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de Miranda FS, Guimarães JPT, Menikdiwela KR, Mabry B, Dhakal R, Rahman RL, Moussa H, Moustaid-Moussa N. Breast cancer and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS): Therapeutic approaches and related metabolic diseases. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 528:111245. [PMID: 33753205 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) is classically recognized for regulating blood pressure and fluid balance. Recently, this role has extended to other areas including inflammation, obesity, diabetes, as well as breast cancer. RAS components are expressed in normal and cancerous breast tissues, and downregulation of RAS inhibits metastasis, proliferation, angiogenesis, and desmoplasia in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, RAS inhibitors (Angiotensin receptor blockers, ARBs, or angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, ACE-I) may be beneficial as preventive adjuvant therapies to thwart breast cancer development and improve outcomes, respectively. Given the beneficial effects of RAS inhibitors in metabolic diseases, which often co-exist in breast cancer patients, combining RAS inhibitors with other breast cancer therapies may enhance the effectiveness of current treatments. This review scrutinizes above associations, to advance our understanding of the role of RAS in breast cancer and its potential for repurposing of RAS inhibitors to improve the therapeutic approach for breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Sardela de Miranda
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics, Inflammation and Obesity Research, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University (TTU), Lubbock, TX, USA; Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - João Pedro Tôrres Guimarães
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics, Inflammation and Obesity Research, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University (TTU), Lubbock, TX, USA; Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo (ICB/USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo (FCF/USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Kalhara R Menikdiwela
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics, Inflammation and Obesity Research, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University (TTU), Lubbock, TX, USA; Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Brennan Mabry
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics, Inflammation and Obesity Research, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University (TTU), Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Rabin Dhakal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University (TTU), Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Rakhshanda Layeequr Rahman
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Hanna Moussa
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University (TTU), Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics, Inflammation and Obesity Research, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University (TTU), Lubbock, TX, USA; Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
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Salata C, deAlmeida CE, Ferreira-Machado SC, Barroso RC, Nogueira LP, Mantuano A, Pickler A, Mota CL, de Andrade CBV. Preliminary pre-clinical studies on the side effects of breast cancer treatment. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:877-887. [PMID: 33900904 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1919782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Technological advancement in the treatment of cancer together with early detection and diagnosis have considerably improved the survival of breast cancer patients. On the other hand, the potential of patients developing side effects from cancer treatment are not negligible. Despite the progress that has been made in terms of early diagnosis, therapy, and survival, including improvements in the chemotherapeutic agents, radiation and molecular targeted therapies, cardiotoxicity of cancer therapy is still cause for concern. Radiation therapy for breast cancer is associated with increased risk of heart disease and myocardial infarction. Furthermore, the association of radiation therapy to chemotherapy is an important aspect to be considered in the development of cardiac disease, as this could play an additional role as a risk factor. Besides the heart effect, other side effects can be observed in the bone, ovary, uteri, and other organs. This paper aims to review the recent literature to present the current understanding of side effects associated with breast cancer treatment. The focus is on recent preclinical studies that have assessed potential changes in different organs that may be injured after breast cancer treatment, both due to both radiation and chemotherapy agents.Conclusion: Radiation-induced heart disease is one important side effect that must be considered during the treatment planning and patient follow-up. The cardiac damage can be potentialized when chemotherapy is associated to radiotherapy, and the literature findings indicate that heart fibrosis plays an important role at the radio-chemotherapy induced cardiac damage. Literature findings also showed important side effects at the bone, that can lead to ospeoporosis, due to the decrease of calcium, after radio or chemotherapy treatments. This decrease could be explained by the ovarian failure observed at rats after chemotherapy treatment. It is of great importance to acknowledge the complications originating from the treatment, so that new strategies can be developed. In this way, it will be possible to minimize side effects and improve the patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Salata
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Brazilian Nuclear Energy Authority (CNEN), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos E deAlmeida
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Samara C Ferreira-Machado
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of General Biology, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Regina C Barroso
- Physics Department, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Liebert P Nogueira
- Oral Research Laboratory (ORL), Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrea Mantuano
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Physics Department, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Arissa Pickler
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carla L Mota
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Physics Department, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cherley B V de Andrade
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Possible Susceptibility Genes for Intervention against Chemotherapy-Induced Cardiotoxicity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:4894625. [PMID: 33110473 PMCID: PMC7578723 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4894625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent therapeutic advances have significantly improved the short- and long-term survival rates in patients with heart disease and cancer. Survival in cancer patients may, however, be accompanied by disadvantages, namely, increased rates of cardiovascular events. Chemotherapy-related cardiac dysfunction is an important side effect of anticancer therapy. While advances in cancer treatment have increased patient survival, treatments are associated with cardiovascular complications, including heart failure (HF), arrhythmias, cardiac ischemia, valve disease, pericarditis, and fibrosis of the pericardium and myocardium. The molecular mechanisms of cardiotoxicity caused by cancer treatment have not yet been elucidated, and they may be both varied and complex. By identifying the functional genetic variations responsible for this toxicity, we may be able to improve our understanding of the potential mechanisms and pathways of treatment, paving the way for the development of new therapies to target these toxicities. Data from studies on genetic defects and pharmacological interventions have suggested that many molecules, primarily those regulating oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy, apoptosis, and metabolism, contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiotoxicity induced by cancer treatment. Here, we review the progress of genetic research in illuminating the molecular mechanisms of cancer treatment-mediated cardiotoxicity and provide insights for the research and development of new therapies to treat or even prevent cardiotoxicity in patients undergoing cancer treatment. The current evidence is not clear about the role of pharmacogenomic screening of susceptible genes. Further studies need to done in chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Chaudhary M, Chaudhary S. Unravelling the Lesser Known Facets of Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor. Curr Hypertens Rep 2018; 19:1. [PMID: 28083801 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-017-0699-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hypertension is an important risk factor in various pathologies. Despite enormous advancements in health sciences, the number of hypertensive individuals is increasing worldwide. The complex interplay between genetic and epigenetic factors seems to be a promising pathway to exploring the pathophysiology of hypertension. RECENT FINDINGS Various single gene and genome wide association studies have generated huge but non-reproducible data that highlights the role of some additional but as yet unidentified factor(s) in disease outcome. Dietary pattern and epigenetic mechanism (mainly DNA methylation) have shown a profound effect on blood pressure regulation. Angiotensin II and its receptors are known to play an important role in maintaining blood pressure; hence, a larger section of antihypertensive drugs targets the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R), besides maintaining blood pressure, also has a role in cancer progression. Besides other pathways, RAS still remains the main player in blood pressure regulation. Additionally, AT1R has recently emerged as a molecule with diverse roles ranging from physiologic to cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Chaudhary
- Department cum National Centre for Human Genome Studies and Research (NCHGSR), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Shashi Chaudhary
- Department cum National Centre for Human Genome Studies and Research (NCHGSR), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India.
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MORAES ALANCNDE, ANDRADE CHERLEYBV, SALATA CAMILA, NASCIMENTO ANALR, RAMOS ISALIRAP, GOLDENBERG REGINACS, CARVALHO JORGEJ, MACHADO ANACS. A combination of stereological methods, biochemistry and electron microscopy for the investigation of drug treatment effects in experimental animals. J Microsc 2015; 261:267-76. [DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- ALAN CN DE MORAES
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Células-Tronco, Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia; Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes; UERJ Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - CHERLEY BV ANDRADE
- Laboratório de Cardiologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho; Centro de Ciências da Saúde; UFRJ Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - CAMILA SALATA
- Laboratório de Ciências Radiológicas, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria; Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes; UERJ Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - ANA LR NASCIMENTO
- Laboratório de Ultraestutura e Biologia Tecidual, Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia; Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes; UERJ Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - ISALIRA P RAMOS
- Laboratório de Cardiologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho; Centro de Ciências da Saúde; UFRJ Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - REGINA CS GOLDENBERG
- Laboratório de Cardiologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho; Centro de Ciências da Saúde; UFRJ Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - JORGE J CARVALHO
- Laboratório de Ultraestutura e Biologia Tecidual, Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia; Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes; UERJ Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - ANA CS MACHADO
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Células-Tronco, Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia; Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes; UERJ Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
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Sharan RN, Vaiphei ST, Nongrum S, Keppen J, Ksoo M. Consensus reference gene(s) for gene expression studies in human cancers: end of the tunnel visible? Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2015; 38:419-31. [PMID: 26384826 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-015-0244-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene expression studies are increasingly used to provide valuable information on the diagnosis and prognosis of human cancers. Also, for in vitro and in vivo experimental cancer models gene expression studies are widely used. The complex algorithms of differential gene expression analyses require normalization of data against a reference or normalizer gene, or a set of such genes. For this purpose, mostly invariant housekeeping genes are used. Unfortunately, however, there are no consensus (housekeeping) genes that serve as reference or normalizer for different human cancers. In fact, scientists have employed a wide range of reference genes across different types of cancer for normalization of gene expression data. As a consequence, comparisons of these data and/or data harmonizations are difficult to perform and challenging. In addition, an inadequate choice for a reference gene may obscure genuine changes and/or result in erroneous gene expression data comparisons. METHODS In our effort to highlight the importance of selecting the most appropriate reference gene(s), we have screened the literature for gene expression studies published since the turn of the century on thirteen of the most prevalent human cancers worldwide. CONCLUSIONS Based on the analysis of the data at hand, we firstly recommend that in each study the suitability of candidate reference gene(s) should carefully be evaluated in order to yield reliable differential gene expression data. Secondly, we recommend that a combination of PPIA and either GAPDH, ACTB, HPRT and TBP, or appropriate combinations of two or three of these genes, should be employed in future studies, to ensure that results from different studies on different human cancers can be harmonized. This approach will ultimately increase the depth of our understanding of gene expression signatures across human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Sharan
- Radiation and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University (NEHU), Shillong, 793022, India.
| | - S Thangminlal Vaiphei
- Radiation and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University (NEHU), Shillong, 793022, India
| | - Saibadaiahun Nongrum
- Radiation and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University (NEHU), Shillong, 793022, India
| | - Joshua Keppen
- Radiation and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University (NEHU), Shillong, 793022, India
| | - Mandahakani Ksoo
- Radiation and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University (NEHU), Shillong, 793022, India
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Li XL, Zheng ZJ, Qu HO. Lack of association of angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism with breast cancer: An update meta-analysis based on 10405 subjects. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2014; 16:1095-100. [PMID: 24961504 DOI: 10.1177/1470320314529357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lei Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Wenling, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Jian Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Wenling, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Ou Qu
- Department of Breast Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Wenling, P.R. China
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Salata C, Ferreira-Machado SC, De Andrade CBV, Mencalha AL, Mandarim-De-Lacerda CA, de Almeida CE. Apoptosis induction of cardiomyocytes and subsequent fibrosis after irradiation and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Int J Radiat Biol 2014; 90:284-90. [PMID: 24467328 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.887869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Breast cancer treatments can induce important cardiovascular complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate cardiac alterations after irradiation and chemotherapy in an animal model. MATERIAL AND METHODS Wistar rats were divided into three groups: Control, TC+ IR (received chemotherapy and irradiation) and IR (received only irradiation). After 5 months, echocardiography was performed, the animals were euthanized, and the left ventricle was analyzed using light microscopy techniques and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). RESULTS Echocardiography showed decreases in ejection fraction and cardiac output, in TC+ IR group. Both TC+ IR and IR showed reduced intramyocardial vessel-to-cardiomyocyte ratio, increased connective tissue, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, increased numbers of apoptotic nuclei and increased Bax/Bcl2 expression. We also observed increased Transforming growth factor (TGF) beta 1 mRNA expression in both groups, but type 1 Procollagen expression was increased in TC+ IR group only. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that the induced cardiac remodelling begins with the reduction of intramyocardial vessels in the left ventricle tissue. The main consequence is the loss of cardiomyocytes through apoptosis, leading to the replacement of healthy tissue by fibrous tissue. It was observed that the damage caused by the combination of irradiation and chemotherapy induced functional alterations that did not occur when the animals were only irradiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Salata
- Laboratório de Ciências Radiológicas, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria
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