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Nauman Zahid M, Asif M, Sajid H, Kosar N, Akbar Shahid M, Allangawi A, Ayub K, Azeem M, Mahmood T. Therapeutic efficiency of B3O3 quantum dot as a targeted drug delivery system toward Foscarnet anti-HIV drug. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2023.114107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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Mirarab A, Mohebbi A, Javid N, Moradi A, Vakili MA, Tabarraei A. Human cytomegalovirus pUL97 drug-resistance mutations in congenitally neonates and HIV-infected, no-drug-treated patients. Future Virol 2017. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2016-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) treatment is hard to achieve because of viral protein target sequence variations. Objectives: We aimed to find HCMV pUL97 kinase variations in HIV- and congenitally infected patients. Methods: Twenty HCMV-positive DNA samples from nonganciclovir treated congenitally infected neonates and HIV positive patients were used for PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism. Variations were assessed computationally for pUL97 functionality. Results: P521L, D605E and N597Y substitutions were prevalent significantly in congenital infection. Furthermore, we found those mutations have neutral or low impact on pUL97 functionality. In addition, we found a new K599Q substitution in an HIV-infected individual. Conclusion: More prevalent substitutions related to low-grade ganciclovir resistance were found in congenitally infected neonates in comparison with HIV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Mirarab
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Science, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Alireza Mohebbi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Science, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Naeme Javid
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Golestan University of Medical Science, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Abdolvahab Moradi
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Golestan University of Medical Science, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohammad A Vakili
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Golestan University of Medical Science, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Alijan Tabarraei
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Golestan University of Medical Science, Gorgan, Iran
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Nanoformulated Antiretrovirals for Penetration of the Central Nervous System: State of the Art. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2016; 12:17-30. [PMID: 27832401 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-016-9716-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The central nervous system is a very challenging HIV-1 sanctuary. But, despite complete suppression of plasmatic viral replication with current antiretroviral therapy, signs of HIV-1 replication can still be found in the cerebrospinal fluid in some patients. The main limitation to achieving HIV-1 eradication from the brain is related to the suboptimal concentrations of antiretrovirals within this site, due to their low permeation across the blood-brain barrier. In recent years, a number of reliable nanotechnological strategies have been developed with the aim of enhancing antiretroviral drug penetration across the blood-brain barrier. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the different nanoformulated antiretrovirals, used in both clinical and preclinical studies, that are designed to improve their delivery into the brain by active or passive permeation mechanisms through the barrier. Different nanotechnological approaches have proven successful for optimizing antiretrovirals delivery to the central nervous system, with a likely benefit for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders and a more debated contribution to the complete eradication of the HIV-1 infection.
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Das K, Balzarini J, Miller MT, Maguire AR, DeStefano JJ, Arnold E. Conformational States of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase for Nucleotide Incorporation vs Pyrophosphorolysis-Binding of Foscarnet. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:2158-64. [PMID: 27192549 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) catalytically incorporates individual nucleotides into a viral DNA strand complementing an RNA or DNA template strand; the polymerase active site of RT adopts multiple conformational and structural states while performing this task. The states associated are dNTP binding at the N site, catalytic incorporation of a nucleotide, release of a pyrophosphate, and translocation of the primer 3'-end to the P site. Structural characterization of each of these states may help in understanding the molecular mechanisms of drug activity and resistance and in developing new RT inhibitors. Using a 38-mer DNA template-primer aptamer as the substrate mimic, we crystallized an RT/dsDNA complex that is catalytically active, yet translocation-incompetent in crystals. The ability of RT to perform dNTP binding and incorporation in crystals permitted obtaining a series of structures: (I) RT/DNA (P-site), (II) RT/DNA/AZTTP ternary, (III) RT/AZT-terminated DNA (N-site), and (IV) RT/AZT-terminated DNA (N-site)/foscarnet complexes. The stable N-site complex permitted the binding of foscarnet as a pyrophosphate mimic. The Mg(2+) ions dissociated after catalytic addition of AZTMP in the pretranslocated structure III, whereas ions A and B had re-entered the active site to bind foscarnet in structure IV. The binding of foscarnet involves chelation with the Mg(2+) (B) ion and interactions with K65 and R72. The analysis of interactions of foscarnet and the recently discovered nucleotide-competing RT inhibitor (NcRTI) α-T-CNP in two different conformational states of the enzyme provides insights for developing new classes of polymerase active site RT inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Das
- Center
for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine (CABM), Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States
| | - Jan Balzarini
- Rega
Institute for Medical Research and Department of Microbiology and
Immunology, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthew T. Miller
- Center
for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine (CABM), Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States
| | - Anita R. Maguire
- Department
of Chemistry and School of Pharmacy, Analytical and Biological Chemistry
Research Facility, Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jeffrey J. DeStefano
- Department
of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland, United States
| | - Eddy Arnold
- Center
for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine (CABM), Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States
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Delory T, Papot E, Rioux C, Charpentier C, Auge-Courtoi C, Michard F, Peytavin G, Descamps D, Matheron S, Yazdanpanah Y. Foscarnet, zidovudine and dolutegravir combination efficacy and tolerability for late stage HIV salvage therapy: A case-series experience. J Med Virol 2016; 88:1204-10. [PMID: 26636432 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Salvage therapy including foscarnet (PFA), zidovudine (ZDV) and an optimized background ART (OBT) has been shown to be effective in patients with advanced HIV infection, and no therapeutic options. Dolutegravir (DTG) may offer a more active combination. Objective was to describe efficacy and tolerability of PFA-ZDV-DTG containing regimen. In our cohort, we identified patients who: (i) had plasma HIV-1 RNA load (pVL) >50 c/ml (>100 for HIV-2) on combination ART (cART); (ii) had at least 1 PI/r, 1 NRTI, 1 NNRTI (for HIV-1), and at least 1 raltegravir resistance mutations; (iii) were naive to DTG; and (iv) initiated on a PFA-ZDV-DTG containing-regimen with 48 weeks (W48) of follow-up. Out of 5 patients, 2 were infected with HIV-2. At PFA-ZDV-DTG initiation, CD4 cell count was (/mm(3) ) of 64, 40, 10, in HIV-1, and 37, 199, in HIV-2 infected patients; and pVL (log10 c/ml) of 4.8, 5.1, 4.4, in HIV-1, and 3.6, 4.2, in HIV-2 infected patients, respectively. Median OBT genotypic sensitivity score was 1.5 [1-2]. PFA was discontinued in one patient, due to an acute renal failure. At W48, one HIV-1 infected patient had a pVL <50 c/ml and two <200 c/ml; the two HIV-2 infected patients had pVL >100 c/ml. No lack of treatment adherence was observed. In treatment experienced HIV-infected patients, failing cART and without other therapeutic options, a PFA-ZDV-DTG combination therapy could be effective. Renal adverse events should be monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Delory
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard Maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Papot
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard Maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Rioux
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard Maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Charpentier
- INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Laboratoire de Virologie, Paris, France
| | - Claire Auge-Courtoi
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Laboratoire de Virologie, Paris, France
| | - Florence Michard
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard Maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Peytavin
- INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Pharmaco-Toxicologie, Paris, France
| | - Diane Descamps
- INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Laboratoire de Virologie, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Matheron
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard Maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Paris, France.,INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Yazdan Yazdanpanah
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard Maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Paris, France.,INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
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