Kaldenbach S, Hysing M, Strand TA, Sivertsen B. Energy drink consumption and sleep parameters in college and university students: a national cross-sectional study.
BMJ Open 2024;
14:e072951. [PMID:
38262632 PMCID:
PMC10806792 DOI:
10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072951]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the frequency of energy drink (ED) consumption, and the association between ED consumption and selected sleep characteristics and parameters in Norwegian college and university students. We also explored whether these associations varied based on sex.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional.
SETTING
Data were gathered from the SHOT2022 study (Students' Health and Well-being Study), a national survey.
PARTICIPANTS
53 266 students, aged 18-35 years, enrolled in higher education in Norway (2022).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Estimated marginal means were computed from general linear models investigating the association between ED consumption and continuous sleep outcomes, while log-link binomial regression analysis was used for dichotomous sleep outcomes of sleep measures. All models were adjusted for age.
RESULTS
Among the participants, 4.7% of men and 3.3% of women reported consuming ED daily. The frequency of ED consumption was inversely associated with sleep duration and sleep efficiency, while a direct association was observed with the frequency of ED consumption and sleep patterns such as sleep onset latency and wake after sleep onset across sexes. The strongest association was found between daily ED consumption and short sleep duration where men had a risk ratio (RR) of 2.07; 95% CI 1.77 to 2.42, and women had a RR of 1.87; 95% CI 1.64 to 2.14.
CONCLUSION
ED consumption was a strong determinant for negative sleep outcomes. Even small amounts of ED were associated with poorer sleep outcomes, which warrant more attention towards the consequences of consuming ED among college and university students.
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