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Serna C, Serna JJ, Caicedo Y, Padilla N, Gallego LM, Salcedo A, Rodríguez-Holguín F, González-Hadad A, García A, Herrera MA, Parra MW, Ordoñez CA. Damage control surgery for splenic trauma: "preserve an organ - preserve a life". Colomb Med (Cali) 2021; 52:e4084794. [PMID: 34188324 PMCID: PMC8216056 DOI: 10.25100/cm.v52i2.4794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The spleen is one of the most commonly injured solid organs of the abdominal cavity and an early diagnosis can reduce the associated mortality. Over the past couple of decades, management of splenic injuries has evolved to a prefered non-operative approach even in severely injured cases. However, the optimal surgical management of splenic trauma in severely injured patients remains controversial. This article aims to present an algorithm for the management of splenic trauma in severely injured patients, that includes basic principles of damage control surgery and is based on the experience obtained by the Trauma and Emergency Surgery Group (CTE) of Cali, Colombia. The choice between a conservative or a surgical approach depends on the hemodynamic status of the patient. In hemodynamically stable patients, a computed tomography angiogram should be performed to determine if non-operative management is feasible and if angioembolization is required. While hemodynamically unstable patients should be transferred immediately to the operating room for damage control surgery, which includes splenic packing and placement of a negative pressure dressing, followed by angiography with embolization of any ongoing arterial bleeding. It is our recommendation that both damage control principles and emerging endovascular technologies should be applied to achieve splenic salvage when possible. However, if surgical bleeding persists a splenectomy may be required as a definitive lifesaving maneuver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Serna
- Universidad del Valle, Facultad de Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Department of Surgery Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery. Cali, Colombia
| | - José Julián Serna
- Universidad del Valle, Facultad de Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Department of Surgery Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery. Cali, Colombia.,Hospital Universitario del Valle, Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Cali, Colombia.,Fundación Valle del Lili., Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Cali, Colombia.,Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
| | - Yaset Caicedo
- Fundación Valle del Lili, Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas (CIC), Cali, Colombia
| | - Natalia Padilla
- Fundación Valle del Lili, Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas (CIC), Cali, Colombia
| | | | - Alexander Salcedo
- Universidad del Valle, Facultad de Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Department of Surgery Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery. Cali, Colombia.,Hospital Universitario del Valle, Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Cali, Colombia.,Fundación Valle del Lili., Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Cali, Colombia.,Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Holguín
- Fundación Valle del Lili., Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Cali, Colombia
| | - Adolfo González-Hadad
- Universidad del Valle, Facultad de Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Department of Surgery Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery. Cali, Colombia.,Hospital Universitario del Valle, Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Cali, Colombia.,Centro Médico Imbanaco, Cali, Colombia
| | - Alberto García
- Universidad del Valle, Facultad de Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Department of Surgery Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery. Cali, Colombia.,Fundación Valle del Lili., Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Cali, Colombia.,Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
| | - Mario Alain Herrera
- Universidad del Valle, Facultad de Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Department of Surgery Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery. Cali, Colombia.,Hospital Universitario del Valle, Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Cali, Colombia
| | - Michael W Parra
- Broward General Level I Trauma Center, Department of Trauma Critical Care, Fort Lauderdale, FL - USA
| | - Carlos A Ordoñez
- Universidad del Valle, Facultad de Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Department of Surgery Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery. Cali, Colombia.,Fundación Valle del Lili., Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Cali, Colombia.,Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
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Lee JT, Slade E, Uyeda J, Steenburg SD, Chong ST, Tsai R, Raptis D, Linnau KF, Chinapuvvula NR, Dattwyler MP, Dugan A, Baghdanian A, Flink C, Baghdanian A, LeBedis CA. American Society of Emergency Radiology Multicenter Blunt Splenic Trauma Study: CT and Clinical Findings. Radiology 2021; 299:122-130. [PMID: 33529133 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2021202917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background Treatment of blunt splenic trauma (BST) continues to evolve with improved imaging for detection of splenic vascular injuries. Purpose To report on treatments for BST from 11 trauma centers, the frequency and clinical impact of splenic vascular injuries, and factors influencing treatment. Materials and Methods Patients were retrospectively identified as having BST between January 2011 and December 2018, and clinical, imaging, and outcome data were recorded. Patient data were summarized descriptively, both overall and stratified by initial treatment received (nonoperative management [NOM], angiography, or surgery). Regression analyses were used to examine the primary outcomes of interest, which were initial treatment received and length of stay (LOS). Results This study evaluated 1373 patients (mean age, 42 years ± 18; 845 men). Initial treatments included NOM in 849 patients, interventional radiology (IR) in 240 patients, and surgery in 284 patients. Rates from CT reporting were 22% (304 of 1373) for active splenic hemorrhage (ASH) and 20% (276 of 1373) for contained vascular injury (CVI). IR management of high-grade injuries increased 15.6%, from 28.6% (eight of 28) to 44.2% (57 of 129) (2011-2012 vs 2017-2018). Patients who were treated invasively had a higher injury severity score (odds ratio [OR], 1.04; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.05; P < .001), lower temperature (OR, 0.97; 95% CI: 0.97, 1.00; P = .03), and a lower hematocrit (OR, 0.96; 95% CI: 0.93, 0.99; P = .003) and were more likely to show ASH (OR, 8.05; 95% CI: 5.35, 12.26; P < .001) or CVI (OR, 2.70; 95% CI: 1.64, 4.44; P < .001) on CT images, have spleen-only injures (OR, 2.35; 95% CI: 1.45, 3.8; P < .001), and have been administered blood product for fewer than 24 hours (OR, 2.35; 95% CI: 1.58, 3.51; P < .001) compared with those chosen for NOM, after adjusting for key demographic and clinical variables. After adjustment, factors associated with a shorter LOS were female sex (OR, 0.84; 95% CI: 0.73, 0.96; P = .009), spleen-only injury (OR, 0.72; 95% CI: 0.6, 0.86; P < .001), higher admission hematocrit (OR, 0.98; 95% CI: 0.6, 0.86; P < .001), and presence of ASH at CT (OR, 0.74; 95% CI: 0.62, 0.88; P < .001). Conclusion Contained vascular injury and active splenic hemorrhage (ASH) were frequently reported, and rates of interventional radiologic management increased during the study period. ASH was associated with a shorter length of stay, and patients with ASH had eight times the odds of undergoing invasive treatment compared with undergoing nonoperative management. © RSNA, 2021 See also the editorial by Patlas in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Lee
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.T.L.) and Biostatistics (E.S., A.D.), University of Kentucky, 800 Rose St, Room HX 315A, Lexington, KY 40536-0293; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (J.U.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Ind (S.D.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (S.T.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (R.T., D.R.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (K.F.L.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Tex (N.R.C.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md (M.P.D.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (Arthur Baghdanian, Armonde Baghdanian); Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio (C.F.); Department of Radiology, Boston University, Boston, Mass (C.A.L.)
| | - Emily Slade
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.T.L.) and Biostatistics (E.S., A.D.), University of Kentucky, 800 Rose St, Room HX 315A, Lexington, KY 40536-0293; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (J.U.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Ind (S.D.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (S.T.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (R.T., D.R.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (K.F.L.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Tex (N.R.C.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md (M.P.D.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (Arthur Baghdanian, Armonde Baghdanian); Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio (C.F.); Department of Radiology, Boston University, Boston, Mass (C.A.L.)
| | - Jennifer Uyeda
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.T.L.) and Biostatistics (E.S., A.D.), University of Kentucky, 800 Rose St, Room HX 315A, Lexington, KY 40536-0293; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (J.U.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Ind (S.D.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (S.T.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (R.T., D.R.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (K.F.L.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Tex (N.R.C.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md (M.P.D.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (Arthur Baghdanian, Armonde Baghdanian); Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio (C.F.); Department of Radiology, Boston University, Boston, Mass (C.A.L.)
| | - Scott D Steenburg
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.T.L.) and Biostatistics (E.S., A.D.), University of Kentucky, 800 Rose St, Room HX 315A, Lexington, KY 40536-0293; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (J.U.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Ind (S.D.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (S.T.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (R.T., D.R.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (K.F.L.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Tex (N.R.C.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md (M.P.D.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (Arthur Baghdanian, Armonde Baghdanian); Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio (C.F.); Department of Radiology, Boston University, Boston, Mass (C.A.L.)
| | - Suzanne T Chong
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.T.L.) and Biostatistics (E.S., A.D.), University of Kentucky, 800 Rose St, Room HX 315A, Lexington, KY 40536-0293; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (J.U.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Ind (S.D.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (S.T.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (R.T., D.R.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (K.F.L.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Tex (N.R.C.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md (M.P.D.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (Arthur Baghdanian, Armonde Baghdanian); Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio (C.F.); Department of Radiology, Boston University, Boston, Mass (C.A.L.)
| | - Richard Tsai
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.T.L.) and Biostatistics (E.S., A.D.), University of Kentucky, 800 Rose St, Room HX 315A, Lexington, KY 40536-0293; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (J.U.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Ind (S.D.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (S.T.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (R.T., D.R.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (K.F.L.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Tex (N.R.C.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md (M.P.D.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (Arthur Baghdanian, Armonde Baghdanian); Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio (C.F.); Department of Radiology, Boston University, Boston, Mass (C.A.L.)
| | - Demetrios Raptis
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.T.L.) and Biostatistics (E.S., A.D.), University of Kentucky, 800 Rose St, Room HX 315A, Lexington, KY 40536-0293; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (J.U.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Ind (S.D.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (S.T.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (R.T., D.R.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (K.F.L.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Tex (N.R.C.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md (M.P.D.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (Arthur Baghdanian, Armonde Baghdanian); Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio (C.F.); Department of Radiology, Boston University, Boston, Mass (C.A.L.)
| | - Ken F Linnau
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.T.L.) and Biostatistics (E.S., A.D.), University of Kentucky, 800 Rose St, Room HX 315A, Lexington, KY 40536-0293; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (J.U.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Ind (S.D.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (S.T.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (R.T., D.R.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (K.F.L.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Tex (N.R.C.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md (M.P.D.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (Arthur Baghdanian, Armonde Baghdanian); Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio (C.F.); Department of Radiology, Boston University, Boston, Mass (C.A.L.)
| | - Naga R Chinapuvvula
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.T.L.) and Biostatistics (E.S., A.D.), University of Kentucky, 800 Rose St, Room HX 315A, Lexington, KY 40536-0293; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (J.U.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Ind (S.D.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (S.T.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (R.T., D.R.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (K.F.L.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Tex (N.R.C.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md (M.P.D.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (Arthur Baghdanian, Armonde Baghdanian); Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio (C.F.); Department of Radiology, Boston University, Boston, Mass (C.A.L.)
| | - Matthew P Dattwyler
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.T.L.) and Biostatistics (E.S., A.D.), University of Kentucky, 800 Rose St, Room HX 315A, Lexington, KY 40536-0293; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (J.U.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Ind (S.D.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (S.T.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (R.T., D.R.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (K.F.L.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Tex (N.R.C.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md (M.P.D.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (Arthur Baghdanian, Armonde Baghdanian); Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio (C.F.); Department of Radiology, Boston University, Boston, Mass (C.A.L.)
| | - Adam Dugan
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.T.L.) and Biostatistics (E.S., A.D.), University of Kentucky, 800 Rose St, Room HX 315A, Lexington, KY 40536-0293; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (J.U.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Ind (S.D.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (S.T.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (R.T., D.R.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (K.F.L.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Tex (N.R.C.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md (M.P.D.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (Arthur Baghdanian, Armonde Baghdanian); Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio (C.F.); Department of Radiology, Boston University, Boston, Mass (C.A.L.)
| | - Arthur Baghdanian
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.T.L.) and Biostatistics (E.S., A.D.), University of Kentucky, 800 Rose St, Room HX 315A, Lexington, KY 40536-0293; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (J.U.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Ind (S.D.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (S.T.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (R.T., D.R.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (K.F.L.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Tex (N.R.C.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md (M.P.D.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (Arthur Baghdanian, Armonde Baghdanian); Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio (C.F.); Department of Radiology, Boston University, Boston, Mass (C.A.L.)
| | - Carl Flink
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.T.L.) and Biostatistics (E.S., A.D.), University of Kentucky, 800 Rose St, Room HX 315A, Lexington, KY 40536-0293; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (J.U.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Ind (S.D.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (S.T.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (R.T., D.R.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (K.F.L.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Tex (N.R.C.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md (M.P.D.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (Arthur Baghdanian, Armonde Baghdanian); Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio (C.F.); Department of Radiology, Boston University, Boston, Mass (C.A.L.)
| | - Armonde Baghdanian
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.T.L.) and Biostatistics (E.S., A.D.), University of Kentucky, 800 Rose St, Room HX 315A, Lexington, KY 40536-0293; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (J.U.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Ind (S.D.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (S.T.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (R.T., D.R.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (K.F.L.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Tex (N.R.C.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md (M.P.D.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (Arthur Baghdanian, Armonde Baghdanian); Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio (C.F.); Department of Radiology, Boston University, Boston, Mass (C.A.L.)
| | - Christina A LeBedis
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.T.L.) and Biostatistics (E.S., A.D.), University of Kentucky, 800 Rose St, Room HX 315A, Lexington, KY 40536-0293; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (J.U.); Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Ind (S.D.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (S.T.C.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (R.T., D.R.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (K.F.L.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Tex (N.R.C.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md (M.P.D.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (Arthur Baghdanian, Armonde Baghdanian); Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio (C.F.); Department of Radiology, Boston University, Boston, Mass (C.A.L.)
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