1
|
Aguirre LC, Jaramillo A, Saucedo Victoria T, Botero Carvajal A. Mental health consequences of parental death and its prevalence in children: A systematic literature review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24999. [PMID: 38304821 PMCID: PMC10830864 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The death of a loved one can occur at any stage of life and can have a profound clinical impact on the patient. During childhood and adolescence, smoking has a functional impact on key aspects of family, school, and social life. The negative effects of parental death on children's mental health and its prevalence are unknown. Therefore, this systematic literature review aimed to describe the effects of parental death on children's mental health and its prevalence. The PubMed/Medline, WoS, and Cochrane Trials databases were searched for articles on patients aged 4-18 years. This review examines three articles. Anxiety and depression were identified as the predominant mental health outcomes, with a prevalence ranging from 7.5 % to 44.67 % of the mental health consequences associated with parental death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - A.K. Jaramillo
- School of Health, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali, Colombia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cipriano DJ, Barry C, Cipriano S. Parental Engagement in Grief Programming Is Related to Children's Outcomes. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2023; 86:1329-1348. [PMID: 33840275 DOI: 10.1177/00302228211008738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A multivariate model was used to study outcomes of childhood bereavement. The model included exogenous factors such as engagement and within-person resilience factors. Sixty-two parent-child dyads were recruited from a local children's grief center and completed measures of engagement in the programming, resilience and grief. A complex model was revealed in which parental engagement in the grief program was related to child engagement and the child's control beliefs which in turn were significantly related to the child's grief symptoms. These variables existed within a system, rather than within an individual.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Cipriano
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Courtney Barry
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Sophia Cipriano
- Jane Addams College of Social Work, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xinzhu W. Childhood family risks and mental health of older adults in China: The moderating effect of age. Front Psychol 2023; 14:994872. [PMID: 36824300 PMCID: PMC9941674 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.994872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Childhood family risks (CFRs) are believed to have long-arm effects on people's mental health. However, it is unclear whether age can alleviate these long-arm effects. Aim This study aimed to explore the relationship between CFRs and the mental health of older adults (mean [M] = 62.10, standard deviation [SD] = 8.02) in China and investigate whether age could moderate this relationship. Methods This cross-sectional, survey-based study used data from the Chinese General Social Survey conducted in 2015, and the data of 4,237 respondents were included in the final analysis. Mental health was measured by two items, namely negative and positive emotions. The step-by-step regression procedure and moderation analysis technique were used. Results For older adults in China, CFRs were significantly negatively associated with their mental health (β = -0.046, t = -2.690, p < 0.01), age was positively correlated with their mental health (β = 0.115, t = 7.157, p < 0.01), and age significantly moderated the relationship between CFRs and mental health (β = 0.277, t = 2.172, p < 0.05). As age increases, the correlation between CFRs and mental health decreases, and when age is one SD above the M, CFRs are no longer significantly associated with the mental health level (b simple = -0.01, t = -0.077, p > 0.05). Conclusion This study showed that CFRs were negatively associated with the mental health level of older Chinese adults, and age could significantly moderate the association. Therefore, it is essential to take preventive measures in advance to protect people's mental health and teach older adults to use emotion-regulation techniques to weaken the association between CFRs and mental health.
Collapse
|
4
|
Levkovich I, Elyoseph Z. "I Don't Know What to Say": Teachers' Perspectives on Supporting Bereaved Students After the Death of a Parent. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2023; 86:945-965. [PMID: 33583258 DOI: 10.1177/0030222821993624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This qualitative study examined teachers' experiences dealing with bereaved students following the death of a parent. The researchers conducted in-depth, semi-structured, face-to-face interviews with 25 teachers in Israeli schools who had counseled one of their students after the death of a parent. The interviews were recorded and transcribed and underwent content analysis. Analysis of the findings revealed that the teachers felt helpless, confused, overloaded emotionally and anxious when counseling students who had lost a parent. In addition, the teachers discussed the complex nature of their relationship with the remaining parent, ranging from a desire to support the family through avoidance for fear of hurting the parent to fears of being overwhelmed by the child's problems. Many teachers mentioned their need for support from school officials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inbar Levkovich
- Faculty of Graduate Studies, Oranim Academic College of Education, Kiryat Tiv'on, Israel
| | - Zohar Elyoseph
- Faculty of Graduate Studies, Oranim Academic College of Education, Kiryat Tiv'on, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Høeg BL, Christensen J, Banko L, Frederiksen K, Appel CW, Dalton SO, Dyregrov A, Guldin MB, Jørgensen SE, Lytje M, Bøge P, Bidstrup PE. Psychotropic medication among children who experience parental death to cancer. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 32:155-165. [PMID: 34302529 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01846-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The psychological consequences of losing a parent to cancer are unclear. We investigated whether experiencing parental death to cancer before 18 years of age increases the risk of psychotropic medication. We used register data of all children born in Denmark between 1 January 1987 and 31 December 2016 (N = 1,488,846). We assessed rate ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for first redeemed prescription of antidepressants, anxiolytics and hypnotics according to parental death status using Poisson multi-state models. We further examined whether the associations differed according to the gender of the deceased parent, child's age at the time of death or the parental length of illness. Cancer-bereaved children had a significantly increased risk of first prescription of psychotropic medication (rate ratio, RR 1.22, 95% confidence interval, CI 1.10-1.34 for males; RR 1.18, 95% CI 1.09-1.28 for females). Associations were strongest if the parent had the same sex as the child and if the parent died within one year of diagnosis. The risk was highest during the first six months after the loss (RR 2.35, 95% confidence interval, CI 1.48-3.73 for males; RR 1.81, 95% CI 1.17-2.80 for females). Children who lose a parent to cancer, particularly in cases when the disease progressed quickly, may need extra psychological support, especially during the first six months after the death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beverley Lim Høeg
- Psychological Aspects of Cancer, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jane Christensen
- Statistics and Data Analysis, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Linda Banko
- Psychological Aspects of Cancer, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Frederiksen
- Statistics and Data Analysis, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Weiling Appel
- Psychological Aspects of Cancer, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Diagnostic Centre, University Research Clinic for Innovative Patient Pathways, Silkeborg Regional Hospital, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Susanne Oksbjerg Dalton
- Survivorship and Inequality in Cancer, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Palliative Care, Zealand University Hospital, Næstved, Denmark
| | - Atle Dyregrov
- Center for Crisis Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mai-Britt Guldin
- Research Unit for General Practice, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Martin Lytje
- Center for Crisis Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Patient Support and Community Activities, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Bøge
- Department of Patient Support and Community Activities, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille Envold Bidstrup
- Psychological Aspects of Cancer, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Moreira D, Azeredo A, Sá Moreira D, Fávero M, Sousa-Gomes V. Why Does Grief Hurt? EUROPEAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2022. [DOI: 10.1027/1016-9040/a000490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Grief is a major physical and psychological health concern for adults, as well as a key risk factor for depression. The direct and indirect costs of depression in adults place heavy burdens on societal resources. Indeed, bereavement is a stressful and profound life experience, with the grieving process combining reactions to a loss that may originate in complications for bereaved individuals. The goal of this systematic review is to synthesize the findings regarding depression and grief. Studies related to the topic were obtained from multiple databases through rigorous exclusion and inclusion criteria. Only empirical studies with quantitative methodologies were included. Objectives, sample (type of sample, % male, and age), instruments, and main conclusions were extracted from each study. Overall, there are personality and contextual factors that, in addition to affecting depressive reactions following a loss, may also interface with one’s ability to grieve. Furthermore, after the patient’s death, there was a decrease in depressive symptoms over time, indicating that these symptoms are dynamic. Individuals who experience prolonged grief exhibit depressive symptoms, and those who suffer a loss may have depressive symptoms, but in a natural and non-pathological way, that is, sadness and not depression. Depression tends to decrease over time, with the existence of more children and a focus on occupation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Moreira
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal
- Centre for Philosophical and Humanistic Studies, Faculty of Philosophy and Social Sciences, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Portugal
- Institute of Psychology and Neuropsychology of Porto – IPNP Health, Portugal
- Centro de Solidariedade de Braga/Projecto Homem, Portugal
| | - Andreia Azeredo
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Sá Moreira
- Institute of Psychology and Neuropsychology of Porto – IPNP Health, Portugal
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Department, University Institute of Maia, Portugal
| | - Marisalva Fávero
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Department, University Institute of Maia, Portugal
- Unit I&D of the Justice and Governance Research Center of the Law School, University of Minho (JusGov/UM), Portugal
| | - Valéria Sousa-Gomes
- Institute of Psychology and Neuropsychology of Porto – IPNP Health, Portugal
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Department, University Institute of Maia, Portugal
- Unit I&D of the Justice and Governance Research Center of the Law School, University of Minho (JusGov/UM), Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Granrud MD, Sandsdalen T, Anderzén-Carlsson A, Steffenak AKM. Public health nurses’ experiences working with children who are next of kin: a qualitative study. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:1427. [PMCID: PMC9703408 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08841-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
There are a substantial number of children who are the next of kin of parents suffering from illness or substance abuse. These children can experience emotional and behavioral problems and may need support from professionals. In Norway, the specialist health service in hospitals is required to have a designated practitioner in each department to ensure support for and follow up of children who are next of kin; however, this is not regulated by law in the health care in the municipalities. The aim of this study was to explore public health nurse’s experiences working with children who are next of kin.
Methods
Qualitative interviews were conducted with 10 public health nurses working in the child health clinic and the school health service in four municipalities. Data were analysed using content analysis. Reporting of this study is conducted in accordance to COREQ’s checklist.
Results
The analysis resulted in one main theme: ‘Lack of guidelines and routines among public health nurses working with children who are next of kin’. The main theme consisted of four categories: (1) identifying children who are next of kin are incidental; (2) public health nurses must be observant and willing to act; (3) communication is an important tool; and (4) follow up over time is not always provided.
Conclusion
The public health nurses experienced uncertainty concerning how to identify and follow up children who are next of kin but were vigilant and willing to act in the children’s best interest. Doing so necessitated collaboration with other professionals. The need for guidelines around the role and responsibilities for the public health nurse were emphasized. The knowledge provided by the current study offers valuable insight into strengths and limitations in the support of children who are next of kin and can inform stakeholders in organizing sustainable support for this group.
Collapse
|
8
|
Kalsås ØR, Dyregrov K, Fadnes LT, Titlestad KB. The social health domain of people bereaved by a drug-related death and associations with professional help: A cross-sectional study. DEATH STUDIES 2022; 47:926-937. [PMID: 36347016 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2022.2142329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
People bereaved by traumatic deaths are vulnerable to long-lasting impairments in social health, including the quality of social relationships and the capacity to manage their social lives. In this Norwegian study involving 255 participants bereaved by a drug-related death, we aimed to investigate their social health and associations with professional help. The results of a cross-sectional survey showed that participants on average rated their social health as poor, though with large variations within the group. Participants who reported high satisfaction with professional help reported significantly higher scores on most social health-related variables. More research is needed on professional help focusing on the social health of traumatically bereaved people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Øyvind R Kalsås
- Department of Welfare and Participation, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Vestland, Norway
| | - Kari Dyregrov
- Department of Welfare and Participation, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Vestland, Norway
| | - Lars Thore Fadnes
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Addiction Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kristine B Titlestad
- Department of Welfare and Participation, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Vestland, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Specht F, Vöhringer M, Knaevelsrud C, Wagner B, Stammel N, Böttche M. Prolonged grief disorder in Arabic-speaking treatment-seeking populations: Relationship with socio-demographic aspects, loss- and trauma-related characteristics, and mental health support. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:933848. [PMID: 36186889 PMCID: PMC9520198 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.933848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prolonged grief disorder (PGD) has been included as a new diagnosis in the ICD-11 and is set to be included in the DSM-5-TR. To better identify vulnerable individuals, different factors associated with PGD have to be taken into account, but results regarding these factors remain equivocal. Moreover, few studies on PGD are available from Arabic-speaking populations and from different countries dealing with conflicts and wars. The objective was thus to examine PGD prevalence and associated characteristics in these populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of N = 1,051 bereaved participants from Arabic-speaking populations completed the PG-13 as part of a screening procedure for an online mental health intervention. Multiple linear regression was conducted to examine associated factors for PGD symptom severity, and multiple logistic regression was applied to investigate associated factors for PGD according to PG-13 diagnostic criteria. RESULTS Of the participants, 18.8% (n = 198) met the PGD diagnostic criteria, at an average of about 6 years post-loss. The multiple linear regression yielded eight associated factors for PGD symptom severity (age, gender, number of losses, number of traumatic event types, relationship with the deceased, age at loss, impairment during first year post-loss, perceived social support), which explained 40.2% of the variance [F (17, N=1,033) = 40.82, p < 0.001, R 2 = 0.402]. The multiple logistic regression yielded five significant associations with PGD (gender, relationship with the deceased, number of lost persons, impairment during first year post-loss, perceived social support), which explained 33.0% (Nagelkerke R 2) of the variance in PGD according to PG-13 diagnostic criteria. DISCUSSION A substantial proportion of the participants met the PG-13 criteria for PGD, emphasizing that therapeutic services are indispensable in this population. The associated factors for PGD found in our Arab-speaking sample are largely consistent with those found in studies from other regions. The slightly differing numbers of associated factors between the linear and logistic regression underline that a continuous score reflects the continuum between normal and dysfunctional grieving, and therefore also a range of factors associated with PGD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Freya Specht
- Research Department, Center ÜBERLEBEN, Berlin, Germany
| | - Max Vöhringer
- Research Department, Center ÜBERLEBEN, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Birgit Wagner
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadine Stammel
- Clinical Psychological Intervention, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Böttche
- Research Department, Center ÜBERLEBEN, Berlin, Germany.,Clinical Psychological Intervention, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chantaratin S, Trimetha K, Werarak P, Lapphra K, Maleesatharn A, Rungmaitree S, Wittawatmongkol O, Phongsamart W, Kongstan N, Khumcha B, Chokephaibulkit K. Depression and Anxiety in Youth and Young Adults Living with HIV: Frequency and Associated Factors in Thai Setting. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care 2022; 21:23259582221101811. [PMID: 35581716 PMCID: PMC9121500 DOI: 10.1177/23259582221101811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrative mental health care in HIV patients is an important contributor to
successful therapy. This is a cross-sectional study in youth and young adults
who attend routine HIV clinic at a tertiary care centre in Bangkok. We recruited
100 youth and 130 young adults living with HIV to evaluate the frequency of
depression and anxiety and associated sociodemographic including sexual
orientation and health-related behaviours. Overall, about a fifth of the
participants had significant depression or anxiety. Interestingly, we found
different factors associated with depression in youth and young adults living
with HIV. Loss of their father, loss of close relatives or friends, and being
unemployed or school exclusion were the factors associate with depression in
youth; while dangerous alcohol use, feeling discriminated against and having
lipodystrophy were factors in young adults. The understanding of the frequency
and different associated factors can inform more effective prevention and
treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sasitorn Chantaratin
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, 26685Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kawita Trimetha
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, 26685Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Peerawong Werarak
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, 26685Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Keswadee Lapphra
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, 26685Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Alan Maleesatharn
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, 26685Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, 26685Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supattra Rungmaitree
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, 26685Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Orasri Wittawatmongkol
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, 26685Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wanatpreeya Phongsamart
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, 26685Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nantaka Kongstan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, 26685Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Benjawan Khumcha
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, 26685Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kulkanya Chokephaibulkit
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, 26685Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Siriraj Institute of Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, 26685Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jiao K, Chow AYM, Chen C. Dyadic Relationships between a Surviving Parent and Children in Widowed Families: A Systematic Scoping Review. FAMILY PROCESS 2021; 60:888-903. [PMID: 33118179 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The death of a family member affects not only individual family members but also their relationships and interactions. Grief has been studied mostly as an intrapersonal experience. Adopting the family perspective, this systematic scoping review focused on parent-child relationships in widowed families so as to identify what is already known on this topic and the research gaps for future study. The review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. Four databases (Web of Science, Psycinfo, PubMed, and CINAHL Plus) were searched. Search terms were combinations of two concepts: (1) loss of a parent (20 terms) and (2) parent-child (eight terms). 5,419 studies were identified during the search, of which 36 studies were included in the review following two rounds of screening. Four research themes emerged, and the aggregated findings were identified: (a) The surviving parent and children are likely to become closer following the loss of a parent, while other relevant factors need to be taken into account; (b) Better parent-child relationships play a protective role in children's adjustment to loss; (c) The surviving parent and children's adjustment to loss are interdependent; (d) Through parenting, communication style, coping strategy, and other attributes, the surviving parent can influence their children's adjustment. Gender and age differences were identified in parent-child relationships. The findings further justify the importance of a family perspective when conducting research and practice on bereavement. Several research gaps were identified. Existing studies paid insufficient attention to children's agency and bidirectional relationships, and the interaction process and its role underlying parent-child bidirectional causality. A conceptual framework of parent-child relationships in widowed families is proposed based on these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keyuan Jiao
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Amy Y M Chow
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chuqian Chen
- Department of Medical Humanities, School of Humanities, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Grief Reactions and Grief Counseling among Bereaved Chinese Individuals during COVID-19 Pandemic: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial Combined with a Longitudinal Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18179061. [PMID: 34501650 PMCID: PMC8431533 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 has caused nearly 4.3 million deaths all around the world. People who have experienced loss during this special period may find it difficult to adapt to life after loss, and may even suffer from prolonged grief disorder or other mental health problems. However, there is a huge gap of grief research in China, with almost no comprehensive grief intervention training system or very few professional grief consultants. Considering the large number of bereaved individuals who are suffering from grief and other mental health problems, it is significant to develop a suitable and effective intervention protocol immediately. This article illustrates a study protocol initiated by a Chinese university to investigate the mental health of bereaved individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic and train grief counselors to provide grief counseling to the bereaved, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of the grief counseling. The method is as follows: (1) 300 psychological counselors will be recruited to attend the grief counseling training. Assessments will be conducted at three time points: baseline (T0), after the basic training (T1), and after the advanced training (T2); (2) 500 bereaved Chinese will be recruit to join the online survey and will be assessed at two time points with a six-month interval; and (3) a two-armed (grief counseling versus wait-list controls) RCT (random control trials) will be conducted with 160 bereaved individuals. Assessments will be conducted at three time points: before randomization (baseline, T0), at the post-counseling (T1), and three months after the post-counseling (T2). Primary outcomes will be assessed by the Prolonged Grief Questionnaire (PG-13), the 20-item PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI). This research will help develop grief research and grief counseling in China, as well as provide professional mental health services for individuals who may suffer from grief-related disorders in the future.
Collapse
|
13
|
Conde-Sala JL, Garre-Olmo J. Early parental death and psychosocial risk factors for dementia: A case-control study in Europe. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2020; 35:1051-1059. [PMID: 32392630 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the association between early parental death and the risk of dementia in adult life and to examine the risk factors associated with early parental death in people with and without dementia. METHODS/DESIGN A population-based case-control study of a sample of 65 997 participants from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe study. Early parental death was operationalized as parental death at the age of ≤16 years. Main analyses were conducted using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS The odds ratio (OR) for dementia in individuals who experienced early parental death (father or mother) at the age of ≤16 years was 1.83 (95%CI 1.61-2.09) and 1.54 (95%CI 1.35-1.76) adjusted for age, gender and education. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis carried out with the whole sample, early parental death increased the risk of dementia (OR = 1.50, 95%CI 1.31-1.72), along with older age (OR = 5.92, 95%CI 4.86-7.17), neuroticism (OR = 2.94, 95%CI 2.61-3.31), low education level (OR = 1.84, 95%CI 1.64-2.05) and low income (OR = 1.49, 95%CI 1.34-1.67). DISCUSSION Early parental death (≤16 years) was associated with an increased risk of dementia. We discuss the neurobiological markers associated with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and dementia as well as interventions to counteract the negative health effects on adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:-, 2020.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josep L Conde-Sala
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Aging, Disability and Health Research Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdIBGi), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Garre-Olmo
- Aging, Disability and Health Research Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdIBGi), Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Thielecke J, Buntrock C, Titzler I, Braun L, Freund J, Berking M, Baumeister H, Ebert DD. Clinical and Cost-Effectiveness of Personalized Tele-Based Coaching for Farmers, Foresters and Gardeners to Prevent Depression: Study Protocol of an 18-Month Follow-Up Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial (TEC-A). Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:125. [PMID: 32194458 PMCID: PMC7064472 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Farmers show high levels of depressive symptoms and mental health problems in various studies. This study is part of a nationwide prevention project carried out by a German social insurance company for farmers, foresters, and gardeners (SVLFG) to implement internet- and tele-based services among others to improve mental health in this population. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the (cost-)effectiveness of personalized tele-based coaching for reducing depressive symptom severity and preventing the onset of clinical depression, compared to enhanced treatment as usual. Methods: In a two-armed, pragmatic randomized controlled trial (N = 312) with follow-ups at post-treatment (6 months), 12 and 18 months, insured farmers, foresters, and gardeners, collaborating family members and pensioners with elevated depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥ 5) will be randomly allocated to personalized tele-based coaching or enhanced treatment as usual. The coaching is provided by psychologists and consists of up to 34 tele-based sessions for 25-50 min delivered over 6 months. Primary outcome is depressive symptom severity at post-treatment. Secondary outcomes include depression onset, anxiety, stress, and quality of life. A health-economic evaluation will be conducted from a societal perspective. Discussion: This study is the first pragmatic randomized controlled trial evaluating the (cost-)effectiveness of a nationwide tele-based preventive service for farmers. If proven effective, the implementation of personalized tele-based coaching has the potential to reduce disease burden and health care costs both at an individual and societal level. Clinical Trial Registration: German Clinical Trial Registration: DRKS00015655.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janika Thielecke
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Claudia Buntrock
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ingrid Titzler
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lina Braun
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Johanna Freund
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Berking
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Baumeister
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - David D Ebert
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Clinical, Neuro- & Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,GET.ON Institute, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|