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Hwangbo J, Oh SI. A Case of MRI-Negative Encephalomyelitis in a Patient With Long-Term Stable Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease. J Clin Neurol 2023; 19:422-424. [PMID: 37417441 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2022.0433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jinsub Hwangbo
- Department of Neurology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Seong-Il Oh
- Department of Neurology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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Levy M, Fujihara K, Palace J. New therapies for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. Lancet Neurol 2020; 20:60-67. [PMID: 33186537 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(20)30392-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder is an autoimmune disease of the CNS that primarily affects the optic nerves and spinal cord. Most patients have serum antibodies targeting the aquaporin-4 water channel expressed on the end-feet of astrocytes. Although the prevalence of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder is limited to around 1-2 people per 100 000, severe immune-mediated attacks can quickly lead to blindness and paralysis if undiagnosed and untreated. However, diagnosis is straightforward when the highly specific serum aquaporin-4 antibodies are detected with cell-based assays. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS Four randomised controlled trials have tested the efficacy of three new therapies (eculizumab, satralizumab, and inebilizumab) for patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder that all showed a benefit in preventing future attacks. These therapies have different targets within the immune pathogenic process, and the four trials have similarities and differences that mean they might change the therapeutic landscape for people with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in different ways. Efficacy, safety, tolerability, and practical considerations, including potential cost, differ for each drug and might affect the rate of use in real-world populations of patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. WHERE NEXT?: Despite the rarity of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, a relative abundance of preventive treatment options now exists. In the future, trials should focus on areas of unmet need, including aquaporin-4 seronegative disease, and on development of treatments for acute relapses and for recovery from autoimmune attacks in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Levy
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Kazuo Fujihara
- Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Koriyama, Japan; Southern Tohoku Research Institute for Neuroscience, Koriyama, Japan
| | - Jacqueline Palace
- Department of Clinical Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital and University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Breza M, Koutsis G, Tzartos JS, Velonakis G, Evangelopoulos ME, Tzanetakos D, Karagiorgou K, Angelopoulou G, Kasselimis D, Potagas C, Anagnostouli M, Stefanis L, Kilidireas C. Response to correspondence: Testing for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG-IgG) in typical MS. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019; 35:156-157. [PMID: 31376687 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2019.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marianthi Breza
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vas. Sofias 72-74, 11528 Athens, Greece.
| | - Georgios Koutsis
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vas. Sofias 72-74, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - John S Tzartos
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vas. Sofias 72-74, 11528 Athens, Greece; Tzartos Neurodiagnostics, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Velonakis
- 2nd Department of Radiology, Medical School, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Eleftheria Evangelopoulos
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vas. Sofias 72-74, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tzanetakos
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vas. Sofias 72-74, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Georgia Angelopoulou
- Neuropsychology and Speech Pathology Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kasselimis
- Neuropsychology and Speech Pathology Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
| | - Constantin Potagas
- Neuropsychology and Speech Pathology Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Anagnostouli
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vas. Sofias 72-74, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Leonidas Stefanis
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vas. Sofias 72-74, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos Kilidireas
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vas. Sofias 72-74, 11528 Athens, Greece
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