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Worrall J. Bowing fractures of the forearm in children: pathophysiology, diagnosis and management. Emerg Nurse 2024; 32:28-33. [PMID: 37401492 DOI: 10.7748/en.2023.e2167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Bowing fractures of the forearm are characterised by numerous micro-fractures on the concave surface of the affected bone(s), usually caused by a fall on an outstretched arm. Children are more susceptible to this type of injury than adults because their long bones have more elasticity. Bowing fractures of the forearm are challenging to diagnose because there are no obvious cortical defects, which can lead to inappropriate management and associated complications, including loss of movement range and loss of function. This article discusses bowing fractures of the forearm in children, including their pathophysiology, diagnosis and management. It aims to enhance emergency nurses' awareness and knowledge of this type of injury in children and of the challenges surrounding diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Worrall
- minor injury unit, Trowbridge Community Hospital, Wiltshire Health and Care, Trowbridge, England
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Lim BT, Chhina H, Pike I, Brussoni M, Cooper A. Methodological Challenges in Investigating Supracondylar Fractures of the Humerus From a Child's Viewpoint: Evolution of Study Protocol. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e21816. [PMID: 33136061 PMCID: PMC7669438 DOI: 10.2196/21816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Outdoor play and risk-taking behaviors, including play at heights, are important to children’s physical, social, and cognitive development. These aspects of play are important to consider when informing prevention policies for serious injuries that commonly occur on play structures. Supracondylar fractures of the humerus (SCH) are the most common type of elbow fractures that result from falls on an outstretched hand among healthy children. Despite being one of the leading causes of admission to the hospital and surgical intervention, the details surrounding the cause of these injuries are often not recorded. Previous research has correlated decreased overall playground safety with higher rates of SCH fractures. Play structure height and the type of undersurface have been identified as potential risk factors for severe injuries, including SCH fractures, in part due to low compliance with safety standards. This paper explores the challenges we encountered designing the study and the resulting insights and methodological modifications we made. Objective The aim of this paper is to discuss the challenges related specifically to clinical research in pediatrics and strategies developed to conduct a study that prioritizes the engagement and perspective of children and their families. Methods To explore the link between the severity of SCH fractures and children’s behavioral, environmental, and mechanistic factors, we conducted a mixed-methods study. Results During phase 1 (the original methodology) from April 2017 to July 2018, there were 58 eligible study participants and 17 were recruited. For phase 2 (the revised methodology) between October 2018 and October 2019, there were 116 eligible participants and 47 were recruited. Conclusions The changes in methodology made following the first phase of data collection were effective in our ability to recruit participants. By identifying and addressing challenges pertaining to recruitment and resource limitations, we were able to collect data in a concise manner while not compromising the quality of the data and make for an easily adoptable methodology for other sites interested in participating in the study. We hope that future studies that plan to employ a similar methodology can gain insight through the methodological challenges we have encountered and the way we adapted the methodology to build a more pragmatic approach. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/21816
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Tara Lim
- Department of Orthopaedics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Harpreet Chhina
- Department of Orthopaedics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ian Pike
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Injury Research and Prevention Unit, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mariana Brussoni
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Injury Research and Prevention Unit, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anthony Cooper
- Department of Orthopaedics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Abstract
Photovoice is a practical method to allow at-risk youth to express the environmental influences in their lives at school, at home, and in their community. This project emerged from an interprofessional collaboration between social work and nursing that focused on school health. The purpose was to explore the factors influencing the mental and emotional health using photographs by students in a largely Hispanic middle school. Ten students were recruited and consented but only eight completed the project. The SHOWeD method was used to assist the students to formally reflect upon their photographs. Data analysis was conducted using content analysis to identify themes presented the students' reflections. The themes were staying healthy, stress dealing with anger/frustration, maintaining friendships and communication, recognizing bullying, and planning for the future. Reflections aided students to provide rich details about how the school environment influences their mental and emotional health. The use of Photovoice is a reasonable method for at-risk youth to explore and describe their environment. Nurses, social workers, parents, and school leaders can use the new knowledge about how the school environment influences the health of students to develop tools to support a healthy school and community environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Bashore
- 1 Harris College of Nursing, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Gina K Alexander
- 1 Harris College of Nursing, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - D Lynn Jackson
- 2 Department of Social Work, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Paige Mauch
- 2 Department of Social Work, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA
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