Measurement invariance of the Short Wake Forest Physician Trust Scale and of the Health Empowerment Scale in German and French women

Measuring trust in one's physician: A scoping review

Trust in one's physician drives positive health practices. However, the conceptualization and subsequent operationalization of trust have become clouded due to the multitude of approaches that have resulted in several different measures with varied dimensions and indicators. The objectives of this scoping review were: 1) to discover any new developments in the measurement of trust, 2) to identify those measures of trust, whether newly created or refined in the last ten years, that have known reliability and validity, and 3) to compare those instruments' conceptualizations, dimensions, and indicators. This researcher conducted an electronic search of three databases (PubMed, SOCAB, and PsycINFO). Two reviewers screened those selected studies and identified the following six key measurement tools, of which three had shorter, more abbreviated derivatives: the Trust in Physician Scale and its modification, the Wake Forest Physician Trust Scale and its short form, the Health Care Relationship Trust Scale and its refinement, the Trust in Oncologist Scale and its shortened form, the Trust in Health Care Providers Scale, and the Trust in My Doctor Scale. Of these six distinct tools, only the Trust in Oncologist Scale was developed and validated in non-US populations. Also identified were ten dimensions of trust: fidelity, technical competence, communicative competence, interpersonal competence (i.e., caring), honesty, confidentiality, global, behavioral, fairness, and system trust/accountability. Interpersonal competence and fairness emerged as newer dimensions that deserve further study. A comparative analysis of the indicators of these trust dimensions revealed some discrepancies that deserve theoretical and psychometric attention. In addition, incorporating item-response theory to assess measurement invariance has enhanced the assessment of external validity. This review provides a resource for researchers that will lead to a more uniform understanding of trust, thereby setting the basis for future theoretical integration and measurement development.

Decision-making psychological state and characteristic of proxies of thrombolytic patients: a pilot study

Intravenous thrombolysis is the preferred treatment modality for acute ischemic stroke. In China, written informed consent from patients or proxies must be obtained before intravenous thrombolysis is performed, which always leads to in-hospital delay of thrombolysis. To explore the relationship between characteristics of thrombolysis decision-making and psychological states of proxies of AIS patients. This was a pilot study. 231 proxies of AIS patients were recruited, including 147 males and 84 females. STAI, WFPTS, CAOT, CPS, C-DCS and time-consuming of decision-making were collected by trained nurses during the period from signing informed consent to thrombolysis finished. The general information was collected within 24 h after admission. Pearson correlation analysis and the Ridge regression analysis were used to explore the correlation and causality between psychological indicators (STAI, WFPTS, CAOT, CPS) and decision-making characteristics (C-DCS, Time consuming). Structural equation modeling was used to explore the direct and indirect effect of psychological factors on decision-making characteristics. The mean of anxiety, trust in physicians, and decision conflict were 49.20 ± 9.50, 37.83 ± 6.63 and 30.60 ± 14.77, respectively. The CAOT was associated with C-DCS through the mediation of STAI and WFPTS (p < 0.001). The CAOT was associated with time-consuming through the mediation of STAI, WFPTS and CPS (p < 0.05). The CAOT, STAI and WFPTS were associated with C-DCS (p < 0.05), and STAI, WFPTS and CPS were associated with time-consuming (p < 0.01). The proxy of patients with acute ischemic stroke had severe decision conflict in thrombolysis decision-making. The psychological state was associated with decision conflict and the time-consuming. Medical staff should explore methods to release the anxiety and increase the trust in physicians to reduce the decision-making conflict and time-consuming, which could promote the smooth progress of the informed consent.

Psychometric Properties of the Health Empowerment Scale Arabic Version for Working Women in Saudi Arabia

In a country such as Saudi Arabia where gender equality-related challenges continue to be social issues, measuring the health empowerment of Saudi working women is critical in understanding the real picture of women empowerment in the country during this era of great transformation. Therefore, we conducted this research to evaluate psychometric properties of the Health Empowerment Scale Arabic version (HES-A) in measuring the health empowerment of Saudi working women. We surveyed a sample of 322 Saudi working women from June to August 2020 using an online survey constituting questions on demographic and work-related information and the HES-A. The computed values for the item-level content validity index of the 8 scale items were from .80 and 1.00, whereas the computed value of the scale-level content validity index by average method was .91. The principal component and confirmatory factor analyses revealed a unidimentional scale. The computation revealed an alpha of .92. Education, type of employment, years of working experience, and salary were identified as significant factors influencing the health empowerment. The HES-A exhibited adequate validity and internal consistency for use in measuring the health empowerment of Saudi women. The HES-A can expand the research agenda on health empowerment Arab women. Researchers and policymakers could use the HES-A in assessing the status of health empowerment of Arabic-speaking women, which could inform policies and interventions aimed at ensuring health empowered women in this part of the globe.