Ramo-Tello C, Blanco Y, Brieva L, Casanova B, Martínez-Cáceres E, Ontaneda D, Ramió-Torrentá L, Rovira À. Recommendations for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis Relapses.
J Pers Med 2021;
12:jpm12010006. [PMID:
35055321 PMCID:
PMC8780774 DOI:
10.3390/jpm12010006]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Minimizing the risk of relapse is essential in multiple sclerosis (MS). As none of the treatments currently available are capable of completely preventing relapses, treatment of these episodes remains a cornerstone of MS care. The objective of this manuscript is to reduce uncertainty and improve quality of care of this neurological process. This article addresses definitions of key concepts, recommendations for clinical examination, classification criteria, magnetic resonance imaging, biomarkers, and specific therapeutic counsels including special populations such as pregnant and breastfeeding women, and children. An algorithm for treating MS relapses is also provided.
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