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Karhu J, Veijola J, Hintsanen M. The bidirectional relationships of optimism and pessimism with depressive symptoms in adulthood - A 15-year follow-up study from Northern Finland Birth Cohorts. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:468-476. [PMID: 39013521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low optimism and high pessimism have predicted depressive symptoms in several studies, but the associations in the other direction, from depressive symptoms to future optimism and pessimism, have been unexplored. We examined bidirectional associations of optimism and pessimism with depressive symptoms in adulthood. METHODS A population-based sample of 4011 Finnish adults (55 % women) was analyzed with a 15-year prospective follow-up period from age 31 to age 46. Optimism and pessimism were measured with the Life Orientation Test-Revised, and depressive symptoms were measured with the Symptom Checklist-25. Temporal associations were investigated with cross-lagged panel models. RESULTS According to the model fit indices (RMSEA < 0.04, CFI ≥ 0.97) optimism and pessimism had bidirectional relationships with depressive symptoms: optimism predicted lower depressive symptoms (β = -0.09, p < .001), and depressive symptoms predicted lower optimism (β = -0.10, p < .001) in the follow-up. Also, pessimism predicted higher depressive symptoms (β = 0.08, p < .001), and depressive symptoms predicted higher pessimism (β = 0.09, p < .001) in the follow-up. In the participants with clinically high depressive symptoms at age 31, the predictive associations from optimism and pessimism to depressive symptoms remained, but associations in the other direction were attenuated. LIMITATIONS The follow-up study included only two time points with a 15-year time gap, which does not consider the possible fluctuation in the study variables between the measured times. CONCLUSION Dispositional optimism and pessimism may have bidirectional relationships with depressive symptoms in adulthood when the baseline depressive symptoms are below the clinical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Karhu
- Unit of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 2000 (Erkki Koiso-Kanttilan katu 1), 90014 Oulu, Finland.
| | - Juha Veijola
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center, University of Oulu & University Hospital of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland.
| | - Mirka Hintsanen
- Unit of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 2000 (Erkki Koiso-Kanttilan katu 1), 90014 Oulu, Finland.
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Zhang Y, Hou D, Dong X, Zhao Q, Zhang X, Fan X. Determinants of depressive symptoms in patients with heart failure based on the hopelessness theory of depression. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2024; 23:152-159. [PMID: 37403197 DOI: 10.1093/eurjcn/zvad062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Depressive symptoms are common in patients with heart failure (HF) and are associated with adverse outcomes in this group. This study examined depressive symptoms and associated determinants in patients with HF based on the hopelessness theory of depression. METHODS AND RESULTS In this cross-sectional study, a total of 282 patients with HF were recruited from 3 cardiovascular units of a university hospital. Symptom burden, optimism, maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies (MCERSs), hopelessness, and depressive symptoms were assessed using self-reported questionnaires. A path analysis model was established to evaluate the direct and indirect effects. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 13.8% in the patients. Symptom burden had the greatest direct effect on depressive symptoms (β = 0.406; P < 0.001), optimism affected depressive symptoms both directly and indirectly with hopelessness as the mediator (direct: β = -0.360; P = 0.001; indirect: β = -0.169; P < 0.001), and MCERSs only had an indirect effect on depressive symptoms with hopelessness as the mediator (β = 0.035; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION In patients with HF, symptom burden, decreased optimism, and hopelessness contribute to depressive symptoms directly. What is more, decreased optimism and MCERS lead to depressive symptoms indirectly via hopelessness. Accordingly, interventions aimed at decreasing symptom burden, enhancing optimism, and reducing the use of MCERSs, while declining hopelessness, may be conducive to relieving depressive symptoms in patients with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Zhang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44# Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Danhua Hou
- Medical school, Liaocheng University, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Dong
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44# Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Qiuge Zhao
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44# Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xiuting Zhang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44# Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xiuzhen Fan
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44# Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
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Liu X, Wang Z, Zhang C, Xu J, Shen Z, Peng L, Mi Y, Xu H. Psychological Capital and Its Factors as Mediators Between Interpersonal Sensitivity and Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese Undergraduates. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:429-441. [PMID: 38348156 PMCID: PMC10860822 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s452993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Current interpersonal sensitivity among college students is easily linked to mood disorders such as anxiety, depression and other mood disorders. This study aims to examine the mediating role of psychological capital and its dimensions in the relationship between interpersonal sensitivity and depressive symptoms among undergraduates. Methods The cross-sectional survey was conducted by using cluster stratified random sampling method across six Chinese universities between November and December 2022. The questionnaire consists of the Interpersonal Sensitivity sub-scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire, the Psychological Capital Questionnaire and the Socio-Demographic Feature Questionnaire. Results A total of 2580 respondents participated in the survey, with the majority being females (69.73%) and an average age of 19.22±1.28 years. Descriptive and correlation analyses were performed using SPSS v24.0, while direct and indirect effects were analyzed using PROCESS v3.4 macro. The findings revealed that interpersonal sensitivity had a significant direct effect on depression symptoms among undergraduates (β =0.416, 95% Boot CI [0.380, 0.453], p < 0.001) Additionally, psychological capital and its components were found to be negatively correlated with depression (p < 0.001). Further analysis demonstrated that hope, optimism, and resilience significantly mediated the association between interpersonal sensitivity and depressive symptoms (indirect effect: hope = 0.056, optimism = 0.074, resilience = 0.099; p < 0.001 for all). Conclusion These results suggest that psychological capital, including its dimensions of hope, optimism, and resilience plays a crucial role in mitigating the negative effects of interpersonal sensitivity on depressive symptoms among undergraduates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- School of Management, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Mental Health Education and Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
- Research Center for Psychological Crisis Prevention and Intervention of College Students in Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Management, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaoran Zhang
- School of Management, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Xuzhou medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziheng Shen
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Xuzhou medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lixin Peng
- School of Management, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Mi
- Center for Mental Health Education and Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
- Research Center for Psychological Crisis Prevention and Intervention of College Students in Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haibo Xu
- School of Management, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Mental Health Education and Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
- Research Center for Psychological Crisis Prevention and Intervention of College Students in Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
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