in neurodegenerative diseases. It was observed that the protein MOG acts as an autoantigen and results in demyelination. The cause for the sudden change of protein to be autoantigen is still unclear. Here we present the molecular dynamics simulation studies of MOG in both unbound and bound states with an antibody. Both these systems were studied in the absence and presence of N-glycan in order to understand the effect of glycosylation in the MOG conformational changes. The results indicate that the glycosylation decreases the flexibility of protein in both free and bound states. Glycan influence the interaction of the complex with the water molecules whereas free protein MOG interaction with water molecules was not affected by the glycosylation. Glycan changes the 310 helices adjacent to the antibody interacting epitope MOG35-55 to turns.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ramya
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India
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7
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Molecular dynamics at the receptor level of immunodominant myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55 epitope implicated in multiple sclerosis. J Mol Graph Model 2016; 68:78-86. [PMID: 27388119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a common autoimmune disease whereby myelin is destroyed by the immune system. The disease is triggered by the stimulation of encephalitogenic T-cells via the formation of a trimolecular complex between the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA), an immunodominant epitope of myelin proteins and T-cell Receptor (TCR). Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG) is located on the external surface of myelin and has been implicated in MS induction. The immunodominant 35-55 epitope of MOG is widely used for in vivo biological evaluation and immunological studies that are related with chronic Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE, animal model of MS), inflammatory diseases and MS. In this report, Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations were used to explore the interactions of MOG35-55 at the receptor level. A detailed mapping of the developed interactions during the creation of the trimolecular complex is reported. This is the first attempt to gain an understanding of the molecular recognition of the MOG35-55 epitope by the HLA and TCR receptors. During the formation of the trimolecular complex, the residues Arg(41) and Arg(46) of MOG35-55 have been confirmed to serve as TCR anchors while Tyr(40) interacts with HLA. The present structural findings indicate that the Arg at positions 41 and 46 is a key residue for the stimulation of the encephalitogenic T-cells.
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8
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Grifka-Walk HM, Segal BM. T-bet promotes the accumulation of encephalitogenic Th17 cells in the CNS. J Neuroimmunol 2016; 304:35-39. [PMID: 27242075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
T-bet enhances the encephalitogenicity of myelin-reactive CD4+ T cells, however its mechanism of action is unknown. In this study we show that T-bet confers a competitive advantage for the accumulation of IL-23 conditioned Th17 effector cells in the central nervous system (CNS). Impaired migration of T-bet deficient Th17 cells to the CNS is associated with altered expression of adhesion molecules and chemokine receptors on their cell surface. Our data suggest that therapeutic targeting of T-bet in individuals with Th17-mediated autoimmune demyelinating disease may inhibit inflammatory infiltration of the CNS and, hence, clinical exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Grifka-Walk
- Holtom-Garrett Program in Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, 4014-B BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA; Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, 100 Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Benjamin M Segal
- Holtom-Garrett Program in Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, 4014-B BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA; Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, 100 Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Neurology Service, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, 2215 Fuller Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
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9
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Khorooshi R, Mørch MT, Holm TH, Berg CT, Dieu RT, Dræby D, Issazadeh-Navikas S, Weiss S, Lienenklaus S, Owens T. Induction of endogenous Type I interferon within the central nervous system plays a protective role in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Acta Neuropathol 2015; 130:107-18. [PMID: 25869642 PMCID: PMC4469095 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-015-1418-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The Type I interferons (IFN), beta (IFN-β) and the alpha family (IFN-α), act through a common receptor and have anti-inflammatory effects. IFN-β is used to treat multiple sclerosis (MS) and is effective against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for MS. Mice with EAE show elevated levels of Type I IFNs in the central nervous system (CNS), suggesting a role for endogenous Type I IFN during inflammation. However, the therapeutic benefit of Type I IFN produced in the CNS remains to be established. The aim of this study was to examine whether experimentally induced CNS-endogenous Type I IFN influences EAE. Using IFN-β reporter mice, we showed that direct administration of polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), a potent inducer of IFN-β, into the cerebrospinal fluid induced increased leukocyte numbers and transient upregulation of IFN-β in CD45/CD11b-positive cells located in the meninges and choroid plexus, as well as enhanced IFN-β expression by parenchymal microglial cells. Intrathecal injection of poly I:C to mice showing first symptoms of EAE substantially increased the normal disease-associated expression of IFN-α, IFN-β, interferon regulatory factor-7 and IL-10 in CNS, and disease worsening was prevented for as long as IFN-α/β was expressed. In contrast, there was no therapeutic effect on EAE in poly I:C-treated IFN receptor-deficient mice. IFN-dependent microglial and astrocyte response included production of the chemokine CXCL10. These results show that Type I IFN induced within the CNS can play a protective role in EAE and highlight the role of endogenous type I IFN in mediating neuroprotection.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Astrocytes/drug effects
- Astrocytes/immunology
- Astrocytes/pathology
- Brain/drug effects
- Brain/immunology
- Brain/pathology
- Chemokine CXCL10/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/drug therapy
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Interferon-alpha/genetics
- Interferon-alpha/metabolism
- Interferon-beta/genetics
- Interferon-beta/metabolism
- Leukocytes/drug effects
- Leukocytes/pathology
- Leukocytes/physiology
- Meninges/drug effects
- Meninges/immunology
- Meninges/pathology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Microglia/drug effects
- Microglia/pathology
- Microglia/physiology
- Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology
- Poly I-C/pharmacology
- Random Allocation
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/metabolism
- Spinal Cord/drug effects
- Spinal Cord/immunology
- Spinal Cord/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Khorooshi
- />Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloewsvej 25, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Marlene Thorsen Mørch
- />Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloewsvej 25, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Thomas Hellesøe Holm
- />Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloewsvej 25, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
- />Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Carsten Tue Berg
- />Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloewsvej 25, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Ruthe Truong Dieu
- />Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloewsvej 25, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Dina Dræby
- />Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloewsvej 25, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | | | - Siegfried Weiss
- />Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Lienenklaus
- />Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Trevor Owens
- />Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloewsvej 25, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
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Mony JT, Khorooshi R, Owens T. Chemokine receptor expression by inflammatory T cells in EAE. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:187. [PMID: 25071447 PMCID: PMC4081975 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines direct cellular infiltration to tissues, and their receptors and signaling pathways represent targets for therapy in diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). The chemokine CCL20 is expressed in choroid plexus, a site of entry of T cells to the central nervous system (CNS). The CCL20 receptor CCR6 has been reported to be selectively expressed by CD4(+) T cells that produce the cytokine IL-17 (Th17 cells). Th17 cells and interferon-gamma (IFNγ)-producing Th1 cells are implicated in induction of MS and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We have assessed whether CCR6 identifies specific inflammatory T cell subsets in EAE. Our approach was to induce EAE, and then examine chemokine receptor expression by cytokine-producing T cells sorted from CNS at peak disease. About 7% of CNS-infiltrating CD4(+) T cells produced IFNγ in flow cytometric cytokine assays, whereas less than 1% produced IL-17. About 1% of CD4(+) T cells produced both cytokines. CCR6 was expressed by Th1, Th1+17 and by Th17 cells, but not by CD8(+) T cells. CD8(+) T cells expressed CXCR3, which was also expressed by CD4(+) T cells, with no correlation to cytokine profile. Messenger RNA for IFNγ, IL-17A, and the Th1 and Th17-associated transcription factors T-bet and RORγt was detected in both CCR6(+) and CXCR3(+) CD4(+) T cells. IFNγ, but not IL-17A mRNA expression was detected in CD8(+) T cells in CNS. CCR6 and CD4 were co-localized in spinal cord infiltrates by double immunofluorescence. Consistent with flow cytometry data some but not all CD4(+) T cells expressed CCR6 within infiltrates. CD4-negative CCR6(+) cells included macrophage/microglial cells. Thus we have for the first time directly studied CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the CNS of mice with peak EAE, and determined IFNγ and IL17 expression by cells expressing CCR6 and CXCR3. We show that neither CCR6 or CXCR3 align with CD4 T cell subsets, and Th1 or mixed Th1+17 predominate in EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyothi Thyagabhavan Mony
- Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark Odense, Denmark
| | - Reza Khorooshi
- Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark Odense, Denmark
| | - Trevor Owens
- Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark Odense, Denmark
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