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Shao J, Yao B, Yu Z, Xu J, Wu J, Ma Y, Zheng L, Sun Z. Prevalence of ideal cardiovascular health and its relationship with relative handgrip strength in rural northeast China. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1124757. [PMID: 37332574 PMCID: PMC10275610 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1124757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives We aimed to investigate ideal cardiovascular health (CVH), its relationship with handgrip strength, and its components in rural China. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of 3,203 rural Chinese individuals aged ≥35 years in Liaoning Province, China. Of these, 2,088 participants completed the follow-up survey. Handgrip strength was estimated using a handheld dynamometer and was normalized to body mass. Ideal CVH was assessed using seven health indicators (smoking, body mass index, physical activity, diet, cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose). Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the correlation between handgrip strength and ideal CVH. Results Women had a higher rate of ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) than men (15.7% vs. 6.8%, P < 0.001). Higher handgrip strength correlated with a higher proportion of ideal CVH (P for trend <0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors, the odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of ideal CVH across increasing handgrip strength tripartite were 1.00 (reference), 2.368 (1.773, 3.164), and 3.642 (2.605, 5.093) in the cross-sectional study and 1.00 (reference), 2.088 (1.074, 4.060), and 3.804 (1.829, 7.913) in the follow-up study (all P < 0.05). Conclusion In rural China, the ideal CVH rate was low, and positively correlated with handgrip strength. Grip strength can be a rough predictor of ideal CVH and can be used to provide guidelines for improving CVH in rural China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingan Shao
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bin Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shidong Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhecong Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Institute for Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wu
- School of Nursing, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Ma
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liqiang Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoqing Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Prevalence and determinants of metabolic syndrome based on three definitions in rural northeast China. Public Health Nutr 2020; 23:3379-3386. [PMID: 32200769 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019004166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To gain more comprehensive understanding of metabolic syndrome (Mets) among in general Chinese population. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. Mets was defined by three widely accepted definitions including modified Adults Treatment Panel (ATP) III criteria, International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria and harmonized definition. Risk factors were evaluated by using multivariate logistic regression. SETTING Nineteen rural villages in northeast China. PARTICIPANTS The survey was conducted in September 2017 and May 2018 on 10 926 individuals. RESULTS According to modified ATP III criteria, IDF criteria and harmonised definition, the overall prevalence of Mets was 41·3 % (95 % CI 40·3, 42·2), 34·2 % (95 % CI 33·2, 35·1) and 44·1 % (95 % CI 43·1, 45·1), respectively. Females had a higher prevalence, and elevated blood pressure was the most frequent. Age, female sex, non-peasant worker, higher BMI and lower-annual income were independent risk factors of Mets in all three definitions (all ps < 0·05). Based on modified ATP III criteria and harmonised definition, heavy drinking was positively correlated with Mets. In contrast, former drinking was inversely associated with Mets. CONCLUSIONS Mets is highly prevalent in rural areas of northeast China. Its independent risk factors include higher age, female sex, non-peasantry worker, higher BMI and lower-annual income. Modified ATP III criteria and harmonised definition may be superior definitions of Mets.
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Li Y, Gao Q, Li L, Shen Y, Lu Q, Huang J, Sun C, Wang H, Qiao N, Wang C, Zhang H, Wang T. Additive interaction of snoring and body mass index on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Chinese coal mine employees: a cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr Disord 2019; 19:28. [PMID: 30832625 PMCID: PMC6399959 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-019-0352-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although snoring has been previously reported to be associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS), its interaction with body mass index(BMI) on MetS remains unclear. We aimed to examine the individual effects and possible interaction between snoring and BMI on MetS. METHODS From July 2013 to December 2013, 3794 employees of coal mining enterprises aged 18 to 65 were recruited from Shanxi province of China. The individual effects were assessed by multivariable logistic regression model. Additive interaction was evaluated by calculating the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion due to interaction (AP) and synergy index(S). RESULTS We found that, after adjusting for potential confounders, odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI for MetS was 1.30 (1.09, 1.56) in occasional snorers and 1.50 (1.24, 1.82) in habitual snorers compared with non-snorers. BMI ≥ 24 was related to high risk of MetS (OR, 3.27; 95% CI, 2.93-3.63). Significant additive interaction between snoring and BMI on MetS was detected. The estimates and 95% CI of the RERI, AP and S were 1.89 (0.67, 3.24), 0.23 (0.08, 0.38), and 1.37 (1.11, 1.75), respectively. However, stratified by workplace, the additive interaction was only significant among underground front-line and ground workers. CONCLUSIONS Both Snoring and BMI were related to high risk of Mets. Moreover, there are additive interaction between snoring and BMI. Snorers who worked underground front-line and ground are more susceptible to the negative impact of being overweight on MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Li
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjiannanlu Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Gao
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjiannanlu Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjiannanlu Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanan Shen
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjiannanlu Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Lu
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjiannanlu Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Jianjun Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Datong Coal Mining Group, Datong, China
| | - Chenming Sun
- Department of Urology, General Hospital of Datong Coal Mining Group, Datong, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjiannanlu Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Qiao
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjiannanlu Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjiannanlu Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjiannanlu Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjiannanlu Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 People’s Republic of China
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Gender Differences in Dietary Patterns and Their Association with the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among Chinese: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2016; 8:180. [PMID: 27023599 PMCID: PMC4848649 DOI: 10.3390/nu8040180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have investigated gender differences in dietary intake. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to examine gender differences in dietary patterns and their association with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. The food intakes of 3794 subjects enrolled by a two-stage cluster stratified sampling method were collected using a valid semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and its prevalence was 35.70% in the sample (37.67% in men and 24.67% in women). Dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis combined with cluster analysis and multiple group confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the factorial invariance between gender groups. The dominating dietary pattern for men was the “balanced” dietary pattern (32.65%) and that for women was the “high-salt and energy” dietary pattern (34.42%). For men, the “animal and fried food” dietary pattern was related to higher risk of MetS (odds ratio: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.01–1.60), after adjustment for age, marital status, socioeconomic status and lifestyle factors. For women, the “high-salt and energy” dietary pattern was related to higher risk of MetS (odds ratio: 2.27; 95% CI: 1.24–4.14). We observed gender differences in dietary patterns and their association with the prevalence of MetS. For men, the “animal and fried food” dietary pattern was associated with enhancive likelihood of MetS. For women, it was the “high-salt and energy” dietary pattern.
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Yu S, Guo X, Yang H, Zheng L, Sun Y. Metabolic syndrome in hypertensive adults from rural Northeast China: an update. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:247. [PMID: 25880417 PMCID: PMC4367840 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1587-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The last study reported the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) in hypertensive residents from rural Northeast China was conducted approximately ten years ago. The purpose of this study was to update the prevalence and epidemiological features of Metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS This survey was conducted from July 2012 to August 2013. In this study, a total of 5866 hypertensive residents from the rural Northeast China were randomly selected and examined. MetS was defined according to the to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. Data regarding the demographic and lifestyle characteristics and the blood biochemical indexes of these participants were collected by well-trained personnel. RESULTS The overall prevalence of MetS among hypertensive residents was 43.1%. Women had significantly higher incidence of MetS than men (56.4%vs. 29.2%, P < 0.001). Overall, 51.7%, 39.6%, 29.3% and 55.9% of the hypertensive adults had abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-C, and increased fasting glucose. Multivariate logistic regression, after adjusting for possible confounders, revealed the following factors that increased the risk of MetS: being female, older age, completion of education through high school, obesity, current smoking. Moderate physical activity, a family income between 5000-20000 CNY per year and higher diet score were correlated with lower rates of MetS. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of MetS was dramatically high and exhibited a remarkably increasing trend in hypertensive rural Northeast Chinese. Female had higher incidence of MetS while male had more drastically increasing trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Post code:110001, China.
| | - Xiaofan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Post code:110001, China.
| | - Hongmei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Post code:110001, China.
| | - Liqiang Zheng
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shenjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Yingxian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Post code:110001, China.
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Yu S, Guo X, Yang H, Zheng L, Sun Y. An update on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its associated factors in rural northeast China. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:877. [PMID: 25159694 PMCID: PMC4153886 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The last study reported the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) in rural Northeast China was conducted approximately ten years ago. We aimed to update the data on the prevalence and epidemiological features of MetS in rural Northeast China. Methods This survey was conducted from July 2012 to August 2013. In this study, a total of 11,496 residents from the rural Northeast China were randomly selected and examined. MetS was defined according to the ATPIII-modified criteria. Data regarding the demographic and lifestyle characteristics and the blood biochemical indexes of these participants were collected by well-trained personnel. Results The prevalence of MetS was 39.0% and was more prevalent in women than in men (45.6% vs. 31.4%, P < 0.001). Elevated blood pressure was the most common metabolic disorder in both genders (71.7% in males and 63.3% in females). Only 11.2% and 9.6% of males and females, respectively, in this study had no metabolic disorders. Multivariate logistic regression, after adjusting for possible confounders, revealed the following factors that increased the risk of MetS: being female, older age, having more than one child, a family income of >20,000 CNY per year, longer sleep duration (>9 h/d), chronic disease status, frequent consumption of beans or bean products and frequent tea drinking. Completion of education through middle school, moderate physical activity and smoking were correlated with lower rates of MetS. Conclusion The prevalence of MetS was high in the rural areas of China, especially among females. In addition to some of the more conventional risk factors associated with MetS, including age, sex, annual income and educational status, we also found that having more than one child and frequent consumption of tea and beans were risk factors for MetS, while smoking was a common factor among those that did not have MetS in rural Northeast China.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yingxian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, 110001 Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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Chen Y, Fu DY, Chen Y, He YM, Fu XD, Xu YQ, Liu Y, Feng XT, Zhang T, Wang WJ. Effects of Chinese herbal medicine Yiqi Huaju Formula on hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2013; 11:184-94. [DOI: 10.3736/jintegrmed2013031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kumbasar B, Yenigun M, Ataoglu HE, Sar F, Serez K, Turker T, Tamay S, Kutlu M, Seven C, Ebil SS, Temiz LU, Ergen K, Kaptanogullari OH, Kazancioglu R. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in different ethnic groups in Turkey. J Int Med Res 2013; 41:188-99. [PMID: 23569145 DOI: 10.1177/0300060512474137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its risk factors in various ethnic groups in Istanbul, Turkey. METHODS Study participants were aged ≥ 20 years. Risk factor components for metabolic syndrome were measured and its presence was determined in study participants. RESULTS The study included 254 Greeks, 273 West Thracians, 275 East Turkistanis and 304 Armenians. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was significantly different between groups (Greeks, 19.3%; West Thracians, 24.9%; East Turkistanis, 15.3%; Armenians, 20.4%), and increased with age in all groups. Low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were found mainly in Greeks (females, 64.5%; males, 61.6%) and West Thracians (females, 75.8%; males, 73.1%). Among East Turkistanis, HDL-C and triglyceride levels were significantly higher compared with the other ethnic groups. Hypertension was the most frequently encountered component of metabolic syndrome in East Turkistanis. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of metabolic syndrome varied between ethnic groups living in the same geographical location. In Turkey, metabolic syndrome is common. It is important to determine differences between ethnic groups, as this will assist in identifying those at higher risk of developing coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baki Kumbasar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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