Understanding the role of family dynamics, perceived norms, and lung cancer worry in predicting second-hand smoke avoidance among high-risk lung cancer families

Involving Family and Social Support Systems in Tobacco Cessation Treatment for Patients With Cancer

Individuals from the family and social support network of patients with cancer can have a pivotal role in reinforcing patients' efforts to become and remain tobacco-free. This support is critical along the entire continuum of cancer care. Although NCI-designated Cancer Centers across the United States are increasingly offering tobacco cessation services as a result of the NCI Cancer Center Cessation Initiative (C3I), engaging patients' family and other support network in tobacco treatment is not yet a routine practice. To facilitate the consideration and involvement of patients' social support systems (including family, peers, and non-healthcare provider caregivers), we formed the C3I Family and Social Support Systems Working Group. This paper describes the current practices and challenges among C3I cancer centers centers in engaging the support systems of patients with cancer in order to reduce tobacco use and/or secondhand smoke exposure. Building on this knowledge, this Working Group proposes a research agenda to facilitate support persons' involvement in tobacco treatment as part of oncology care. The research priorities identified include establishing (1) evidence-based strategies for engaging family and social support systems in patients' cessation efforts, (2) interventions to provide cessation treatment options to support persons, and (3) best practices to routinely identify and engage family and social support systems in patients' cessation efforts.

The Influence of Family Communication Patterns on the Processing of Messages to Increase Family Health History Seeking Intentions

The current study extends family communication patterns (FCP) research to assess how family communication schemata (conversation and conformity orientation dimensions) influence systematic processing of health appeals intended to persuade individuals to seek family health history information, emphasizing an updated conceptualization of family conformity (i.e., the expanded conformity orientation scale). Our results suggest that conversation orientation and the conformity dimension of parental control are the primary drivers of systematic processing of family health history messages. Systematic processing, in turn, was significantly associated with more positive attitudes and greater intentions to seek health information from family members. Our results suggest family communication patterns may impact individual engagement with family health history campaign messages, thus campaign designers may want to consider how best to tailor messages to match family communication characteristics.

The indirect effect of family communication patterns on young adults' health self-disclosure: Understanding the role of descriptive and injunctive norms in a test of the integrative model of behavioral prediction

Family communication patterns (FCP) are relational schema theorized to influence behaviors indirectly via cognitive processes, including perceived norms. However, relatively little is known about the indirect effect of FCP on health self-disclosure via perceived norms. We examine FCP's associations with young adults' health self-disclosure to their parents, assessing the theory of normative social behavior and the integrative model of behavioral prediction. Young adults (N = 504) completed a cross-sectional survey. Mediation analysis showed the effect of conversation orientation on health self-disclosure via communication efficacy and descriptive norms. Injunctive norms moderated the indirect effect of descriptive norms on self-disclosure. Results suggest conversation, but not conformity orientation, influenced young adults' self-disclosure, while norms and efficacy act as predominant drivers of disclosure behavior.

Reducing Children's Exposure to Passive Smoking in Rural Communities of Bangladesh: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior

BACKGROUND

Passive smoking prevalence is high in Bangladesh. We aimed to explore the association of the theory of planned behavior constructs to reduce the exposure of passive smoking among children in the rural area of Bangladesh.

STUDY DESIGN

Cross-sectional study.

METHODS

Overall, 410 adults had been taken at random following a self-administrative questionnaire. Data had been collected from six villages of Munshiganj district of Bangladesh from Jul to Oct 2018. Descriptive statistics were applied to describe socio-demographic characteristics. Inter correlations coefficient was done to observe the correlation, differences between demographic and dependent variables were assessed for significance using the Chi-square or Fisher's exact test as appropriate. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between the theory of planned behavior constructs and exposure of passive smoking among both smoker and nonsmoker groups. All results were presented as unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A P-value ≤0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

RESULTS

Attitude (OR 0.681, 95% CI: 0.498, 0.931) among smoker and intention (OR 0.226, 95% CI: 0.081, 0.633) was found statistically significant constructs (P<0.001) among non-smoker to reduce the exposure. Additionally, the prevalence of passive smoking exposure was found 36.6% (95% CI: 0.32%, 0.41%) on average 40% among males and 28.33% among females.

CONCLUSION

The theory of planned behavior constructs is useful to reduce the exposure of passive smoking among children, which may be useful in the future to design interventions of controlling passives smoking exposure.

Editor's Choice: Deliberative and non-deliberative effects of descriptive and injunctive norms on cancer screening behaviors among African Americans

Objective: Two longitudinal studies examined whether effects of subjective norms on secondary cancer prevention behaviors were stronger and more likely to non-deliberative (i.e., partially independent of behavioral intentions) for African Americans (AAs) compared to European Americans (EAs), and whether the effects were moderated by racial identity. Design: Study 1 examined between-race differences in predictors of physician communication following receipt of notifications about breast density. Study 2 examined predictors of prostate cancer screening among AA men who had not been previously screened.Main Outcome Measures: Participants' injunctive and descriptive normative perceptions; racial identity (Study 2); self-reported physician communication (Study 1) and PSA testing (Study 2) behaviors at follow up. Results: In Study 1, subjective norms were significantly associated with behaviors for AAs, but not for EAs. Moreover, there were significant non-deliberative effects of norms for AAs. In Study 2, there was further evidence of non-deliberative effects of subjective norms for AAs. Non-deliberative effects of descriptive norms were stronger for AAs who more strongly identified with their racial group. Conclusion: Subjective norms, effects of which are non-deliberative and heightened by racial identity, may be a uniquely robust predictor of secondary cancer prevention behaviors for AAs. Implications for targeted screening interventions are discussed.