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Rajendram N, Mansor M, Rahim NA, Bakar MZA, Sobani MA. Office based non-invasive diagnostic technique for acquired tracheoesophageal fistula. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 90:101466. [PMID: 39059322 PMCID: PMC11327460 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2024.101466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nesha Rajendram
- University Malaya, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Masaany Mansor
- Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Norazila Abdul Rahim
- Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zukiflee Abu Bakar
- University Malaya, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Arif Sobani
- Hospital Al-Sultan Abdullah UiTM, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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Chandrananth ML, Lee JD, Read D, Shakerian R. 'No zone' approach in the management of penetrating neck injuries - an Australian Tertiary Trauma Centre experience. ANZ J Surg 2024; 94:591-596. [PMID: 38525869 DOI: 10.1111/ans.18939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Penetrating neck injuries (PNIs), defined as deep to the platysma, can result in significant morbidity and mortality. Management has evolved from a zone-based approach to a 'no zone' algorithm, resulting in reduced non-therapeutic neck exploration rates. The aim of this study was to examine PNIs and its management trends in an Australian tertiary trauma centre, to determine if a 'no zone' approach could be safely implemented in this population, as has been demonstrated internationally. METHODOLOGY This was a retrospective observational study at a level 1 adult Australian tertiary trauma centre using prospectively collated data from January 2008 to December 2018. Observed data included age, gender, mechanism of injury, computed tomography angiography (CT-A) use and operative intervention. Patients were examined based on zone of injury and presenting signs - 'hard', 'soft' or 'asymptomatic'. Major outcomes were CT-A usage, positive CT-A correlation with therapeutic neck explorations and negative neck exploration rates. RESULTS This study identified 238 PNI patients, with 204 selected for review. Most injuries occurred in zone 2 (71.6%), with soft signs accounting for 53.4% of cases. Over 10 years, CT-A utilization increased from 55% to 94.1%, with positive CT-As being more likely to yield therapeutic neck explorations. There was a general decreased trend in operative intervention but without a clear reduction in non-therapeutic neck explorations. CONCLUSION Our data suggests similarities with results from around the world, demonstrating that the 'no zone' approach should be considered when managing PNIs, but with clinician discretion in individual cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera L Chandrananth
- Department of General Surgical Specialties, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Trauma Service, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jordan D Lee
- Department of General Surgical Specialties, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Trauma Service, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Read
- Department of General Surgical Specialties, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Trauma Service, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rose Shakerian
- Department of General Surgical Specialties, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Trauma Service, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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3
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Alves DG, Sousa J, Ferreira V, Almeida Pinto J, Teixeira N. Anterior Penetrating Neck Injury: A Path to the Cervical Spine. Cureus 2023; 15:e35370. [PMID: 36994302 PMCID: PMC10042214 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.35370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
While rare in incidence, penetrating neck injuries are often life-threatening. When a patient's physiological status is appropriate, the first step in treatment should be a detailed preoperative imaging assessment. Formulating a treatment plan that includes computed tomography (CT) imaging and discussing the surgical approach with a multidisciplinary team before operating allows for a successful selective surgical approach. The authors report the case of a Zone II penetrating injury with a right laterocervical entry wound in which an impaled blade with an inferomedial oblique path pierced deeply into the cervical spine. The blade missed multiple vital structures in the neck, such as the common carotid artery, jugular vein, trachea, and esophagus. The patient underwent a formal neck exploration, and controlled extraction of the blade under direct vision was achieved. Therefore, the author's recommendation for implementing any management algorithm for penetrating neck injuries should rely primarily on a multidisciplinary selective approach.
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Blunt and Penetrating Airway Trauma. Emerg Med Clin North Am 2023; 41:e1-e15. [PMID: 36639169 DOI: 10.1016/j.emc.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Airway injury, be that penetrating or blunt, is a high-stakes high-stress management challenge for any airway manager and their team. Penetrating and blunt airway injury vary in injury patterns requiring prepracticed skills and protocols coordinating care between specialties. Variables including patient cooperation, coexisting injuries, cardiorespiratory stability, care location (remote vs tertiary care center), and anticipated course of airway injury (eg, oxygenating well and comfortable vs increasing subcutaneous emphysema) all play a role in determining airway if and when airway management is required. Direct airway trauma is relatively infrequent, but its presence should be accompanied by in-person or virtual otolaryngology support.
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Gonçalves J, Almeida V. Airway Management for Penetrating Neck Trauma: A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e33441. [PMID: 36751184 PMCID: PMC9899350 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Penetrating neck injuries comprise 5-10% of traumatic injuries in adults and can cause immediate life-threatening compromise. Performing awake fibreoptic intubation in cooperative patients when airway management is not time critical has been suggested as a method of securing these potentially complicated airways. We report a case of a male in his 20s who presented to the emergency service with neck trauma following a bicycle road accident. With the exception of a wound in the neck region, there were no alarming distress signs or symptoms of airway endangerment. Imagiological evaluation revealed a rupture of the right lateral tracheal wall. He was referred for urgent surgery. We performed intubation with video laryngoscopy assisted by a neck surgery team, keeping the patient breathing spontaneously and under deep sedation. After advancing the tube through the vocal cords, the surgeon explored the cervical wound, guiding the tube through the trachea. Keeping spontaneous ventilation and advancing the tracheal tube beyond the lesion under visualization is essential when managing a traumatized airway. Tracheal intubation using video laryngoscopy, assisted by a neck surgeon guiding the tube, and avoiding creation of a false passage can be a safe alternative to fibreoptic intubation in selected cases of tracheal laceration.
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Puttamadaiah GM, Arabhanvi R, Viswanatha B, Menon PA, Prabhu RM. "Penetrating Neck Injuries: A Comprehensive Study". Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022; 74:6189-6194. [PMID: 36742685 PMCID: PMC9895587 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-021-02886-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Penetrating neck injuries are defined as injury to the neck associated with breach in the platysmal muscle layer. All penetrating neck injuries are potentially dangerous and require emergency intervention due to its proximity to airway, important blood vessels, nerves and other organs in the neck. A complete evaluation, rapid airway intervention and proper surgical repair are highly essential to prevent complications. Clinical evaluation and management of penetrating neck injuries at a tertiary care hospital. In this study, 66 cases of penetrating neck injuries who presented to the emergency department from October 2018 to September 2020 were included. The particulars of the insult like type of instrument causing injury and zone of injury were compared. An analysis of the management of penetrating neck injury with respect to exploration and wound repair and the need for tracheostomy, vascular repair, esophageal repair, laryngeal framework repair and pharyngeal repair was made. The maximum incidence was observed for the age group between 21 and 30 years. The object causing the maximum number of neck injuries was knife, in 36 cases. The distribution of cases according to zone of injury revealed that the zone II was most commonly affected in 43 cases. The structures injured in the study indicated that platysma was involved in all the cases, followed by thyroid cartilage in 33 cases. Wound exploration and repair was done in all cases and tracheostomy was done in 44 cases. Complications were vocal cord palsy in 19 patients, 15 had tracheal stenosis, 13 had hoarseness of voice, 7 developed pharyngocutaneous fistula and 1 developed pharyngeal stenosis. There were 2 deaths. 16 patients who attempted suicide had depression. All penetrating neck injuries are potentially dangerous and require emergency treatment because of the presence of important vessels, nerves andorgans in the neck. Thorough knowledge of the anatomy of neck, clinical assessment and diagnostic and therapeutic interventions are necessary for appropriate management.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. M. Puttamadaiah
- Department of ENT, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute (BMCRI), Bangalore, Karnataka 560002 India
| | - Ramappa Arabhanvi
- Department of ENT, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute (BMCRI), Bangalore, Karnataka 560002 India
| | - B. Viswanatha
- Department of ENT, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute (BMCRI), Bangalore, Karnataka 560002 India
| | - P. Architha Menon
- Department of ENT, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute (BMCRI), Bangalore, Karnataka 560002 India
| | - Rukmini M. Prabhu
- Department of ENT, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute (BMCRI), Bangalore, Karnataka 560002 India
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Ramírez-Morin MA, Vergara-Miranda H, Guerrero-Arroyo AA, Álvarez-Lozada LA, Martínez-Zarazua RO, De la Cruz-de la Cruz C, Vásquez-Fernández F, Muñoz-Maldonado GE. Trauma cervical penetrante: experiencia de un hospital de enseñanza en México. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE CIRUGÍA 2022. [DOI: 10.30944/20117582.1285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducción. El trauma cervical penetrante es una entidad poco frecuente, con tendencia al alza, de considerable morbimortalidad. Es fundamental conocer su manejo por cirujanos en entrenamiento, quienes en su mayoría son comúnmente los proveedores del tratamiento en las áreas de urgencias. El objetivo de este estudio fue demostrar la experiencia de un centro de trauma en México en el tratamiento de trauma cervical penetrante administrado por cirujanos en entrenamiento.
Métodos. Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes con diagnóstico de trauma cervical penetrante sometidos a exploración cervical entre los años 2014 y 2019. Se identificaron 110 expedientes, se excluyeron 26 por falta de datos indispensables para la investigación y se analizaron los datos de 84 pacientes.
Resultados. El 96,4 % de los pacientes fueron hombres, la mayoría entre 16 y 50 años (83,3 %) y la zona anatómica II fue la más comúnmente lesionada (65,4 %). Las etiologías más frecuentes fueron heridas por arma cortopunzante (67,9 %) y heridas por proyectil de arma de fuego (25 %). El 95 % de los procedimientos fueron realizados por residentes de cuarto y quinto año. La mediana de días de estancia hospitalaria fue de 2 días. La incidencia de complicaciones fue de 9,5 % y la mortalidad de 1,2 %.
Conclusiones. Los cirujanos generales en etapa de formación entrenados en centros de trauma tienen la capacidad de tratar de forma óptima el trauma cervical penetrante sin modificación de las tasas de morbimortalidad descritas en la literatura internacional.
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Kong V, Cheung C, Ko J, Xu W, Bruce J, Liang G, Manchev V, Clarke D. The Management of Penetrating Neck Injury With Retained Knife: 15-Year Experience From a Major Trauma Center in South Africa. Am Surg 2021; 88:2703-2709. [PMID: 34965158 DOI: 10.1177/00031348211065127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study reviews our cumulative experience with the management of patients presenting with a retained knife following a penetrating neck injury (PNI). METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a major trauma center in South Africa over a 15-year period from July 2006 to December 2020. All patients who presented with a retained knife in the neck following a stab wound (SW) were included. RESULTS Twenty-two cases were included: 20 males (91%), mean age: 29 years. 77% (17/22) were retained knives and 23% (5/22) were retained blades. Eighteen (82%) were in the anterior neck, and the remaining 4 cases were in the posterior neck. Plain radiography was performed in 95% (21/22) of cases, and computed tomography (CT) was performed in 91% (20/22). Ninety-five percent (21/22) had the knife or blade extracted in the operating room (OR). Formal neck exploration (FNE) was undertaken in 45% (10/22) of cases, and the remaining 55% (12/22) underwent simple extraction (SE) only. Formal neck exploration was more commonly performed for anterior neck retained knives than the posterior neck, although not statistically significant [56% (10/18) vs 0% (0/18), P = .096]. There were no significant differences in the need for intensive care admission, length of hospital stay, morbidities, or mortalities between anterior and posterior neck retained knives. DISCUSSION Uncontrolled extraction of a retained knife in the neck outside of the operating room may be dangerous. Retained knives in the anterior neck commonly required formal neck exploration but not for posterior neck retained knives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Kong
- Department of Surgery, 37707University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Cynthia Cheung
- Department of Surgery, 118838Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Ko
- Department of Surgery, 1415University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - William Xu
- Department of Surgery, 1415University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John Bruce
- Department of Surgery, 56394University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Grant Liang
- Department of Surgery, 56394University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Vasil Manchev
- Department of Surgery, 56394University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Damian Clarke
- Department of Surgery, 37707University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Surgery, 56394University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Shilston J, Evans D, Simons A, Evans D. Initial management of blunt and penetrating neck trauma. BJA Educ 2021; 21:329-335. [PMID: 34447579 PMCID: PMC8377225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjae.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. Shilston
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - D.L. Evans
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - A. Simons
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - D.A. Evans
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
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Wang L, Liu T, Liu Z. Chronic respiratory dysfunction due to diaphragmatic paralysis following penetrating neck trauma: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24043. [PMID: 33530199 PMCID: PMC7850730 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Respiratory dysfunction resulting from unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis during neck trauma is very rare in adults. We describe the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of 1 patient with chronic respiratory insufficiency, in whom the diaphragmatic paralysis was associated with phrenic nerve injury due to penetrating neck trauma. PATIENT CONCERNS A 50-year-old worker was admitted because of left penetrating neck trauma. Imaging investigations demonstrated elevation of the left hemidiaphragm and the C5 and C6 roots avulsion. He complained of gradually worsening dyspnea on exertion 2 months later. DIAGNOSES The patient was diagnosed with chronic respiratory dysfunction secondary to diaphragmatic paralysis, which caused by phrenic nerve injury. INTERVENTIONS A conventional video-assisted thoracoscopic diaphragm plication was performed after failed conservative management. OUTCOMES The respiratory status improved markedly, and he did well without recurrence until 2 years' follow-up. LESSONS The possibilities of phrenic nerve palsy and diaphragmatic paralysis should not be overlooked during the evaluation of neck trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
| | - Tianshu Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
| | - Zhihai Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Chandrananth ML, Zhang A, Voutier CR, Skandarajah A, Thomson BNJ, Shakerian R, Read DJ. 'No zone' approach to the management of stable penetrating neck injuries: a systematic review. ANZ J Surg 2021; 91:1083-1090. [PMID: 33480177 DOI: 10.1111/ans.16600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aim: to review outcomes of the 'no zone' approach to penetrating neck injuries (PNIs) with the advent of high-fidelity computed tomography-angiography (CT-A) in order to determine the most appropriate management for stable PNIs. DESIGN Systematic review. POPULATION Retrospective and prospective cohort studies of patients who sustained penetrating neck trauma, as defined by an injury which penetrates the platysma, and whose initial management involved CT-A evaluation. METHODS An extensive literature search was performed in July 2019 using the following databases: Pubmed Central, EMBASE, Medline and Cochrane CENTRAL. Only studies published in English from the last 15 years were included. RESULTS Nine cohort studies met inclusion criteria. There has been an increase in CT-A focussed evaluation of PNIs in recent years. CT-A is a highly sensitive and specific imaging choice and reduces negative neck exploration rates. A new management algorithm for stable patients involving initial radiological assessment using CT-A, and subsequent selective surgical exploration, is safe and effective. CONCLUSION The results of this review provide level 2A evidence that the 'no zone' approach to PNIs, complemented by CT-A and thorough clinical assessment, is a safe management strategy which reduces negative neck exploration rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera L Chandrananth
- Department of General Surgical Specialties, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Trauma Service, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Zhang
- Department of General Surgical Specialties, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Trauma Service, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catherine R Voutier
- Health Sciences Library, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anita Skandarajah
- Department of General Surgical Specialties, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Trauma Service, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin N J Thomson
- Department of General Surgical Specialties, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Trauma Service, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rezvaneh Shakerian
- Department of General Surgical Specialties, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Trauma Service, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David J Read
- Department of General Surgical Specialties, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Trauma Service, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Owston H, Jones C, Groom P, Mercer SJ. The anaesthetic management of the airway after blunt and penetrating neck injury. TRAUMA-ENGLAND 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1460408619886216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hazel Owston
- Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Clinton Jones
- Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Peter Groom
- Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Simon J Mercer
- Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
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13
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Penetrating Neck Trauma: a Review. CURRENT TRAUMA REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40719-019-0154-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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