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Coyle R, O'Sullivan MJ, Zisterer DM. Targeting inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) with IAP inhibitors sensitises malignant rhabdoid tumour cells to cisplatin. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2022; 32:100579. [PMID: 35613525 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2022.100579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Malignant rhabdoid tumour (MRT) is a rare, aggressive paediatric malignancy most commonly diagnosed in those below the age of three. MRTs can arise in soft tissue but are more often associated with the central nervous system or kidney. Unfortunately, the prognosis upon diagnosis with MRT is poor. Given the resistance of MRT to current treatment protocols including cisplatin, and the vulnerability of this young patient population to aggressive therapies, there is a need for novel treatment options. Several members of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family including X‑linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP), cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins 1 and 2 (cIAP1/cIAP2), livin and survivin have been implicated in chemotherapy resistance in various malignancies. We have previously demonstrated expression of these IAP family members in a panel of MRT cell lines. In the present study, sensitivity of this same panel of MRT cell lines to small-molecule mediated inhibition of the IAPs via the survivin inhibitor YM155 and the XIAP/cIAP1/cIAP2 inhibitor BV6 was demonstrated. Additionally, both BV6 and the XIAP inhibitor embelin synergistically enhanced cisplatin mediated apoptotic cell death in MRT cell lines, with enhanced caspase-3 cleavage. Importantly, we have demonstrated, for the first time, expression of XIAP, its target caspase-3 and its endogenous inhibitor SMAC in rhabdoid tumour patient tissue. In conclusion, this study provides pre-clinical evidence that IAP inhibition may be a new therapeutic option in MRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Coyle
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland..
| | - Maureen J O'Sullivan
- The National Children's Research Centre, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - Daniela M Zisterer
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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2
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Tan D, Li G, Zhang P, Peng C, He B. LncRNA SNHG12 in extracellular vesicles derived from carcinoma-associated fibroblasts promotes cisplatin resistance in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Bioengineered 2022; 13:1838-1857. [PMID: 35014944 PMCID: PMC8805932 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2018099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is defined as the most universally diagnosed class of lung cancer. Cisplatin (DDP) is an effective drug for NSCLC, but tumors are prone to drug resistance. The current study set out to evaluate the regulatory effect of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) small nucleolar RNA host gene 12 (SNHG12) in extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) on DDP resistance in NSCLC cells. Firstly, NSCLC cells were treated with EVs, followed by detection of cell activity, IC50 values, cell proliferation and apoptosis, and Cy3-SNHG12. We observed that CAFs-EVs promoted IC50 values and cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis. In addition, we learned that lncRNA SNHG12 carried by CAFs-EVs into NSCLC facilitated DDP resistance of NSCLC cells. Furthermore, ELAV like RNA binding protein 1 (HuR/ELAVL1) binding to lncRNA SNHG12 and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) was verified and RNA stability of XIAP was also verified CAFs-EVs promoted RNA stability and transcription of XIAP, while silencing HuR could partially-reverse this promoting effect. Further joint experimentation showed that silencing XIAP partially inhibited DDP resistance in NSCLC cells. Additionally, the tumor growth and the positive rate of Ki67 and HuR were detected, which showed that CAFs-oe-EVs promoted the tumor and the positive rate of Ki67, as well as the levels of lncRNA SNHG12, HuR, and XIAP in vivo. Collectively, our findings indicated that lncRNA SNHG12 carried by CAFs-EVs into NSCLC cells promoted RNA stability and XIAP transcription by binding to HuR, thus augmenting DDP resistance in NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deli Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chongqing Ninth People’s Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chongqing Ninth People’s Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chongqing Ninth People’s Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chongqing Ninth People’s Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing400038, China
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Cui H, Arnst K, Miller DD, Li W. Recent Advances in Elucidating Paclitaxel Resistance Mechanisms in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and Strategies to Overcome Drug Resistance. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:6573-6595. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666191016113631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Paclitaxel (PTX) is a first-line drug for late-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients
who do not benefit from targeted therapy or immunotherapy. However, patients invariably develop
resistance to PTX upon prolonged treatments. Although diverse mechanisms leading to PTX
resistance have been well-documented in the literature, strategies to overcome PTX resistance in
NSCLC based on these mechanisms are still challenging. In this article, we reviewed recent advancements
elucidating major mechanisms of PTX resistance in NSCLC, including the overexpression of
ABC transporters, alternations to tubulin structures, and the involvement of cytokines, miRNAs, kinase
signaling pathways, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Potential markers of PTX resistance or
PTX response that could help to direct treatment decisions and restore cellular sensitivity to PTX were
also discussed. Finally, we summarized the corresponding strategies to overcome PTX resistance in
NSCLC cells, which might provide new insights into clinical trials and benefit lung cancer patients in
the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Kinsie Arnst
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Duane D. Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
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Compound A attenuates toll-like receptor 4-mediated paclitaxel resistance in breast cancer and melanoma through suppression of IL-8. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:231. [PMID: 29486738 PMCID: PMC5830047 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4155-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Paclitaxel (PTX) is a potent anti-cancer drug commonly used for the treatment of advanced breast cancer (BCA) and melanoma. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) promotes the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with cancer chemoresistance. This study aims to explore the effect of TLR4 in PTX resistance in triple-negative BCA and advanced melanoma and the effect of compound A (CpdA) to attenuate this resistance. Methods BCA and melanoma cell lines were checked for the response to PTX by cytotoxic assay. The response to PTX of TLR4-transient knockdown cells by siRNA transfection was evaluated compared to the control cells. Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and IL-8, and anti-apoptotic protein, XIAP were measured by real-time PCR whereas the secreted IL-8 was quantitated by ELISA in TLR4-transient knockdown cancer cells with or without CpdA treatment. The apoptotic cells after adding PTX alone or in combination with CpdA were detected by caspase-3/7 assay. Results PTX could markedly induce TLR4 expression in both MDA-MB-231 BCA and MDA-MB-435 melanoma cell lines having a basal level of TLR4 whereas no significant induction in TLR4-transient knockdown cells occurred. The siTLR4-treated BCA cells revealed more dead cells after PTX treatment than that of mock control cells. IL-6, IL-8 and XIAP showed increased expressions in PTX-treated cells and this over-production effect was inhibited in TLR4-transient knockdown cells. Apoptotic cells were detected higher when PTX and CpdA were combined than PTX treatment alone. Isobologram exhibited the synergistic effect of CpdA and PTX. CpdA could significantly decrease expressions of IL-6, XIAP and IL-8, as well as excreted IL-8 levels together with reduced cancer viability after PTX treatment. Conclusions The acquired TLR4-mediated PTX resistance in BCA and melanoma is explained partly by the paracrine effect of IL-6 and IL-8 released into the tumor microenvironment and over-production of anti-apoptotic protein, XIAP, in BCA cells and importantly CpdA could reduce this effect and sensitize PTX-induced apoptosis in a synergistic manner. In conclusion, the possible impact of TLR4-dependent signaling pathway in PTX resistance in BCA and melanoma is proposed and using PTX in combination with CpdA may attenuate TLR4-mediated PTX resistance in the treatment of the patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4155-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Zhang J, Zhou W, Wang X, Wang L. The CRISPR-Cas9 system: a promising tool for discovering potential approaches to overcome drug resistance in cancer. RSC Adv 2018; 8:33464-33472. [PMID: 35548117 PMCID: PMC9086466 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04509g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The CRISPR-Cas system was identified in bacteria as an immune defense mechanism against threats from the external environment. A common form of this system, called CRISPR-Cas9, is now widely used in gene editing, especially in mammalian cells. Through CRISPR-Cas9, gene knock-ins or knock-outs have become more feasible, thus deepening our understanding of the mechanisms of human diseases, including cancers, and suggesting possible treatment strategies. In this review, we discuss how CRISPR-Cas9 can be used as a tool to discover more about drug-resistance in cancers, including both the underlying mechanisms and ways to overcome them. The CRISPR-Cas system was identified in bacteria as an immune defense mechanism against threats from the external environment.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang
- PR China
| | - Wenlong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang
- PR China
| | - Xiaoxuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang
- PR China
| | - Lihui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang
- PR China
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Olaussen KA, Postel-Vinay S. Predictors of chemotherapy efficacy in non-small-cell lung cancer: a challenging landscape. Ann Oncol 2016; 27:2004-2016. [PMID: 27502726 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy (CCC) is the backbone of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment since decades and still represents a key element of the therapeutic armamentarium. Contrary to molecularly targeted therapies and immune therapies, for which predictive biomarkers of activity have been actively looked for and developed in parallel to the drug development process ('companion biomarkers'), no patient selection biomarker is currently available for CCC, precluding customizing treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed preclinical and clinical studies that assessed potential predictive biomarkers of CCC used in NSCLC (platinum, antimetabolites, topoisomerase inhibitors, and spindle poisons). Biomarker evaluation method, analytical validity, and robustness are described and challenged for each biomarker. RESULTS The best-validated predictive biomarkers for efficacy are currently ERCC1, RRM1, and TS for platinum agents, gemcitabine and pemetrexed, respectively. Other potential biomarkers include hENT1 for gemcitabine, class III β-tubulin for spindle poisons, TOP2A expression and CEP17 duplication (mostly studied for predicting anthracyclines efficacy) whose applicability concerning etoposide would deserve further evaluation. However, none of these biomarkers has till now been validated prospectively in an appropriately designed and powered randomised trial, and none of them is currently ready for implementation in routine clinical practice. CONCLUSION The search for predictive biomarkers to CCC has been proven challenging. If a plethora of biomarkers have been evaluated either in the preclinical or in the clinical setting, none of them is ready for clinical implementation yet. Considering that most mechanisms of resistance or sensitivity to CCC are multifactorial, a combinatorial approach might be relevant and further efforts are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Olaussen
- INSERM, Unit U981, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif .,Faculty of Medicine, Univ Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Kremlin-Bicêtre
| | - S Postel-Vinay
- INSERM, Unit U981, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif.,Faculty of Medicine, Univ Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Kremlin-Bicêtre.,Drug Development Department (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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Ong PS, Wang L, Chia DMH, Seah JYX, Kong LR, Thuya WL, Chinnathambi A, Lau JYA, Wong ALA, Yong WP, Yang D, Ho PCL, Sethi G, Goh BC. A novel combinatorial strategy using Seliciclib(®) and Belinostat(®) for eradication of non-small cell lung cancer via apoptosis induction and BID activation. Cancer Lett 2016; 381:49-57. [PMID: 27461583 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
With conventional anticancer agents for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) reaching therapeutic ceiling, the novel combination using histone deacetylase inhibitor, PXD101 (Belinostat(®)), and CDK inhibitor, CYC202 (Seliciclib(®)), was investigated as an alternative anticancer strategy. At clinically achievable concentration of CYC202 (15 µM), combination therapy resulted in significant reduction in cell proliferation (IC50 = 3.67 ± 0.80 µM, p < 0.05) compared with PXD101 alone (IC50 = 6.56 ± 0.42 µM) in p53 wild-type A549 cells. Significant increase in apoptosis that occurred independently of cell cycle arrest was observed after concurrent treatment. This result was corroborated by greater formation of cleaved caspase-8, caspase-3 and PARP. Up-regulation of p53 and truncated BID protein levels was seen while Mcl-1 and XIAP protein levels were down-regulated upon combined treatment. Further analysis of apoptotic pathways revealed that caspase inhibitors, but not p53 silencing, significantly abrogated the cytotoxic enhancement. Moreover, the enhanced efficacy of this combination was additionally confirmed in p53 null H2444 cells, suggesting the potential of this combination for treatment of NSCLC that are not amenable to effects of conventional p53-inducing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Shi Ong
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Li-Ren Kong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Win-Lwin Thuya
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jie-Ying Amelia Lau
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrea Li-Ann Wong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Hematology & Oncology, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Wei-Peng Yong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Hematology & Oncology, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Daiwen Yang
- Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paul Chi-Lui Ho
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Boon-Cher Goh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Hematology & Oncology, National University Health System, Singapore.
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Zhang X, Huang L, Zhao Y, Tan W. Downregulation of miR-130a contributes to cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells by targeting X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) directly. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2013; 45:995-1001. [PMID: 24145606 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmt113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, highly conserved small non-coding RNA molecules, which post-transcriptionally regulate genes expression and play crucial roles in diverse biological processes. Recent studies have shown that dysregulation of miRNAs might modulate the resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents. To investigate the possible role of miR-130a in the development of cisplatin resistance in human ovarian cancer cell line A2780, we evaluated the expression of microRNA-130a (miR-130a) in the cells by the quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that miR-130a was significantly down-regulated in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells. MTT assay and flow cytometry (FCM) results showed that over-expression of miR-130a regulated apoptotic activity, and thereby cisplatin chemosensitivity, in ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, we found that miR-130a can directly target XIAP, and participate in the regulation of apoptosis. The up-regulation of miR-130a led to a significant decrease in the XIAP mRNA levels and protein levels. XIAP plays an important role in cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cell line A2780. Our findings suggested that miR-130a could play a role in the development of cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cell line A2780, at least in part by modulation of apoptosis via targeting XIAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi'an Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xi'an Tradition Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xi'an 710001, China
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Kunze D, Erdmann K, Froehner M, Wirth MP, Fuessel S. Enhanced inhibition of bladder cancer cell growth by simultaneous knockdown of antiapoptotic Bcl-xL and survivin in combination with chemotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:12297-312. [PMID: 23749114 PMCID: PMC3709786 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140612297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The overexpression of antiapoptotic genes, such as Bcl-xL and survivin, contributes to the increased survival of tumor cells and to the development of treatment resistances. In the bladder cancer cell lines EJ28 and J82, the siRNA-mediated knockdown of survivin reduces cell proliferation and the inhibition of Bcl-xL sensitizes these cells towards subsequent chemotherapy with mitomycin C and cisplatin. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze if the simultaneous knockdown of Bcl-xL and survivin might represent a more powerful treatment option for bladder cancer than the single inhibition of one of these target genes. At 96 h after transfection, reduction in cell viability was stronger after simultaneous inhibition of Bcl-xL and survivin (decrease of 40%-48%) in comparison to the single target treatments (decrease of 29% at best). Furthermore, simultaneous knockdown of Bcl-xL and survivin considerably increased the efficacy of subsequent chemotherapy. For example, cellular viability of EJ28 cells decreased to 6% in consequence of Bcl-xL and survivin inhibition plus cisplatin treatment whereas single target siRNA plus chemotherapy treatments mediated reductions down to 15%-36% only. In conclusion, the combination of simultaneous siRNA-mediated knockdown of antiapoptotic Bcl-xL and survivin-a multitarget molecular-based therapy-and conventional chemotherapy shows great potential for improving bladder cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreen Kunze
- Department of Urology, University Hospital “Carl Gustav Carus”, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; E-Mails: (K.E.); (M.F.); (M.P.W.); (S.F.)
| | - Kati Erdmann
- Department of Urology, University Hospital “Carl Gustav Carus”, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; E-Mails: (K.E.); (M.F.); (M.P.W.); (S.F.)
| | - Michael Froehner
- Department of Urology, University Hospital “Carl Gustav Carus”, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; E-Mails: (K.E.); (M.F.); (M.P.W.); (S.F.)
| | - Manfred P. Wirth
- Department of Urology, University Hospital “Carl Gustav Carus”, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; E-Mails: (K.E.); (M.F.); (M.P.W.); (S.F.)
| | - Susanne Fuessel
- Department of Urology, University Hospital “Carl Gustav Carus”, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; E-Mails: (K.E.); (M.F.); (M.P.W.); (S.F.)
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Fang Y, Yu Y, Hou Q, Zheng X, Zhang M, Zhang D, Li J, Wu XR, Huang C. The Chinese herb isolate isorhapontigenin induces apoptosis in human cancer cells by down-regulating overexpression of antiapoptotic protein XIAP. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:35234-35243. [PMID: 22896709 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.389494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the Chinese herb Gnetum cleistostachyum has been used as a remedy for cancers for hundred years, the active compounds and molecular mechanisms underlying its anti-cancer activity have not been explored. Recently a new derivative of stilbene compound, isorhapontigenin (ISO), was isolated from this Chinese herb. In the present study, we examined the potential of ISO in anti-cancer activity and the mechanisms involved in human cancer cell lines. We found that ISO exhibited significant inhibitory effects on human bladder cancer cell growth that was accompanied by marked apoptotic induction as well as down-regulation of the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP). Further studies have shown that ISO down-regulation of XIAP protein expression was only observed in endogenous XIAP, but not in constitutionally exogenously expressed XIAP in the same cells, excluding the possibility of ISO regulating XIAP expression at the level of protein degradation. We also identified that ISO down-regulated XIAP gene transcription via inhibition of Sp1 transactivation. There was no significant effect of ISO on apoptosis and colony formation of cells transfected with exogenous HA-tagged XIAP. Collectively, current studies, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, identify ISO as a major active compound for the anti-cancer activity of G. cleistostachyum by down-regulation of XIAP expression and induction of apoptosis through specific targeting of a SP1 pathway, and cast new light on the treatment of the cancer patients with XIAP overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Fang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York 10987; Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, ZheJiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
| | - Yonghui Yu
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York 10987
| | - Qi Hou
- Materia Medica of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York 10987
| | - Min Zhang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York 10987
| | - Dongyun Zhang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York 10987
| | - Jingxia Li
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York 10987
| | - Xue-Ru Wu
- Department of Urology and Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
| | - Chuanshu Huang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York 10987.
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