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Luo Z. Impacts of ACE insertion/deletion variant on cardiometabolic risk factors, premature coronary artery disease, and severity of coronary lesions. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13171. [PMID: 38849492 PMCID: PMC11161653 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64003-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is closely related to cardiometabolic risk factors and atherosclerosis. This study aims to investigate whether the insertion/deletion (I/D) variant of ACE gene impacts cardiometabolic risk factors, premature coronary artery disease (PCAD), and severity of coronary lesions. PubMed, Cochrane Library, Central, CINAHL, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched until December 22, 2023. 94,270 individuals were included for the analysis. Carriers of DD genotype had higher levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) than carriers of II or ID genotypes. In addition, carriers of DD genotype were at high risk of PCAD and multiple vessel lesions. The impacts of ACE I/D variant on lipid levels were significant in American individuals but stronger in male individuals. In contrast, the impacts of ACE I/D variant on PCAD and severity of coronary lesions were primarily significant in Caucasian individuals. This study indicates that the ACE I/D variant has a slight but significant impact on cardiometabolic risk factors, PCAD, and severity of coronary lesions. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) may benefit high-risk populations with ACE DD genotype to prevent PCAD and multiple vessel lesions.PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023426732.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, 629000, Sichuan, China.
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Hemeed RN, Al-Tu'ma FJ, Al-Koofee DAF, Al-Mayali AH. Relationship of angiotensin converting enzyme (I/D) polymorphism (rs4646994) and coronary heart disease among a male Iraqi population with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:1227-1232. [PMID: 33553025 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00632-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insertion deletion (I/D) polymorphism (rs4646994) in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) has a substantial effect on coronary heart disease (CHD). The amplification of an Alu repetitive element in an intron of the ACE has shown three potential genotypes of I/I and D/D as homozygous, and I/D as heterozygous. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the association between the ACE gene polymorphism and CHD among male Iraqi patients with and without type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS A case-control study of total 217 male subjects participated in this study, divided into three groups; Group 1 including 86 CHD patients with T2DM, group 2 including 78 CHD patients without T2DM, and group 3 including 53 age and sex-matched healthy individuals (as a control group). Genotyping of ACE (I/D) gene was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. RESULTS The II allele was significantly more frequent in CHD patients without T2DM compared to the control population, but not from those patients with T2DM (p < 0.05). Nonetheless, the ID allele was significantly more frequent in each of CHD with T2DM and control populations compared to the CHD without T2DM. The DD allele was significantly more frequent in CHD patients with T2DM compared to each of CHD patients without T2DM and control populations (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION We conclude that the D/D and I/D genotypes are implicated as risk factors for development of CHD with T2DM, but not CHD without T2DM among the male Iraqi population. However, larger sample sizes are needed to monitor the CHD patients and to validate this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghda N Hemeed
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq
| | - Fadhil J Al-Tu'ma
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq
| | - Dhafer A F Al-Koofee
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Ahmed H Al-Mayali
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq
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Wang N, Li X, Zhang Q, Zhang H, Zhou L, Wu N, Jin M, Qiu C, Zhang K. Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism with pulse pressure and its interaction with obesity status in Heilongjiang province. Clin Exp Hypertens 2018; 41:70-74. [DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2018.1445749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Wang
- Institute of Polygenic Disease, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xueyan Li
- Institute of Polygenic Disease, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Institute of Polygenic Disease, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of Polygenic Disease, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Institute of Polygenic Disease, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Institute of Polygenic Disease, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ming Jin
- Institute of Polygenic Disease, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Changchun Qiu
- Institute of Polygenic Disease, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Keyong Zhang
- Institute of Polygenic Disease, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
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Implications of ACE (I/D) Gene Variants to the Genetic Susceptibility of Coronary Artery Disease in Asian Indians. Indian J Clin Biochem 2016; 32:163-170. [PMID: 28428690 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-016-0588-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin-1-converting enzyme (ACE) gene has established substantial attention in the recent years as a candidate gene for hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of ACE (I/D) polymorphism with coronary artery disease (CAD) in a north Indian population. A total of 662 subjects (330 CAD patients and 332 healthy controls) were examined for association of ACE gene (I/D) polymorphism and environmental risk factors. The mean age of the CAD patients and control subjects was 60.53 ± 8.6 years and 56.55 ± 7.7 years, respectively (p = 0.000). Anthropometric and demographic data showed BMI values significantly higher among CAD patients and control subjects (26.98 ± 4.9 vs 24.04 ± 4.7, p = 0.000). We observed pronounced central obesity in both CAD patients and controls, even at the lowest BMI values (<23 kg/m2). Dyslipidemia was highly prevalent in CAD patients compared to control subjects. Genotypic data showed significantly higher frequency of DD genotype in CAD patients than that of control subjects (40 vs 28.3 %). No significant difference was observed in the distribution of ID genotypes between CAD patients and control subjects. Logistic regression analysis of data demonstrate that DD genotype was associated with 1.8 fold increased risk of development of CAD in Asian Indians (OR 1.8; 95 % CI 1.22-2.66; p = 0.003). The frequency of D allele was significantly higher in CAD patients (p = 0.001). No significant difference was observed in the clinical and biochemical characteristics of CAD patients and controls when the data was stratified according to the genotypes of ACE gene. In conclusion, DD genotype of ACE gene may be associated with increased risk of CAD in Asian Indian population.
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Paramasivam R, Reangasamy N, Arumugam D, Krishnan P. Association of ACE <i>DD</i> Genotype with Hypertension among the Tribal Populations of South India. INTERNATIONAL LETTERS OF NATURAL SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.56431/p-044q85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) is an important regulator of the blood pressure (BP). The level of the vasoactive peptide Angiotensin-II, is mainly determined by the RAS enzyme, angiotensin converting enzyme-1 (ACE-1). Polymorphisms in ACE gene is reported to be associated with hypertension in various populations worldwide. We investigated the association of ACE I/D polymorphisms with hypertension among the tribal populations of South India. Samples were collected from hypertensive patients (n = 33) and healthy controls (n = 37). Genotyping was performed using Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with allele specific primers. The DD genotype is significantly observed among the cases (OR = 1.0). Specifically, the DD genotype is more evident among the females (OR = 0 .705) than males (OR = 1.22) and is analysed to be associated with hypertension among the tribal populations of South India.
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Paramasivam R, Rengasamy N, Arumugam D, Krishnan P. Association of ACE DD Genotype with Hypertension among the Tribal Populations of South India. INTERNATIONAL LETTERS OF NATURAL SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.52.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) is an important regulator of the blood pressure (BP). The level of the vasoactive peptide Angiotensin-II, is mainly determined by the RAS enzyme, angiotensin converting enzyme-1 (ACE-1). Polymorphisms in ACE gene is reported to be associated with hypertension in various populations worldwide. We investigated the association of ACE I/D polymorphisms with hypertension among the tribal populations of South India. Samples were collected from hypertensive patients (n = 33) and healthy controls (n = 37). Genotyping was performed using Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with allele specific primers. The DD genotype is significantly observed among the cases (OR = 1.0). Specifically, the DD genotype is more evident among the females (OR = 0 .705) than males (OR = 1.22) and is analysed to be associated with hypertension among the tribal populations of South India.
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Xu L, Chen X, Ye H, Hong Q, Xu M, Duan S. Association of four CpG-SNPs in the vascular-related genes with coronary heart disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 70:80-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Suchkova IO, Pavlinova LI, Larionova EE, Alenina NV, Solovyov KV, Baranova TV, Belotserkovskaya EV, Sasina LK, Bader M, Denisenko AD, Mustafina OE, Khusnutdinova EK, Patkin EL. Length polymorphism of the B2-VNTR minisatellite repeat of the bradykinin B2 receptor gene in healthy Russians and patients with coronary heart disease. Mol Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893314050136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Poornima S, Subramanyam K, Khan IA, Hasan Q. The insertion and deletion (I28005D) polymorphism of the angiotensin I converting enzyme gene is a risk factor for osteoarthritis in an Asian Indian population. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2014; 16:1281-7. [PMID: 25178458 DOI: 10.1177/1470320314547403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) insertion and deletion (I/D) polymorphism has been implicated in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). In recent years, numerous genetic factors have been identified and implicated in OA. In this Asian Indian population-based study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between ACE (I28005D) gene polymorphism and primary OA. We performed a case-control association study to identify and explore the correlation between clinically, radiologically diagnosed individuals with primary knee OA and the ACE I/D polymorphism. METHODS Genomic DNA was isolated from 200 samples, including 100 OA cases and 100 healthy volunteers. DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using I and D allele-specific primers. PCR products were assessed via UV visualization of products electrophoresed on 2% agarose gels. RESULTS The groups differed significantly in genotype distributions (p < 0.05). The primary knee OA group showed a considerably higher incidence of the DD genotype and the D allele compared to the control group (OR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.10-4.15, p = 0.02 and OR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.39-3.10, p = 0.0003). CONCLUSION The ACE gene polymorphism I28005D was found to be associated with primary knee OA in Asian Indian populations. This is the first study in India to report that the ACE gene polymorphism is a risk factor for early onset primary knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadra Poornima
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Kamineni Hospitals, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Imran Ali Khan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Qurratulain Hasan
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Kamineni Hospitals, Hyderabad, India
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Girolami JP, Blaes N, Bouby N, Alhenc-Gelas F. Genetic manipulation and genetic variation of the kallikrein-kinin system: impact on cardiovascular and renal diseases. PROGRESS IN DRUG RESEARCH. FORTSCHRITTE DER ARZNEIMITTELFORSCHUNG. PROGRES DES RECHERCHES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2014; 69:145-196. [PMID: 25130042 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-06683-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Genetic manipulation of the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) in mice, with either gain or loss of function, and study of human genetic variability in KKS components which has been well documented at the phenotypic and genomic level, have allowed recognizing the physiological role of KKS in health and in disease. This role has been especially documented in the cardiovascular system and the kidney. Kinins are produced at slow rate in most organs in resting condition and/or inactivated quickly. Yet the KKS is involved in arterial function and in renal tubular function. In several pathological situations, kinin production increases, kinin receptor synthesis is upregulated, and kinins play an important role, whether beneficial or detrimental, in disease outcome. In the setting of ischemic, diabetic or hemodynamic aggression, kinin release by tissue kallikrein protects against organ damage, through B2 and/or B1 bradykinin receptor activation, depending on organ and disease. This has been well documented for the ischemic or diabetic heart, kidney and skeletal muscle, where KKS activity reduces oxidative stress, limits necrosis or fibrosis and promotes angiogenesis. On the other hand, in some pathological situations where plasma prekallikrein is inappropriately activated, excess kinin release in local or systemic circulation is detrimental, through oedema or hypotension. Putative therapeutic application of these clinical and experimental findings through current pharmacological development is discussed in the chapter.
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Zhou YF, Yan H, Hou XP, Miao JL, Zhang J, Yin QX, Li JJ, Zhang XY, Li YY, Luo HL. Association study of angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism with elderly diabetic hypertension and lipids levels. Lipids Health Dis 2013; 12:187. [PMID: 24354906 PMCID: PMC3896767 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-12-187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism and diabetic essential hypertension in elderly population. METHODS Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used in 260 elderly normal control patients, 205 elderly hypertensive patients and 138 elderly diabetic hypertensive patients to detect the I/D polymorphism in ACE gene. RESULTS DD genotype frequency (0.352) and D allele frequency (0.543) in elderly hypertensive patients were higher than those in the normal control patients. DD genotype (0.421) and D allele frequency (0.579) in elderly diabetic hypertensive patients were significantly higher than those in the control patients (0.133 and 0.250). The differences of DD genotype and D allele frequency between the elderly hypertensive patients and the elderly diabetic hypertensive patients were not significant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION ACE gene deletion is a risk factor for hypertension but is not a risk factor for diabetes in elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hui-Lan Luo
- The cadre ward of General Hospital of the Air Force PLA, No, 30, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China.
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Yang K, Zhang F, Li F, Su J, Wen S, Liu Y, Feng D. Angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism and susceptibility to psoriasis in a Chinese population. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2013; 15:39-43. [PMID: 23846034 DOI: 10.1177/1470320313494433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The relationship between the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism and psoriasis has previously been studied mainly in Caucasians and only once in Asians. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between the ACE I/D polymorphism and the risk of psoriasis in a Chinese population. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study population consisted of 668 psoriasis patients and 668 matched control subjects. The ACE I/D gene polymorphism was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). RESULTS The frequency of the ACE II genotype (odds ratio (OR) = 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.06, 1.63; P = 0.01) and I allele (OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.06, 1.48; P = 0.01) in patients with psoriasis was significantly higher than that in the control group. And the D allele frequency in patients with psoriasis was significantly lower (OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.68, 0.95; P = 0.01) than that in the control group. When stratified by family history, the frequency of the DD genotype was marginally significantly lower in patients with a positive family history of psoriasis (familial psoriasis) than in those with negative (sporadic psoriasis) (OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.23, 0.97; P = 0.04). When stratified by onset of the disease, type of psoriasis and the severity of psoriasis, no statistically significant result was observed. CONCLUSION Our study suggested that the ACE II genotype and I allele might confer susceptibility to psoriasis in a Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- KeDa Yang
- 1Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, China
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