PTPRD gene variant rs10739150: A potential game-changer in hypertension diagnosis

BACKGROUND

High blood pressure, also known as hypertension (HTN), is a complicated disorder that is controlled by a complex network of physiological processes. Untreated hypertension is associated with increased death incidence, rise the need for understanding the genetic basis affecting hypertension susceptibility and development. The current study sought to identify the genetic association between twelve single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within seven candidate genes (NOS3, NOS1AP, REN, PLA2G4A, TCF7L, ADRB1, and PTPRD).

METHODS

The current study included 200 Jordanian individuals diagnosed with hypertension, compared to 224 healthy controls. Whole blood samples were drawn from each individual for DNA isolation and genotyping. The SNPStats tool was used to assess haplotype, genotype, and allele frequencies by the mean of chi-square (χ2).

RESULTS

Except for rs10739150 of PTPRD (P = 0.0003), the genotypic and allelic distribution of the SNP was identical between patients and controls. The prevalence of the G/G genotype in healthy controls (45.5%) was lower than in hypertension patients (64.3%), suggesting that it might be a risk factor for the disease. PTPRD TTC genetic haplotypes were strongly linked with hypertension (P = 0.003, OR = 4.03).

CONCLUSION

This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the involvement of rs10739150 within the PTPRD gene in hypertension. This new knowledge could potentially transform the way we approach hypertension diagnosis, providing an accurate diagnostic tool for classifying individuals who are at a higher risk of developing this condition.

Association between polymorphisms of genes involved in the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System and the adaptive morphological and functional responses to essential hypertension

Hypertensive cardiac remodeling is illustrated by increased left ventricular (LV) mass index values and/or relative wall thickness (RWT) values >0.42, and functionally by isolated alteration of LV diastole (abnormal relaxation). The aim of the present study was to establish differentiated models of anatomical and functional adaptation to essential hypertension (EHT), in relation to the genetic variants of genes involved in the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS). The M235T-AGT, I/D-ACE, A1166C-R1AngII, A3123C-R2AngII and G83A-REN genotypes were determined using PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism in 139 hypertensive subjects. The relationship between the studied RAAS gene polymorphisms with morphological and functional cardiac remodeling was assessed by multiple logistic regression analysis. Patients carrying the C/C, A/C genotypes (A3123C-R2AngII polymorphism) had a 2.72-fold (P=0.033) increased risk of exhibiting an RWT value <0.42; in the multivariate model the risk was 4.02-fold higher (P=0.008). Analysis of LV diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) revealed that hypertensive patients carrying the T/T, M/T genotypes (M235T-AGT polymorphism) had a 2.24-fold (P=0.037) increased risk of developing LVDD and a 2.42-fold increased risk (P=0.039) after adjustment for confounders. Similarly, carriers of the G/G, A/G genotypes (G83A-REN) had a 2.32-fold (P=0.021) increased risk of developing LVDD, and this remained an independent risk factor based on the multivariate model (P=0.033). The results of the present study showed that no particular gene was associated with increased LV mass, but the A3123C-R2AngII polymorphism was associated with a non-concentric type of cardiac response in hypertensive patients. Conversely, the M235T-AGT and G83A-REN polymorphisms were found to be statistically significantly associated with LVDD when assessing abnormal relaxation.

Haplotype-based association of renin gene polymorphisms with essential hypertension in Han population of northern china

INTRODUCTION

The renin gene has been suggested as a good candidate in the study of genetic mechanism of essential hypertension. However, studies on the contribution of renin gene polymorphisms to essential hypertension, have not had consistent outcomes. The purpose of the present study is to explore the association of renin gene polymorphisms with essential hypertension in the Han population of northern China.

METHODS

A case-control study was conducted among 3090 Han farmers (1533 essential hypertension patients and 1557 normotensives). Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and polymerase chain reaction-sequencing.

RESULTS

The genotypic and allelic distributions of rs2368564 in essential hypertension and control was significant statistically ( p<0.001). The allelic distribution of rs10900557 showed marginal statistical significance ( p=0.048). There were no significant differences in other genotypic and allelic distributions ( p>0.05). In the haplotypes comprised by the six single-nucleotide polymorphisms, there were differences in the distribution of haplotypes A-T-C-G-C-A, A-T-C-G-C-G, G-C-T-G-T-A and G-C-T-G-T-G in both groups, and their differences reached to significant levels, respectively. After having corrected for false discovery rate, this association still remained significant.

CONCLUSIONS

The current study provides evidence for a possible association of renin gene polymorphisms with essential hypertension in a Han population of northern China.

Impact of interactions between risk alleles on clinical endpoints in hypertension

OBJECTIVE

Impairment of the renin-angiotensinogen-aldosterone system (RAAS), one of the characteristics of essential hypertension (EH), imbalances vascular homeostasis. Despite inconsistent reports on individual single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as a major predictor of EH, interactions among RAAS genetic variants are rarely investigated.

METHODS

Using SNP markers, we studied potential interactions between angiotensin 1 converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin II-type 1 receptor (AGTR1), and α adducin (ADD1) variants and their correlation with clinical endpoints in 545 individuals with hypertension and 400 age- and ethnicity-matched unrelated controls. Generalised multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) analysis identified the models for genotype interaction.

RESULTS

Although the results on single genes were significant, gene-gene interactions were more reliable and promising as markers in predisposing hypertension. The best models to represent association of multi-locus interactions with augmented hypertension susceptibility were: (a) within gene 4-locus model comprised of AGT SNPs -217G/A, -20A/C, -6G/A and 235M/T (p=0.022, OR 6.1); and (b) between genes 5-locus model comprised of AGT -217G/A, -20A/C, -6G/A, 235M/T and ACE I/D (p=0.05, OR 4.6). Stratification of 4- and 5-locus GMDR models on the basis of risk alleles from ≤1 to ≥7 increased the ORs from 2.8 to 36.1 and from 0.9 to 16.1, respectively. Moreover, compared to ≤1 risk alleles the ≥7 interacting risk alleles in both 4- and 5-locus models showed an increment of 14.2% and 11.1% in systolic blood pressure, 7.7% and 1.1% in diastolic blood pressure, and 10.5% and 5.1% in mean arterial pressure, respectively, in patients.

CONCLUSIONS

Interactions among the genetic loci of RAAS components may be used as a predictor for susceptibility to hypertension.

Association of Mbo I-RFLP at the Renin Locus (rs2368564) with Essential Hypertension

Several lines of experimental and clinical evidence have alluded a pivotal role of renin in blood pressure homeostasis and therefore a relevance of molecular variants of the renin gene and essential hypertension have been speculated. This study was designed to evaluate the pattern, alliance and risk of renin Mbo I (10631A>G; rs2368564) polymorphism at the locus intron 9 for a possible role in modulating essential hypertension in adult population from Gujarat (India). A total of 257 consecutively enrolled essential hypertensive patients and 270 controls were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method for the selected marker. Suitable descriptive statistics was used for different variables. Genotypic (x(2) 10.43, p 0.0054) and allelic (x(2) 11.46, p 0.0007) distribution of this SNP displayed significant differences between cases and controls with an increased frequency of the A allele (x(2) 6.275; p 0.0122) and A/A geno-type (x(2) 8.247; p 0.0041) in hypertensive individuals. However, it showed no deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in either affected or control group. A significant association was found in the A/A variant of rs2368564 with essential hypertension (p 0.0032), along with a statistically significant increase in odds of hypertension (OR 1.69; CI 1.46-2.28; p 0.02), even after confounding factors were adjusted in multiple logistic regression analysis and is substantiated by inter-genotypic variations in the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients. In conclusion, renin 10631A>G gene mutation at the ninth intron play critical roles in BP (dys)regulation and can be implicated in an individual's susceptibility for hypertension.

Atrial natriuretic peptide and aldosterone synthase gene in essential hypertension: a case-control study

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and their candidate genes are principally involved in regulation of blood pressure through salt-water homeostasis. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and Aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) are the important RAAS mediators, play a major role in hypertension through regulation of cardiorenal homeostasis and water-electrolytes balance, respectively. Present study reports the expression of ANP and CYP11B2 gene at mRNA and proteins levels in patients with essential hypertension in North Indian subjects. Gene expression at mRNA and protein levels was carried out by Real time PCR and Western blot, respectively. We found a significant down regulation in the ANP gene expression at mRNA (85%) and protein (72.6%) levels and significant increase in the CYP11B2 protein expression in patients as compared to controls. A significant increase in Serum creatinine (14.6%), Sodium (1.15%) and decrease in the Blood urea (8.18%) and Potassium (2.32%) levels were also observed among the patients group having higher expression (based on median delta-CT value) in comparison to the lower expression of CYP11B2 gene. Our results suggest that the down-regulation of ANP gene expression at mRNA and protein levels and up-regulated CYP11B2 protein expression levels may be correlated with the essential hypertension and could serve as circulating prognostic biomarkers for essential hypertension.

A polymorphism of the renin gene rs6682082 is associated with essential hypertension risk and blood pressure levels in Korean women

PURPOSE

The aim of the present study was to investigate associations between the renin gene (REN) and the risk of essential hypertension and blood pressure (BP) levels in Koreans.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

To outline the functional role of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the transcription of the REN gene, we conducted a case-control study of 1975 individuals: 646 hypertension (HT) patients and 1329 ethnically and age-matched normotensive subjects.

RESULTS

Logistic regression analysis indicated that the genotypes AA/AG were strongly associated with risk of HT (odds ratio, 1.493; 95% confidence interval, 1.069-2.086, p=0.018) in female subjects. The genotypes AA/AG also showed significant association with higher blood pressure levels, both systolic and diastolic, in postmenopausal HT women (p=0.003 and p=0.017, respectively). Analysis of the promoter containing rs6682082 revealed a 2.4±0.01-fold higher activity in the A variant promoter than the G variant promoter, suggesting that rs6682082 is itself a functional variant.

CONCLUSION

We suggest that the A allele of rs6682082 is a positive genetic marker for predisposition to essential hypertension and high BP in Korean women and may be mediated through the transcriptional activation of REN.