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Zeng Z, Qin J, Guo L, Hirai T, Gui Z, Liu T, Su C, Yu D, Yan M. Prediction and Mechanisms of Spontaneous Resorption in Lumbar Disc Herniation: Narrative Review. Spine Surg Relat Res 2024; 8:235-242. [PMID: 38868799 PMCID: PMC11165499 DOI: 10.22603/ssrr.2023-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The major symptoms of lumbar disc herniation (LDH) are low back pain, radiative lower extremity pain, and lower limb movement disorder. Patients with LDH suffer from great distress in their daily life accompanied by severe economic hardship and difficulty in self-care, with an increasing tendency in the aging population. PubMed and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for relevant studies of spontaneous resorption or regression in LDH after conservative treatment and for other potential studies, which included those from inception to June 30, 2023. The objective of this narrative review is to summarize previous literatures about spontaneous resorption in LDH and to discuss the mechanisms and influencing factors in order to assess the probability of spontaneous resorption by conservative treatment. Spontaneous resorption without surgical treatment is influenced by the types and sizes of the LDH, inflammatory responses, and therapeutic factors. If the lumbar disc herniated tissue comprises a higher percentage of cartilage or modic changes have been shown on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), resorption in LDH is prevented. The bull's eye sign on enhanced MRI, which is a ring enhancement around a protruding disc, is a vital indicator for easy reabsorption. In addition, the type of extrusion and sequestration in LDH could forecast the higher feasibility of natural reabsorption. Moreover, the higher the proportion of protrusion on the intervertebral disc tissue within the spinal canal, the greater the likelihood of reabsorption. Therefore, which illustrates the feasibility of conservative treatments for LDH. Nonsurgical management of LDH with clinical symptoms is recommended by the authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Takashi Hirai
- Department of Orthopaedic and Spine Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zhiheng Gui
- Department of Orthopaedic and Spine Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic and Spine Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chen Su
- Department of Orthopaedic and Spine Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daiyang Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic and Spine Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mengmeng Yan
- Department of Orthopaedic and Spine Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Wasedar V, Pangam B, Shete S, Belaval V. Complete resolution of lumbar disc sequestration with Ayurveda management: A case report. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2023; 14:100826. [PMID: 38006747 PMCID: PMC10785238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is the most common spinal disorder among which disc sequestration is a severe type where the herniated disc fragment migrates and is completely separated from the parent disc. A 46-year-old female patient with severe lower back pain radiating to right lower limb, disability, and numbness in the affected extremity came to Panchakarma O.P.D of our hospital. She was a chronic case of disc sequestration where her symptoms were severely aggravated after a sudden jolt felt on her lower back while traveling on a motorcycle. The patient's Oswestry disability index (ODI) score was 90 % which indicates a bed-bound condition and even Schobar's test indicated a severe reduction in lumbar flexion capability. MRI showed postero-central herniation with disc sequestration at L5-S1 caused compression on the subarachnoid space and traversing S1 nerve roots. She was treated according to Ayurveda treatment principles and underwent Panchakarma like medicated enema (Basti) and fomentation of a lumbosacral region with oil (Kati Basti). She also received different oral medications on successive follow-ups. After 6 months of Ayurveda treatment, the patient showed remission in lower back pain (LBP), radiculopathy, and numbness. Her ODI score was reduced to 6 %. The MRI repeated post-treatment showed complete interval resolution of disc sequestration and no neurological compression was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwanath Wasedar
- Department of Panchakarma, KLE Academy of Higher Education & Research (KAHER) Shri.B. M. kankanwadi Ayurveda College and Research Centre, Shahapur, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590003, India.
| | - Bhagyesh Pangam
- Department of Panchakarma, KLE Academy of Higher Education & Research (KAHER) Shri.B. M. kankanwadi Ayurveda College and Research Centre, Shahapur, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590003, India; Heal Hub Ayurveda & Panchakarma Hospital, Miraj, Maharashtra, 416 410, India
| | - Sarang Shete
- Department of Orthopaedics, KLE Academy of Higher Education & Research (KAHER) Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India
| | - Vinay Belaval
- Belcity Scan and Diagnostic Centre, Ayodhya Nagar, Belagavi, 590016, Karnataka, India
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Zhang S, Wang P, Hu B, Lv X, Liu W, Chen S, Shao Z. Inhibiting Heat Shock Protein 90 Attenuates Nucleus Pulposus Fibrosis and Pathologic Angiogenesis Induced by Macrophages via Down-Regulating Cell Migration-Inducing Protein. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:960-976. [PMID: 37088454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IVDD) is usually accompanied by nucleus pulposus (NP) fibrosis and pathologic angiogenesis, which are possibly associated with macrophage infiltration. Previous research indicates a destructive role of macrophages and the protective effect of inhibiting heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) in IVDD. Herein, the effects of inhibiting HSP90 on NP fibrosis and pathologic angiogenesis induced by macrophages were investigated further. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis was used to classify fibrotic NP cell (NPC) clusters and healthy NPC clusters in human NP tissues. The fibrotic NPC clusters were possibly associated with angiogenesis-related biological processes. Immunostaining showed the spatial association between blood vessel ingrowth and macrophage infiltration, as well as elevated levels of cell migration-inducing protein (CEMIP) and vascular endothelial growth factor A in severely degenerated human IVD tissues. Particularly, HSP90 inhibitor tanespimycin (17-AAG) ameliorated macrophage-induced fibrotic phenotype of NPCs via inhibiting CEMIP. M2, but not M1, macrophages promoted the pro-angiogenic ability of endothelial cells, which was attenuated by 17-AAG or HSP90 siRNA. Reversing the fibrotic phenotype of NPCs by Cemip siRNA also mitigated the pro-angiogenic effects of M2-conditioned medium-treated NPCs. Moreover, the murine IVDD model supported the 17-AAG-induced amelioration of NP fibrosis and endothelial cell invasion in IVD tissues. In conclusion, inhibiting HSP90 attenuated two interrelated pathologic processes, NP fibrosis and pathologic angiogenesis, induced by macrophages via down-regulating CEMIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Binwu Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Lv
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weijian Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Songfeng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Lee HS, Lee IH, Kang K, Jung M, Yang SG, Kwon TW, Lee DY. Network Pharmacological Dissection of the Mechanisms of Eucommiae Cortex-Achyranthis Radix Combination for Intervertebral Disc Herniation Treatment. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211055024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Eucommiae cortex (EC) and Achyranthis radix (AR) are herbal medicines widely used in combination for the treatment of intervertebral disc herniation (IDH). The mechanisms of action of the herbal combination have not been understood from integrative and comprehensive points of view. By adopting network pharmacological methodology, we aimed to investigate the pharmacological properties of the EC-AR combination as a therapeutic agent for IDH at a systematic molecular level. Using the pharmacokinetic information for the chemical ingredients of the EC-AR combination obtained from the comprehensive herbal drug-associated databases, we determined its 31 bioactive ingredients and 68 IDH-related therapeutic targets. By analyzing their enrichment for biological functions, we observed that the targets of the EC-AR combination were associated with the regulation of angiogenesis; cytokine and chemokine activity; oxidative and inflammatory stress responses; extracellular matrix organization; immune response; and cellular processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, differentiation, migration, and activation. Pathway enrichment investigation revealed that the EC-AR combination may target IDH-pathology-associated signaling pathways, such as those of cellular senescence and chemokine, neurotrophin, TNF, MAPK, toll-like receptor, and VEGF signaling, to exhibit its therapeutic effects. Collectively, these data provide mechanistic insights into the pharmacological activity of herbal medicines for the treatment of musculoskeletal diseases such as IDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Sung Lee
- The Fore, 87 Ogeum-ro, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05542, Republic of Korea
- Forest Hospital, 129 Ogeum-ro, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05549, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hee Lee
- The Fore, 87 Ogeum-ro, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05542, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungrae Kang
- Forest Hospital, 129 Ogeum-ro, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05549, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Jung
- Forest Hospital, 129 Ogeum-ro, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05549, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Gu Yang
- Kyunghee Naro Hospital, 67, Dolma-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13586, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Wook Kwon
- Forest Hospital, 129 Ogeum-ro, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05549, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Yeon Lee
- The Fore, 87 Ogeum-ro, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05542, Republic of Korea
- Forest Hospital, 129 Ogeum-ro, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05549, Republic of Korea
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Abdel Fattah IO, Nasr El-Din WA. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor improves intervertebral disc degeneration in experimental adult male rats: A microscopic and radiological study. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 304:787-802. [PMID: 33015986 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a major contributor to low back pain (LBP). Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (GCSF) is known to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that may be implicated in intervertebral disc (IVD) regeneration. Rats were divided into the following three groups: (i) control group; (ii) IVDD group-the rats underwent Co5/Co6 and Co7/Co8 IVDD operation; and (iii) GCSF-treated group-the rats received daily GCSF subcutaneous injections starting 6 weeks after the IVDD operation and continued for 5 days. All of the rats were euthanized after 8 weeks, and IVDs were assessed by tail X-ray and histopathological, immunohistochemical, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. The X-rays showed disc narrowing in the IVDD group that was significantly widened in the GCSF-treated rats. Histologically, the IVDD group showed disarrangement of the annulus fibrosis lamellae, complete degeneration of the nucleus pulposus, and loss of proteoglycan content. These changes were improved after GCSF treatment. Vertebral endplate thickness and cellularity were significantly decreased with IVDD and significantly increased after GCSF treatment. Stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) immune expression was significantly increased in the IVDD group but decreased in the GCSF-treated group. However, the caspase-3 expression percentage showed no significant difference among the studied groups. TEM showed excessive collagen deposits around the notochordal cells in the IVDD group, which were attenuated in the GCSF-treated group. These results indicate that GCSF improves IVDD and promotes its recovery based on radiological, histological and TEM findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Omar Abdel Fattah
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Wael Amin Nasr El-Din
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.,Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
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Effects of Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1 α Secreted in Degenerative Intervertebral Disc on Activation and Recruitment of Nucleus Pulposus-Derived Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:9147835. [PMID: 31827537 PMCID: PMC6885842 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9147835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) plays a significant role in mobilizing and recruiting mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to the sites of injury. This study investigated the potential of SDF-1α released in the degenerative intervertebral disc (IVD) to activate and recruit endogenous nucleus pulposus-derived stem cells (NPSCs) for regeneration in situ. We found SDF-1α was highly expressed and secreted by the native disc cells when cultured in the proinflammatory mediators in vitro mimicking the degenerative settings. Immunohistochemical staining also showed that the expression level of SDF-1α was significantly higher in the degenerative group compared to that in the normal group. In addition to enhancement of viability, SDF-1α significantly increased the number of NPSCs migrating into the center of the nucleotomized bovine IVD ex vivo. After the systemic delivery of exogenous PKH26-labelled NPSCs into the rats in vivo, there was a significant difference in the distribution of the migrated cells between the normal and the degenerative IVDs, which might be caused by the different expression levels of SDF-1α. However, blocking CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) with AMD3100 effectively abrogated SDF-1α-stimulated proliferation and migration. Taken together, SDF-1α may be a key chemoattractant that is highly produced in response to the degenerative changes, which can be used to enhance the proliferation and recruitment of endogenous stem cells into the IVDs. These findings may be of importance for understanding IVD regenerative mechanisms and development of regenerative strategies in situ for IVD degeneration.
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Ying JW, Wen TY, Pei SS, Su LH, Ruan DK. Stromal cell-derived factor-1α promotes recruitment and differentiation of nucleus pulposus-derived stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:196-211. [PMID: 30949297 PMCID: PMC6441939 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i3.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a condition characterized by a reduction in the water and extracellular matrix content of the nucleus pulposus (NP) and is considered as one of the dominating contributing factors to low back pain. Recent evidence suggests that stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF-1α) and its receptor C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) direct the migration of stem cells associated with injury repair in different musculoskeletal tissues.
AIM To investigate the effects of SDF-1α on recruitment and chondrogenic differentiation of nucleus pulposus-derived stem cells (NPSCs).
METHODS We performed real-time RT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to examine the expression of SDF-1α in nucleus pulposus cells after treatment with pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro. An animal model of IVD degeneration was established using annular fibrosus puncture in rat coccygeal discs. Tissue samples were collected from normal control and degeneration groups. Differences in the expression of SDF-1α between the normal and degenerative IVDs were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The migration capacity of NPSCs induced by SDF-1α was evaluated using wound healing and transwell migration assays. To determine the effect of SDF-1α on chondrogenic differentiation of NPSCs, we conducted cell micromass culture and examined the expression levels of Sox-9, aggrecan, and collagen II. Moreover, the roles of SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in the migration and chondrogenesis differentiation of NPSCs were analyzed by immunofluorescence, immunoblotting, and real-time RT-PCR.
RESULTS SDF-1α was significantly upregulated in the native IVD cells cultured in vitro with pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, mimicking the degenerative settings. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the level of SDF-1α was also significantly higher in the degenerative group than in the normal group. SDF-1α enhanced the migration capacity of NPSCs in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, SDF-1α induced chondrogenic differentiation of NPSCs, as evidenced by the increased expression of chondrogenic markers using histological and immunoblotting analyses. Real-time RT-PCR, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence showed that SDF-1α not only increased CXCR4 expression but also stimulated translocation of CXCR4 from the cytoplasm to membrane, accompanied by cytoskeletal rearrangement. Furthermore, blocking CXCR4 with AMD3100 effectively suppressed the SDF-1α-induced migration and differentiation capacities of NPSCs.
CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that SDF-1α has the potential to enhance recruitment and chondrogenic differentiation of NPSCs via SDF-1/CXCR4 chemotaxis signals that contribute to IVD regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Wei Ying
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Navy General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Tian-Yong Wen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Navy General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Shi-Shen Pei
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Navy General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ling-Hao Su
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Navy General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Di-Ke Ruan
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Navy General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
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Cunha C, Silva AJ, Pereira P, Vaz R, Gonçalves RM, Barbosa MA. The inflammatory response in the regression of lumbar disc herniation. Arthritis Res Ther 2018; 20:251. [PMID: 30400975 PMCID: PMC6235196 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1743-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is highly associated with inflammation in the context of low back pain. Currently, inflammation is associated with adverse symptoms related to the stimulation of nerve fibers that may lead to pain. However, inflammation has also been indicated as the main factor responsible for LDH regression. This apparent controversy places inflammation as a good prognostic indicator of spontaneous regression of LDH. This review addresses the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in LDH regression, including matrix remodeling and neovascularization, in the scope of the clinical decision on conservative versus surgical intervention. Based on the evidence, a special focus on the inflammatory response in the LDH context is given, particularly in the monocyte/macrophage role. The phenomenon of spontaneous regression of LDH, extensively reported in the literature, is therefore analyzed here under the perspective of the modulatory role of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Cunha
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana J. Silva
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Pereira
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Neurosciences Center, CUF Porto Hospital, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Vaz
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Neurosciences Center, CUF Porto Hospital, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel M. Gonçalves
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mário A. Barbosa
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Wei JN, Cai F, Wang F, Wu XT, Liu L, Hong X, Tang WH. Transplantation of CXCR4 Overexpressed Mesenchymal Stem Cells Augments Regeneration in Degenerated Intervertebral Discs. DNA Cell Biol 2016; 35:241-8. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2015.3118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Nan Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Cai
- Department of Spine Surgery, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Tao Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of Spine Surgery, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Hao Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Zhang H, Zhang L, Chen L, Li W, Li F, Chen Q. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 and its receptor CXCR4 are upregulated expression in degenerated intervertebral discs. Int J Med Sci 2014; 11:240-5. [PMID: 24516346 PMCID: PMC3917111 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.7489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although chemokine stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) and its receptor CXCR4 induce degradation of articular cartilage in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA), the association between the SDF-1/CXCR4 pathway and degradation of the cartilaginous endplate and nucleus pulposus has not been thoroughly clarified. We investigated the expression of SDF-1 and CXCR4 in intervertebral discs (IVDs). METHODS SDF-1 and CXCR4 levels in human IVDs and the rat L5/6 motion segment were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. SDF-1 staining was quantified using a microscope and Image-Pro Plus software. Integrated optical density (IOD) served as the measurement parameter. The number of CXCR4 immunoreactive cells was expressed as a percentage of the total number of cells. RESULTS SDF-1 and CXCR4 were both expressed in IVDs, and the levels of SDF-1 and CXCR4 were both significantly higher in the degeneration group than in the normal group of human (or rat) discs. Both nucleus pulposus cells and cartilaginous endplate cells expressed the CXCR4 protein. Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between the SDF-1 IOD value and the percentage of CXCR4-positive disc cells in the nucleus pulposus and cartilaginous endplate. The SDF-1 IOD values were significantly higher in the outer annular fibrosus and bone/endplate junction region than in the nucleus pulposus and cartilaginous endplate in the rat specimens. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest upregulated expression of SDF-1 and its receptor CXCR4 in degenerated IVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- 1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- 2. Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Red Cross Hospital, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 208 East Road, Hangzhou Ring, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linwei Chen
- 1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wanli Li
- 1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangcai Li
- 1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qixin Chen
- 1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China
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Benz K, Stippich C, Osswald C, Gaissmaier C, Lembert N, Badke A, Steck E, Aicher WK, Mollenhauer JA. Rheological and biological properties of a hydrogel support for cells intended for intervertebral disc repair. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2012; 13:54. [PMID: 22490206 PMCID: PMC3375205 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-13-54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cell-based approaches towards restoration of prolapsed or degenerated intervertebral discs are hampered by a lack of measures for safe administration and placement of cell suspensions within a treated disc. In order to overcome these risks, a serum albumin-based hydrogel has been developed that polymerizes after injection and anchors the administered cell suspension within the tissue. Methods A hydrogel composed of chemically activated albumin crosslinked by polyethylene glycol spacers was produced. The visco-elastic gel properties were determined by rheological measurement. Human intervertebral disc cells were cultured in vitro and in vivo in the hydrogel and their phenotype was tested by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Matrix production and deposition was monitored by immuno-histology and by biochemical analysis of collagen and glycosaminoglycan deposition. Species specific in situ hybridization was performed to discriminate between cells of human and murine origin in xenotransplants. Results The reproducibility of the gel formation process could be demonstrated. The visco-elastic properties were not influenced by storage of gel components. In vitro and in vivo (subcutaneous implants in mice) evidence is presented for cellular differentiation and matrix deposition within the hydrogel for human intervertebral disc cells even for donor cells that have been expanded in primary monolayer culture, stored in liquid nitrogen and re-activated in secondary monolayer culture. Upon injection into the animals, gels formed spheres that lasted for the duration of the experiments (14 days). The expression of cartilage- and disc-specific mRNAs was maintained in hydrogels in vitro and in vivo, demonstrating the maintenance of a stable specific cellular phenotype, compared to monolayer cells. Significantly higher levels of hyaluronan synthase isozymes-2 and -3 mRNA suggest cell functionalities towards those needed for the support of the regeneration of the intervertebral disc. Moreover, mouse implanted hydrogels accumulated 5 times more glycosaminoglycans and 50 times more collagen than the in vitro cultured gels, the latter instead releasing equivalent quantities of glycosaminoglycans and collagen into the culture medium. Matrix deposition could be specified by immunohistology for collagen types I and II, and aggrecan and was found only in areas where predominantly cells of human origin were detected by species specific in situ hybridization. Conclusions The data demonstrate that the hydrogels form stable implants capable to contain a specifically functional cell population within a physiological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Benz
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, Reutlingen, Germany
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Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Human annulus fibrosus tissue and cells were analyzed for the presence of chemokine receptors and the migratory effect of selected chemokines. OBJECTIVE To investigate spontaneous repair mechanisms and underlying cell recruitment in response to annular tears and degenerative defects. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Resorption of herniated disc tissue and the attempt to close annulus tears with repair tissue occur spontaneously. Although chemokines are suggested to play a role in resorption of herniated disc tissue, the role of chemokines in annulus fibrosus homeostasis and repair remains unclear. METHODS Cells were isolated from annulus fibrosus tissue and expanded in the presence of human serum. Multiwell chemotaxis assays were used to analyze the migratory effect of human serum and 0 to 1000 nM concentrations of the chemokines CXCL7, CXCL10, CXCL12, CCL25, and XCL1 on annulus fibrosus cells (AFCs) (n = 9 per chemokine and dose). Presence of corresponding chemokine receptors in AFCs was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Serum (0.1%-10%) significantly (P < 0.01) stimulates the migration of AFCs. Compared with untreated cells, the migration of cells was significantly (P < 0.01) enhanced upon stimulation with 100 to 1000 nM CXCL10 and 1000 nM XCL1. Chemokine receptors showed low expression levels in expanded AFCs as assessed by polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemical staining of the CXCL10 receptor CXCR3 and the XCL1 receptor XCR1 showed that the presence of the particular receptors in AFCs expanded under conventional cell culture conditions. In native annulus fibrosus tissue, CXCR3 was evident, whereas XCR1 could not be detected. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that chemokines, in particular CXCL10, effectively recruit isolated AFCs. This suggests that chemokines are involved in annulus fibrosus homeostasis and potentially in spontaneous annulus repair attempts. This might have important implications for biological annulus-sealing strategies.
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Shi L, Lei D, Ma C, Xu F, Li Y, Wang Y, Cong N, Liu D, Pan XL. Clinicopathological implications of tumour-associated macrophages and vascularization in sinonasal melanoma. J Int Med Res 2010; 38:1276-86. [PMID: 20926000 DOI: 10.1177/147323001003800409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) and their effects on tumour vascularization in sinonasal melanoma (SNM). Data on 45 patients with SNM undergoing surgery were reviewed retrospectively. Tumour sections were analysed immunohistochemically for TAMs, microvessels, lymph vessels, and vasculogenic mimicry in both intra- and peritumoural areas. The density of intratumoural TAMs was associated with tumour thickness and with overall survival in SNM stages I and II but there were no correlations between micro- or lymph vessel density and TAM infiltration. Greater TAM infiltration was observed in tumour tissues with vasculogenic mimicry although this was not statistically significant. These data suggest that high intratumoural TAM infiltration is associated with tumour aggressiveness and a poor prognosis for SNM, and that activation of macrophages can be polarized by different micro-environments. TAMs could be potential prognostic indicators for patients with SNM.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Shi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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