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Ruolan W, Liangjiao C, Longquan S. The mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway mediates the autophagy-promoting and osteogenic effects of dicalcium silicate nanoparticles. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:119. [PMID: 32867795 PMCID: PMC7457372 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00663-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel bioactive inorganic material containing silicon, calcium and oxygen, calcium silicate (Ca2SiO4, C2S) with a CaO-SiO2 ingredient, has been identified as a potential candidate for artificial bone. Autophagy has an essential function in adult tissue homoeostasis and tumorigenesis. However, little is known about whether silicate nanoparticles (C2S NPs) promote osteoblastic differentiation by inducing autophagy. Here we investigated the effects of C2S NPs on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell differentiation (BMSCs) in osteoblasts. Furthermore, we identified the osteogenic gene and protein expression in BMSCs treated with C2S NPs. We found that autophagy is important for the ability of C2S NPs to induce osteoblastic differentiation of BMSCs. Our results showed that treatment with C2S NPs upregulated the expression of BMP2, UNX2, and OSX in BMSCs, and significantly promoted the expression of LC3 and Beclin, while P62 (an autophagy substrate) was downregulated. C2S NP treatment could also enhance Alizarin red S dye (ARS), although alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was not significantly changed. However, all these effects could be partially reversed by 3-MA. We then detected potential signaling pathways involved in this biological effect and found that C2S NPs could activate autophagy by suppressing mTOR and facilitating ULK1 expression. Autophagy further activated β-catenin expression and promoted osteogenic differentiation. In conclusion, C2S NPs promote bone formation and osteogenic differentiation in BMSCs by activating autophagy. They achieve this effect by activating mTOR/ULK1, inducing autophagy, and subsequently triggering the WNT/β-catenin pathway to boost the differentiation and biomineralization of osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Ruolan
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chen Liangjiao
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510140, China
| | - Shao Longquan
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Gholami S, Labbaf S, Houreh AB, Ting HK, Jones JR, Esfahani MHN. Long term effects of bioactive glass particulates on dental pulp stem cells in vitro. BIOMEDICAL GLASSES 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/bglass-2017-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBioactive glasses (BG) are known for their ability to induce bone formation by the action of their dissolution products. Glasses can deliver active ions at a sustained rate, determined by their composition and surface area. Nanoporous sol-gel derived BGs can biodegrade rapidly, which can lead to a detrimental burst release of ions and a pHrise. The addition of phosphate into the glass can buffer the pH during dissolution. Here, dissolution of BG with composition 60 mol% SiO
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Alves EG, Serakides R, Boeloni JN, Rosado IR, Ocarino NM, Oliveira HP, Góes AM, Rezende CM. Estudo comparativo da diferenciação osteogênica das células tronco mesenquimais da medula óssea e do tecido adiposo de cães adultos. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x201600130004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o potencial osteogênico das células tronco mesenquimais extraídas da medula óssea (CTM-MO) com as do tecido adiposo (CTM-AD) de cães adultos. As células foram caracterizadas fenotipicamente quanto à expressão de CD29, CD90, CD34 e CD45 e submetidas à diferenciação adipogênica e condrogênica por 21 dias e osteogênica por 7, 14 e 21 dias. Foram constituídos quatro grupos: 1) CTM-MO em meio osteogênico, 2) CTM-MO em meio basal, 3) CTM-AD em meio osteogênico e 4) CTM-AD em meio basal. Aos 7, 14 e 21 dias de diferenciação osteogênica as culturas foram submetidas às avaliações da conversão de MTT em formazan, da atividade da fosfatase alcalina (FA), da síntese de colágeno e de matriz mineralizada, avaliação do número de células por campo e foram quantificados os transcritos gênicos para osterix, sialoproteina óssea (BSP), osteonectina (ON) e osteocalcina (OC). Tanto as células extraídas da medula óssea quanto do tecido adiposo mostraram elevada expressão de marcadores para células tronco e baixa expressão de marcadores de células hematopoiéticas (menor que 2%). Além disso, foram capazes de se diferenciar em osteoblastos, condrócitos e adipócitos. As CTM-AD submetidas à diferenciação osteogênica mostraram maior conversão do MTT em formazan que as CTM-MO, sob mesmas condições aos 7 e 21 dias. O número de células por campo, a atividade da FA, a síntese de colágeno e de matriz mineralizada foram superior nas CTM-AD em diferenciação, em relação às CTM-MO sob as mesmas condições, em todos os tempos estudados. As expressões de osterix, BSP e OC foram predominantemente superiores nas CTM-MO diferenciadas, mas a expressão de ON foi superior nas CTM-AD diferenciadas aos 7, 14 e 21 dias. Conclui-se que as CTM-AD apresentam maior potencial osteogênico que as CTM-MO quando extraídas de cães adultos.
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Chen L, Zhang Y, Liu J, Wei L, Song B, Shao L. Exposure of the murine RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line to dicalcium silicate coating: assessment of cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory effects. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2016; 27:59. [PMID: 26800690 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-016-5668-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory effects are significant elements of the immune response to biomaterials. Previously, we reported inflammatory effects in response to dicalcium silicate (Ca2SiO4, C2S) particles. However, the immunological effects of C2S coatings have not been studied. C2S often used as coatings materials in orthopedic and dentistry applications. It may have different effect from C2S particles. Further, it remains unclear whether C2S coating is equally biocompatible as 45S5 coating. The aim of this study was to test the cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory effects of C2S coating on RAW 264.7 macrophages. C2S and 45S5 coatings were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), energy dispersive analysis (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) was used to detect ionic concentrations after soaking coated discs in medium. The cytotoxicity of C2S and 45S5 coatings against RAW 264.7 macrophages was measured using the LDH Cytotoxicity Assay Kit, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays and flow cytometry for apoptosis assays. The gene and protein expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β were detected using RT-q PCR and ELISA, respectively. The tested coating materials are not cytotoxic to macrophages. The C2S-coated surface stimulated macrophages to express pro-inflammatory mediators, such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, and C2S coating caused less IL-6 but greater IL-1β production than the 45S5 coating. C2S coating have no cytotoxicity when directly cultured with macrophages. C2S and 45S5 coatings both have the potential to induce pro-inflammatory effects, and the biocompatibility of C2S is similar to that of 45S5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510140, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Road, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Road, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Limin Wei
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Road, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Song
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Road, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Longquan Shao
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Road, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang F, Lü D, Li H, Luo C, Chang J, Long M. Bioactive calcium silicate extracts regulate the morphology and stemness of human embryonic stem cells at the initial stage. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17785a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We shed light on the impact of CS extracts on hESC's proliferation and differentiation, which is not clearly investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering
- Institute of Mechanics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Dongyuan Lü
- Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering
- Institute of Mechanics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Haiyan Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200030
- China
| | - Chunhua Luo
- Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering
- Institute of Mechanics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Jiang Chang
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Center
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200050
- China
| | - Mian Long
- Center of Biomechanics and Bioengineering
- Institute of Mechanics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
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Alves EGL, Serakides R, Rosado IR, Pereira MM, Ocarino NM, Oliveira HP, Góes AM, Rezende CMF. Effect of the ionic product of bioglass 60s on osteoblastic activity in canines. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:247. [PMID: 26423445 PMCID: PMC4589104 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0558-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the ionic product (IP) of BG60S on osteoblastic activity. The following media groups were created: DMEM, which is formed by osteoblasts in basal medium; IP DMEM, which is formed by osteoblasts in IP with basal medium; OST, which is formed by osteoblasts in osteogenic medium; and IP OST, which is formed by osteoblasts in IP with osteogenic medium. The osteoblasts were cultivated in an incubator at 37 °C and 5 % CO2 for 7, 14 and 21 days. After each period, the alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity, mineralised area per field and expression of osterix (OSX), bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteonectin (ON) and osteocalcin (OC) were evaluated by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. Results The IP significantly increased the AP activity in the IP DMEM group at 7 and 14 days and reduced the AP activity in the IP OST group at 14 and 21 days relative to their respective controls (DMEM and OST). The groups that received the IP displayed a significant increase in the percentage of mineralised area per field and more advance maturation of the extracellular matrix relative to those that did not receive IP. The IP significantly increased the expression of OSX, BSP and ON in osteoblast cultures maintained in IP DMEM compared with the control (DMEM) for the majority of studied periods. In osteogenic medium, IP also significantly increased OSX, BSP, ON and OC expression compared with the control (OST) for the majority of studied periods. Conclusions The IP of BG60S alters the gene expression of canine osteoblasts, favouring the synthesis and mineralisation of the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endrigo G L Alves
- Veterinary Medicine Program at the University of Uberaba (Universidade de Uberaba - UNIUBE), Uberaba, Brazil. .,Center for Stem Cells and Animal Cell Therapy (Núcleo de Células Tronco e Terapia Celular Animal - NCT-TCA), Department of Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Rogéria Serakides
- Center for Stem Cells and Animal Cell Therapy (Núcleo de Células Tronco e Terapia Celular Animal - NCT-TCA), Department of Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Isabel R Rosado
- Center for Stem Cells and Animal Cell Therapy (Núcleo de Células Tronco e Terapia Celular Animal - NCT-TCA), Department of Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Marivalda M Pereira
- Laboratory of Biomaterials of the Department of Metallurgic and Materials Engineering at UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Natália M Ocarino
- Center for Stem Cells and Animal Cell Therapy (Núcleo de Células Tronco e Terapia Celular Animal - NCT-TCA), Department of Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Humberto P Oliveira
- Center for Stem Cells and Animal Cell Therapy (Núcleo de Células Tronco e Terapia Celular Animal - NCT-TCA), Department of Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Alfredo M Góes
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology of the Institute of Biological Sciences at UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Cleuza M F Rezende
- Center for Stem Cells and Animal Cell Therapy (Núcleo de Células Tronco e Terapia Celular Animal - NCT-TCA), Department of Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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Liangjiao C, Ping Z, Ruoyu L, Yanli Z, Ting S, Yanjun L, Longquan S. Potential proinflammatory and osteogenic effects of dicalcium silicate particles in vitro. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2014; 44:10-22. [PMID: 25594366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to their biocompatibility and bioactivity, dicalcium silicate (C2S) and hydroxyapatite (HA) are used as coating materials for prosthetic orthopedic and dental implants or as bone substitute materials to fill bone defects. However, prostheses and bone substitutes can release particles that trigger an immune response in the recipient. The immunological effects of C2S particles have not yet been studied. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the cytotoxic effects of C2S particles on primary human monocytes, a human monocyte cell line (THP-1) and an osteoblast-like cell line (MG-63). The proinflammatory effects of C2S particles on THP-1 were also detected. Moreover, the osteogenic effects of C2S and HA on MG-63 cells were investigated. METHODS Characterization of C2S and HA was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive analysis (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunner-Emmett-Teller (BET) measurements and laser diffraction. The cytotoxic effect of C2S on primary human monocytes as well as THP-1 and MG-63 cells was measured using Trypan blue assays, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays and flow cytometry to detect apoptosis. THP-1 human monocytes with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation were exposed to C2S and HA for 6 and 24h. Thereafter, the mRNA expression and protein concentrations of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-2, TIMP-1 and TNF-α were evaluated using real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively. RANKL and OPG mRNA expression levels in MG-63 cells were examined using real-time PCR. RESULTS No significant cytotoxicity was recorded when cells were directly cultured with C2S/HA particles. After THP-1 cells were cultured with C2S/HA for 24h, MMP-2, MMP-9 and TNF-α expression increased, whereas TIMP-2 and TIMP-1 expression decreased. Compared with HA, C2S slightly increased MMP-9 expression and slightly decreased TIMP-1 expression. The MMP: TIMP ratio increased in the C2S and HA groups; however, HA significantly increased the MMP-9: TIMP-1 ratio compared with C2S. Compared with HA, C2S caused less TNF-α production. C2S/HA did not modify the expression of proinflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated cells. Furthermore, C2S/HA significantly increased OPG expression and slightly increased RANKL expression in MG-63 cells. C2S and HA decreased the RANKL: OPG ratio. CONCLUSION Our in vitro data suggest that C2S is relatively safe when directly cultured with cells. In addition, C2S may exert proinflammatory effects; however, compared with HA, C2S had fewer proinflammatory effects on THP-1. C2S and HA did not alter the LPS-induced production of proinflammatory mediators and had similar osteogenic effects on MG-63 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liangjiao
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhu Ping
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Liu Ruoyu
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhang Yanli
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Sun Ting
- The Medical Centre of Stomatology, the 1st Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Liu Yanjun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Shao Longquan
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Shin SH, Yoo JJ, Kim HN, Nam J, Kim HJ. Enhanced cellular responses of human bone marrow stromal cells cultured on pretreated surface with allogenic platelet-rich plasma. Connect Tissue Res 2012; 53:318-26. [PMID: 22329757 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2012.656859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The principal objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of surface pretreatment with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the cellular functions of human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs). The surfaces of tissue culture plates (TCPs) were pretreated by adding PRP followed by centrifugation to bring platelets closer to the surface, followed by incubation for 60 min at 37°C. Then, hBMSCs were seeded onto TCP and TCP pretreated with PRP (TCP-PRP), followed by culture in osteogenic medium. Cell attachment, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation were evaluated. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM; JSM-7401F, JEOL Ltd., Japan) observations were conducted. The attachment of hBMSCs was significantly lower on TCP-PRP than on TCP. However, when the cell numbers were normalized with those observed on day 1 of culture, cellular proliferation on 5 days was significantly higher on TCP-PRP. Alkaline phosphatase activity, an index of early phase of osteoblastic differentiation, was significantly higher on TCP-PRP on day 14. Calcium deposition amount, an index of terminal osteoblastic differentiation, was also significantly higher on TCP-PRP on days 14 and 21. The results of von Kossa staining confirmed that, on day 21, the area of mineralized nodules was significantly larger on TCP-PRP. FE-SEM observation demonstrated that activated platelets and fibrin network covered the surface after PRP treatment. An increase in the number of hBMSCs and their cellular products was evident on the FE-SEM observation, and the fibrin network remained on day 21. Our results demonstrate that a PRP-treated surface enhanced early proliferation and late osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Han Shin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
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