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Chen X, Wei C, Zhao J, Zhou D, Wang Y, Zhang S, Zuo H, Dong J, Zhao Z, Hao M, He X, Bian Y. Carnosic acid: an effective phenolic diterpenoid for prevention and management of cancers via targeting multiple signaling pathways. Pharmacol Res 2024; 206:107288. [PMID: 38977208 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a serious global public health issue, and a great deal of research has been made to treat cancer. Of these, discovery of promising compounds that effectively fight cancer always has been the main point of interest in pharmaceutical research. Carnosic acid (CA) is a phenolic diterpenoid compound widely present in Lamiaceae plants such as Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). In recent years, there has been increasing evidence that CA has significant anti-cancer activity, such as leukaemia, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, stomach cancer, lymphoma, prostate cancer, oral cancer, etc. The potential mechanisms involved by CA, including inhibiting cell proliferation, inhibiting metastasis, inducing cell apoptosis, stimulating autophagy, regulating the immune system, reducing inflammation, regulating the gut microbiota, and enhancing the effects of other anti-cancer drugs. This article reviews the biosynthesis, pharmacokinetics and metabolism, safety and toxicity, as well as the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways of the anticancer activity of CA. This will contribute to the development of CA or CA-containing functional foods for the prevention and treatment of cancer, providing important advances in the advancement of cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Cuntao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Dandan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Shengxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Haiyue Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Jianhui Dong
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Zeyuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Man Hao
- Clinical Medical College of Acuupuncture Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Department of Ortho and MSK Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Xirui He
- School of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519041, China; UCL School of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Yangyang Bian
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
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Mahmoud N, Saeed MEM, Sugimoto Y, Klinger A, Fleischer E, Efferth T. Putative molecular determinants mediating sensitivity or resistance towards carnosic acid tumor cell responses. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 77:153271. [PMID: 32659679 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carnosic acid (CA) is one of the main constituents in rosemary extract. It possesses valuable pharmacological properties, including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-cancer activities. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies investigated the anticancer profile of CA and emphasized its potentiality for cancer treatment. Nevertheless, the role of multidrug-resistance (MDR) related mechanisms for CA's anticancer effect is not yet known. PURPOSE We investigated the cytotoxicity of CA against known mechanisms of anticancer drug resistance (P-gp, ABCB5, BCRP, EGFR and p53) and determined novel putative molecular factors associated with cellular response towards CA. STUDY DESIGN Cytotoxicity assays, bioinformatic analysis, flow cytometry and western blotting were performed to identify the mode of action of CA towards cancer cells. METHODS The cytotoxicity to CA was assessed using the resazurin assays in cell lines expressing the mentioned resistance mechanisms. A pharmacogenomic characterization of the NCI 60 cell line panel was applied via COMPARE, hierarchical cluster and network analyses. Flow cytometry was used to detect cellular mode of death and ROS generation. Changes in proteins-related to apoptosis were determined by Western blotting. RESULTS Cell lines expressing ABC transporters (P-gp, BCRP or ABCB5), mutant EGFR or p53 were not cross-resistant to CA compared to their parental counterparts. By pharmacogenomic approaches, we identified genes that belong to different functional groups (e.g. signal transduction, regulation of cytoskeleton and developmental regulatory system). These genes were predicted as molecular determinants that mediate CA tumor cellular responses. The top affected biofunctions included cellular development, cellular proliferation and cellular death and survival. The effect of CA-mediated apoptosis in leukemia cells, which were recognized as the most sensitive tumor type, was confirmed via flow cytometry and western blot analysis. CONCLUSION CA may provide a novel treatment option to target refractory tumors and to effectively cooperate with established chemotherapy. Using pharmacogenomic approaches and network pharmacology, the relationship between cancer complexity and multi-target potentials of CA was analyzed and many putative molecular determinants were identified. They could serve as novel targets for CA and further studies are needed to translate the possible implications to clinical cancer treatment.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/metabolism
- Abietanes/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/physiology
- ErbB Receptors/genetics
- ErbB Receptors/metabolism
- Humans
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Pharmacogenetics
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuha Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mohamed E M Saeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yoshikazu Sugimoto
- Division of Chemotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Green synthesis of iron nanoparticles by Rosemary extract and cytotoxicity effect evaluation on cancer cell lines. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Tang B, Tang F, Wang Z, Qi G, Liang X, Li B, Yuan S, Liu J, Yu S, He S. Upregulation of Akt/NF-κB-regulated inflammation and Akt/Bad-related apoptosis signaling pathway involved in hepatic carcinoma process: suppression by carnosic acid nanoparticle. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:6401-6420. [PMID: 27942213 PMCID: PMC5138024 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s101285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer is globally the sixth most frequent cancer, and the second leading cause of cancer death and its incidence is increasing in many countries, becoming a serious threat to human health. Many researches focused on the treatment and prevention of liver cancer. However, due to the underlying molecular mechanism of liver cancer still not fully understood, the studies and development of treatments were forced to be delayed. Akt has been suggested to play an essential role in the progression of inflammation response and apoptosis. Hence, in this study, Akt-knockout mice and cells of liver cancer were used as a model to investigate the molecular mechanism of Akt-associated inflammatory and apoptotic signaling pathway linked with NF-κB and Bcl-2-associated death promoter (Bad) for the progression of liver cancer. Carnosic acid (CA), as a phenolic diterpene with anticancer, antibacterial, antidiabetic, as well as neuroprotective properties, is produced by many species from Lamiaceae family. Administration of CA nanoparticles was sufficient to lead to considerable inhibition of liver cancer progression. The results indicated that, compared to the normal liver cells, the expression of Akt was significantly higher in liver cancer cell lines. Also, we found that Akt-knockout cancer cell lines modulated inflammation response and apoptosis via inhibiting NF-κB activation and inducing apoptotic reaction. Our results indicated that the downstream signals, including cytokines regulated by NF-κB and caspase-3-activated apoptosis affected by Bad, were re-modulated for knockout of Akt. And CA nanoparticles, acting as Akt-knockout, could inhibit inflammation and accelerate apoptosis in liver cancer by altering NF-κB activation and activating caspase-3 through Bad pathway. These findings demonstrated that the nanoparticulate drug CA performed its effective role owing to its ability to reduce inflammatory action and enhance apoptosis for the overexpression of NF-κB and Bad via Akt signaling pathway, playing a direct role in liver cancer progression. Thus, nanoparticle CA might be an important and potential choice for the clinical treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guilin Medical University Affiliated Hospital; Laboratory of Liver Injury and Repair Molecular Medicine, Guilin Medical University
| | - Fang Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guilin Medical University Affiliated Hospital; Laboratory of Liver Injury and Repair Molecular Medicine, Guilin Medical University
| | - Zhenran Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guilin Medical University Affiliated Hospital; Laboratory of Liver Injury and Repair Molecular Medicine, Guilin Medical University
| | - Guangying Qi
- Department of Pathology and Physiopathology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingsi Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guilin Medical University Affiliated Hospital; Laboratory of Liver Injury and Repair Molecular Medicine, Guilin Medical University
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guilin Medical University Affiliated Hospital; Laboratory of Liver Injury and Repair Molecular Medicine, Guilin Medical University
| | - Shengguang Yuan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guilin Medical University Affiliated Hospital; Laboratory of Liver Injury and Repair Molecular Medicine, Guilin Medical University
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guilin Medical University Affiliated Hospital; Laboratory of Liver Injury and Repair Molecular Medicine, Guilin Medical University
| | - Shuiping Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guilin Medical University Affiliated Hospital; Laboratory of Liver Injury and Repair Molecular Medicine, Guilin Medical University
| | - Songqing He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guilin Medical University Affiliated Hospital; Laboratory of Liver Injury and Repair Molecular Medicine, Guilin Medical University
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Hao L, Ran W, Xiang-Xin L, Lu-Qun W, Xiao-Ning Y. Carnosic Acid-combined Arsenic Trioxide Antileukaemia Cells in the Establishment of NB4/SCID Mouse Model. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 119:259-66. [PMID: 26998898 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite great improvement in the treatment outcome of APL, treatment failure still sometimes occurs due to the toxicity of arsenic trioxide (ATO). Damage to the heart and liver often occurs even when the dose is lower than the therapeutic dose. Based on the results of cell experiments in vitro in this study, we investigated the synergistic activity of carnosic acid (CA) combined with ATO in the SCID mouse model of human promyelocytic leukaemia in vivo. A NB4/SCID mouse model was established in this study. The NB4/SCID mice were randomly divided into three treatment groups (CA alone, ATO alone and CA combined with ATO) and a control group based on factorial design. The evaluation indicators of the curative effect of the drugs included expressions of cleaved caspase-3, PTEN, p27 gene mRNA and proteins by immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry and Western blot analysis. The survival time was compared between the four groups. The results indicated that verification of the NB4/SCID mouse model was confirmed by histopathological examination. Compared with mice treated by CA or ATO alone, the mice in the combination of CA and ATO group had a higher rate of apoptosis, which was linked with expressions of cleaved caspase-3, PTEN, p27 gene mRNA and proteins. Also, the mice with the longest survival time were those treated with the combination of CA and ATO. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicated that CA and ATO in combination have strong synergistic antileukaemic effects on cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hao
- Department of Hematology in Tumor Prevention and Treatment Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wang Ran
- Department of Hematology in Tumor Prevention and Treatment Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Li Xiang-Xin
- Department of Hematology in Tumor Prevention and Treatment Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wang Lu-Qun
- Department of Hematology in Tumor Prevention and Treatment Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yu Xiao-Ning
- Department of Hematology in Tumor Prevention and Treatment Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Petiwala SM, Johnson JJ. Diterpenes from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis): Defining their potential for anti-cancer activity. Cancer Lett 2015; 367:93-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Wang QL, Li H, Li XX, Cui CY, Wang R, Yu NX, Chen LX. Acute and 30-day oral toxicity studies of administered carnosic acid. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:4348-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Ulbricht C, Abrams TR, Brigham A, Ceurvels J, Clubb J, Curtiss W, Kirkwood CD, Giese N, Hoehn K, Iovin R, Isaac R, Rusie E, Serrano JMG, Varghese M, Weissner W, Windsor RC. An evidence-based systematic review of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration. J Diet Suppl 2012; 7:351-413. [PMID: 22432564 DOI: 10.3109/19390211.2010.525049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An evidence-based systematic review of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), including written and statistical analysis of scientific literature, expert opinion, folkloric precedent, history, pharmacology, kinetics/dynamics, interactions, adverse effects, toxicology, and dosing.
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Tai J, Cheung S, Wu M, Hasman D. Antiproliferation effect of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) on human ovarian cancer cells in vitro. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 19:436-43. [PMID: 22325591 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2011.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2011] [Revised: 12/03/2011] [Accepted: 12/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is a popular culinary/medicinal herb. Recent studies have shown it has pharmacologic activities for cancer chemoprevention and therapy. This study evaluated the antiproliferation activity of rosemary extract (RE) against human ovarian cancer cells, and whether the extract and its three main active ingredients carnosol (CS), carnosic acid (CA) and rosmarinic acid (RA) can enhance the antiproliferation activity of cisplatin (CDDP). Our study showed that RE has significant antiproliferation activity on human ovarian cancer A2780 and its CDDP resistant daughter cell line A2780CP70, with IC(50) (50% inhibitory concentration) estimated at 1/1000 and 1/400 dilutions respectively. RE enhanced the antiproliferation effect with CDDP on both A2780 and A2780CP70 cells. A2780 cells were consistently more sensitive to CS, CA, and RA than A2780CP70 cells between 2.5 and 20μg/ml. CS and RA also showed synergistic antiproliferation effect with CDDP on A2780 cells at some concentrations. RE treated by ultrafiltration, dialysis, and removal of phenolics lost the antiproliferation activity suggested that the activity resides in phenolics with MW<1000Da. Apoptosis array study of A2780 cells treated with RE showed that the expression of a number of genes regulating apoptosis were modulated by the treatment. This study showed that RE inhibited the proliferation of ovarian cancer cell lines by affecting the cell cycle at multiple phases. It induced apoptosis by modifying the expression of multiple genes regulating apoptosis, and holds potential as an adjunct to cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Tai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Canada.
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Carnosic Acid, a Rosemary Phenolic Compound, Induces Apoptosis Through Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated p38 Activation in Human Neuroblastoma IMR-32 Cells. Neurochem Res 2011; 36:2442-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-011-0573-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Pesakhov S, Khanin M, Studzinski GP, Danilenko M. Distinct combinatorial effects of the plant polyphenols curcumin, carnosic acid, and silibinin on proliferation and apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia cells. Nutr Cancer 2010; 62:811-24. [PMID: 20661831 DOI: 10.1080/01635581003693082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignancy without effective treatment for most patients. Here we demonstrate that combinations of the dietary plant polyphenols--curcumin and carnosic acid--at noncytotoxic concentrations of each agent, produced a synergistic antiproliferative effect and a massive apoptotic cell death in HL-60 and KG-1a human AML cells. In contrast, combinations of curcumin and another plant polyphenol silibinin had a predominantly additive cytostatic effect, without pronounced cytotoxicity. Neither polyphenol combination affected viability of normal human fibroblasts or proliferating and nonproliferating blood cells. Early stage of curcumin/carnosic acid-induced apoptosis was associated with cleavage (activation) of caspase-8, caspase-9, and caspase-3 and the proapoptotic protein Bid, but not with oxidative stress or altered levels of other Bcl-2 family proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, Mcl-1, Bax, and Bak). Inhibitors of caspase-8 and caspase-9 markedly attenuated apoptosis, indicating the involvement of both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways. Caspase-8 inhibition abrogated Bid cleavage and strongly reduced caspase-9 activation, suggesting that the cross-talk mechanism mediated by caspase-8-dependent Bid cleavage can contribute to the activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway by curcumin + carnosic acid. Collectively, these results suggest a mechanistic basis for the potential use of dietary plant polyphenol combinations in the treatment and prevention of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Pesakhov
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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MicroRNA-dependent regulation of PTEN after arsenic trioxide treatment in bladder cancer cell line T24. Tumour Biol 2010; 32:179-88. [PMID: 20857258 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-010-0111-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide has shown remarkable biological activity against bladder cancer in some clinical studies. However, the mechanism of its action is unknown. Our aim was to find the relationship between miRNAs and arsenic trioxide treatment by using T24 human bladder carcinoma cells. By performing microRNA microarray and quantitative real-time PCR after ATO treatment, we found that expression levels of several miRNAs, in particular, miRNA-19a, were significantly decreased in T24 cell line. Furthermore, cell proliferation assay, flow cytometry analysis, prediction of miRNA targets, Western blot analysis, and luciferase reporter assay were performed to determine the role of mir-19a in affecting the biological behaviors of T24 cells. Several miRNAs were up-regulated or down-regulated in T24 cells treated with arsenic trioxide compared to their controls. If only changes above two folds were considered, two miRNAs were identified, miRNA-19a was down-regulated, while miRNA-222* was up-regulated. Among them, knockdown of miRNA-19a by anti-miRNA-19a transfection showed a positive therapeutic effect in bladder cancer cells by inhibiting cell growth and inducing cell apoptosis targeting PTEN through the PTEN/Akt pathway. Besides this, a synergy effect was detected between knockdown of miRNA-19a and arsenic trioxide. Arsenic trioxide altered miRNA expression profile in T24 cells. It seems miRNA-19a plays a critical role in the mechanism of arsenic trioxide treatment in bladder cancer. The synergy effect between miRNA-19a and arsenic trioxide that advocates targeting the mir-19a may represent a potential approach to enhance the efficacy and safety of ATO to treat bladder cancer by a decrease in dose.
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Redondo-Muñoz J, Escobar-Díaz E, Hernández del Cerro M, Pandiella A, Terol MJ, García-Marco JA, García-Pardo A. Induction of B-Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cell Apoptosis by Arsenic Trioxide Involves Suppression of the Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase/Akt Survival Pathway via c-jun-NH2 Terminal Kinase Activation and PTEN Upregulation. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:4382-91. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Cai BZ, Meng FY, Zhu SL, Zhao J, Liu JQ, Liu CJ, Chen N, Ye ML, Li ZY, Ai J, Lu YJ, Yang BF. Arsenic trioxide induces the apoptosis in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by intracellular calcium signal and caspase-3 pathways. Toxicol Lett 2010; 193:173-8. [PMID: 20079407 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Revised: 12/08/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
It was previously reported that excessive arsenic trioxide would produce cardiovascular toxicity. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been shown to play a supporting role in cardiovascular functions. The increasing apoptosis of BMSCs commonly would promote the development of cardiovascular diseases. Thus we hypothesize that arsenic trioxide caused apoptosis in BMSCs, which provided a better understanding of arsenic toxicity in hearts. The present study was designed to investigate the proapoptotic effects of arsenic trioxide on BMSCs and explore the mechanism underlying arsenic trioxide-induced BMSCs apoptosis. We demonstrate that arsenic trioxide significantly inhibited survival ratios of BMSCs in a concentration-dependent and time-dependent manner. The Annexin V/PI staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferasemediated dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) assay also showed that arsenic trioxide markedly induced the apoptosis of BMSCs. The caspase-3 activity was obviously enhanced in the presence of arsenic trioxide in a concentration-dependent manner in BMSCs. Additionally, arsenic trioxide caused the increase of intracellular free calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) in rat BMSCs. BAPTA pretreatment may attenuate the apoptosis of BMSCs induced by arsenic trioxide. Taken together, arsenic trioxide could inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of BMSCs by modulating intracellular [Ca(2+)](i), and activating the caspase-3 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben-Zhi Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road 157, Harbin 150081, China
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Russo A, Lombardo L, Troncoso N, Garbarino J, Cardile V. Rosmarinus officinalis Extract Inhibits Human Melanoma Cell Growth. Nat Prod Commun 2009. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0900401220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosmarinus officinalis L. is receiving increasing attention due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidative constituents. Our recent studies showed that R. officinalis extract, containing 31.7 % of carnosic acid, was able to counteract the deleterious effects of UV-R, by protecting plasmid DNA from hydroxyl radicals generated by UV-A. In this work, we evaluated the effects of this extract on pBR322 DNA cleavage induced by nitric oxide, and the growth inhibitory activity against two human melanoma cell lines, M14 and A375. The extract showed a protective effect on plasmid DNA damage, and at concentrations of 10-80 μg/mL was able to reduce significantly (p<0.001) the growth (MTT assay) of both melanoma cell lines. In addition, our results indicate that apoptotic cell demise is induced in M14 and A375 cells. No statistically significant increase in LDH release was observed in melanoma cells, correlated to a fragmentation of genomic DNA, determined by COMET assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Russo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Laura Lombardo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Juan Garbarino
- Department of Chemistry, University T.F. Santa Maria, Casilla 110-V, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Venera Cardile
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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