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Yang TR, Ji P, Deng X, Feng XX, He ML, Wang RR, Li XH. Ct-based diagnosis of sarcopenia as a prognostic factor for postoperative mortality after elective open-heart surgery in older patients: a cohort-based systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1378462. [PMID: 39040869 PMCID: PMC11261807 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1378462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiac open-heart surgery, which usually involves thoracotomy and cardiopulmonary bypass, is associated with a high incidence of postoperative mortality and adverse events. In recent years, sarcopenia, as a common condition in older patients, has been associated with an increased incidence of adverse prognosis. Methods We conducted a search of databases including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane, with the search date up to January 1, 2024, to identify all studies related to elective cardiac open-heart surgery in older patients. We used the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach to assess the certainty of evidence. Results A total of 12 cohort studies were included in this meta-analysis for analysis. This meta-analysis revealed that patients with sarcopenia had a higher risk of postoperative mortality. Furthermore, the total length of hospital stay and ICU stay were longer after surgery. Moreover, there was a higher number of patients requiring further healthcare after discharge. Regarding postoperative complications, sarcopenia patients had an increased risk of developing renal failure and stroke. Conclusion Sarcopenia served as a tool to identify high-risk older patients undergoing elective cardiac open-heart surgery. By identifying this risk factor early on, healthcare professionals took targeted steps to improve perioperative function and made informed clinical decisions.Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42023426026.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao-Ran Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- The Research Units of West China (2018RU012)-Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Peng Ji
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xi-Xia Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- The Research Units of West China (2018RU012)-Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Meng-Lin He
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- The Research Units of West China (2018RU012)-Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ru-Rong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- The Research Units of West China (2018RU012)-Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chengdu Shang Jin Nan Fu Hospital/Shang Jin Hospital of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue-Han Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- The Research Units of West China (2018RU012)-Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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An KR, Sandner S, Redfors B, Alexander JH, Alzghari T, Caldonazo T, Cancelli G, Dell'Aquila M, Dimagli A, Gibson CM, Harik L, Heise R, Kulik A, Lamy A, Leith J, Peper J, Perezgrovas-Olaria R, Rossi CS, Ruel M, Soletti GJ, Ten Berg JM, Willemsen LM, Wojdyla DM, Zhao Q, Zhu Y, Verma S, Gaudino MFL. Association between overweight and obesity with coronary artery bypass graft failure: an individual patient data analysis of clinical trials. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2024; 65:ezae221. [PMID: 38830050 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezae221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The association between obesity and graft failure after coronary artery bypass grafting has not been previously investigated. METHODS We pooled individual patient data from randomized clinical trials with systematic postoperative coronary imaging to evaluate the association between obesity and graft failure at the individual graft and patient levels. Penalized cubic regression splines and mixed-effects multivariable logistic regression models were performed. RESULTS Six trials comprising 3928 patients and 12 048 grafts were included. The median time to imaging was 1.03 (interquartile range 1.00-1.09) years. By body mass index (BMI) category, 800 (20.4%) patients were normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9), 1668 (42.5%) were overweight (BMI 25-29.9), 983 (25.0%) were obesity class 1 (BMI 30-34.9), 344 (8.8%) were obesity class 2 (BMI 35-39.9) and 116 (2.9%) were obesity class 3 (BMI 40+). As a continuous variable, BMI was associated with reduced graft failure [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.98 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.97-0.99)] at the individual graft level. Compared to normal weight patients, graft failure at the individual graft level was reduced in overweight [aOR 0.79 (95% CI 0.64-0.96)], obesity class 1 [aOR 0.81 (95% CI 0.64-1.01)] and obesity class 2 [aOR 0.61 (95% CI 0.45-0.83)] patients, but not different compared to obesity class 3 [aOR 0.94 (95% CI 0.62-1.42)] patients. Findings were similar, but did not reach significance, at the patient level. CONCLUSIONS In a pooled individual patient data analysis of randomized clinical trials, BMI and obesity appear to be associated with reduced graft failure at 1 year after coronary artery bypass grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R An
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sigrid Sandner
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Björn Redfors
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - John H Alexander
- Department of Medicine and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Talal Alzghari
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tulio Caldonazo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gianmarco Cancelli
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michele Dell'Aquila
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arnaldo Dimagli
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Michael Gibson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lamia Harik
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachel Heise
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Kulik
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Boca Raton Regional Hospital and Florida Atlantic Hospital, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Andre Lamy
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jordan Leith
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joyce Peper
- Department of Cardiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Netherlands
| | | | - Camilla S Rossi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marc Ruel
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Giovanni Jr Soletti
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Laura M Willemsen
- Department of Cardiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Netherlands
| | - Daniel M Wojdyla
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunpeng Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mario F L Gaudino
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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3
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Shibasaki I, Otani N, Ouchi M, Fukuda T, Matsuoka T, Hirota S, Yokoyama S, Kanazawa Y, Kato T, Shimizu R, Tezuka M, Takei Y, Tsuchiya G, Saito S, Konishi T, Ogata K, Toyoda S, Fukuda H, Nakajima T. Utility of growth differentiation factor-15 as a predictor of cardiovascular surgery outcomes: Current research and future directions. J Cardiol 2024; 83:211-218. [PMID: 37648079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2023.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
In a world increasingly confronted by cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and an aging population, accurate risk assessment prior to cardiac surgery is critical. Although effective, traditional risk calculators such as the Japan SCORE, Society of Thoracic Surgeons score, and EuroSCORE II may not completely capture contemporary risks, particularly due to emerging factors such as frailty and sarcopenia. These calculators often focus on regional and ethnic specificity and rely heavily on evaluations based on age and underlying diseases. Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a stress-responsive cytokine that has been identified as a potential biomarker for sarcopenia and a tool for future cardiac risk assessment. Preoperative plasma GDF-15 levels have been associated with preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative factors and short- and long-term mortality rates in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Increased plasma GDF-15 levels have prognostic significance, having been correlated with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass during surgery, amount of bleeding, postoperative acute kidney injury, and intensive care unit stay duration. Notably, the inclusion of preoperative levels of GDF-15 in risk stratification models enhances their predictive value, especially when compared with those of the N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide, which does not lead to reclassification. Thus, this review examines traditional risk assessments for cardiac surgery and the role of the novel biomarker GDF-15. This study acknowledges that the relationship between patient outcomes and elevated GDF-15 levels is not limited to CVDs or cardiac surgery but can be associated with variable diseases, including diabetes and cancer. Moreover, the normal range of GDF-15 is not well defined. Given its promise for improving patient care and outcomes in cardiovascular surgery, future research should explore the potential of GDF-15 as a biomarker for postoperative outcomes and target therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuko Shibasaki
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, School of Medicine, Mibu, Japan.
| | - Naoyuki Otani
- Department of Cardiology, Dokkyo Medical University, Nikko Medical Center, Nikko, Japan
| | - Motoshi Ouchi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dokkyo Medical University, School of Medicine, Mibu, Japan; Department of Health Promotion in Nursing and Midwifery, Innovative Nursing for Life Course, Chiba University Graduate School of Nursing, Chiba, Japan
| | - Taira Fukuda
- Department of Liberal Arts and Human Development, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Taiki Matsuoka
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, School of Medicine, Mibu, Japan
| | - Shotaro Hirota
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, School of Medicine, Mibu, Japan
| | - Shohei Yokoyama
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, School of Medicine, Mibu, Japan
| | - Yuta Kanazawa
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, School of Medicine, Mibu, Japan
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Maebashi Red Cross Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Riha Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Maebashi Red Cross Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tezuka
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, School of Medicine, Mibu, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takei
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, School of Medicine, Mibu, Japan
| | - Go Tsuchiya
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, School of Medicine, Mibu, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Saito
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, School of Medicine, Mibu, Japan
| | - Taisuke Konishi
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, School of Medicine, Mibu, Japan
| | - Koji Ogata
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, School of Medicine, Mibu, Japan
| | - Shigeru Toyoda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, School of Medicine, Mibu, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Fukuda
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, School of Medicine, Mibu, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Nakajima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, School of Medicine, Mibu, Japan
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4
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Niebauer J, Bäck C, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Dehbi HM, Szekely A, Völler H, Sündermann SH. Preinterventional frailty assessment in patients scheduled for cardiac surgery or transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a consensus statement of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS) and the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur J Prev Cardiol 2024; 31:146-181. [PMID: 37804173 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwad304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Josef Niebauer
- Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Institute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation, Salzburg, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Prevention, Salzburg, Austria
- REHA-Zentrum Salzburg, University Hospital Salzburg, Austria
| | - Caroline Bäck
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, RT, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Heike A Bischoff-Ferrari
- Center on Ageing and Mobility, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hakim-Moulay Dehbi
- University College London, Comprehensive Clinical Trials Unit, London, Great Britain
| | - Andrea Szekely
- Semmelweis University, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Heinz Völler
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Potsdam, Germany
- Klinik am See, Rehabilitation Centre for Internal Medicine, Rüdersdorf, Germany
| | - Simon H Sündermann
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Berlin, Germany
- Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center of Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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5
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Sündermann SH, Bäck C, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Dehbi HM, Szekely A, Völler H, Niebauer J. Preinterventional frailty assessment in patients scheduled for cardiac surgery or transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a consensus statement of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS) and the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2023; 64:ezad181. [PMID: 37804175 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezad181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Simon H Sündermann
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Berlin, Germany
- Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center of Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Caroline Bäck
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, RT, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Heike A Bischoff-Ferrari
- Center on Ageing and Mobility, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hakim-Moulay Dehbi
- University College London, Comprehensive Clinical Trials Unit, London, Great Britain
| | - Andrea Szekely
- Semmelweis University, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Heinz Völler
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Potsdam, Germany
- Klinik am See, Rehabilitation Centre for Internal Medicine, Rüdersdorf, Germany
| | - Josef Niebauer
- Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Institute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation, Salzburg, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Prevention, Salzburg, Austria
- REHA-Zentrum Salzburg, University Hospital Salzburg, Austria
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6
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Ansaripour A, Arjomandi Rad A, Koulouroudias M, Angouras D, Athanasiou T, Kourliouros A. Sarcopenia Adversely Affects Outcomes following Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5573. [PMID: 37685640 PMCID: PMC10488406 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is a degenerative condition characterised by the loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. Its impact on cardiac surgery outcomes remains poorly investigated. This meta-analysis aims to provide a comprehensive synthesis of the available evidence to determine the effect of sarcopenia on cardiac surgery outcomes. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis followed PRISMA guidelines from inception to April 2023 in EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane database, and Google Scholar. Twelve studies involving 2717 patients undergoing cardiac surgery were included. Primary outcomes were early and late mortality; secondary outcomes included surgical time, infection rates, and functional outcomes. Statistical analyses were performed using appropriate methods. RESULTS Sarcopenic patients (906 patients) had a significantly higher risk of early mortality (OR: 2.40, 95% CI: 1.44 to 3.99, p = 0.0007) and late mortality (OR: 2.65, 95% CI: 1.57 to 4.48, p = 0.0003) compared to non-sarcopenic patients (1811 patients). There were no significant differences in overall surgical time or infection rates. However, sarcopenic patients had longer ICU stays, higher rates of renal dialysis, care home discharge, and longer intubation times. CONCLUSION Sarcopenia significantly increases the risk of early and late mortality following cardiac surgery, and sarcopenic patients also experience poorer functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ansaripour
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK;
| | | | - Marinos Koulouroudias
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Dimitrios Angouras
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece
| | - Thanos Athanasiou
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK
| | - Antonios Kourliouros
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK;
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7
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Damluji AA, Alfaraidhy M, AlHajri N, Rohant NN, Kumar M, Al Malouf C, Bahrainy S, Ji Kwak M, Batchelor WB, Forman DE, Rich MW, Kirkpatrick J, Krishnaswami A, Alexander KP, Gerstenblith G, Cawthon P, deFilippi CR, Goyal P. Sarcopenia and Cardiovascular Diseases. Circulation 2023; 147:1534-1553. [PMID: 37186680 PMCID: PMC10180053 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.064071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle strength, mass, and function, which is often exacerbated by chronic comorbidities including cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and cancer. Sarcopenia is associated with faster progression of cardiovascular diseases and higher risk of mortality, falls, and reduced quality of life, particularly among older adults. Although the pathophysiologic mechanisms are complex, the broad underlying cause of sarcopenia includes an imbalance between anabolic and catabolic muscle homeostasis with or without neuronal degeneration. The intrinsic molecular mechanisms of aging, chronic illness, malnutrition, and immobility are associated with the development of sarcopenia. Screening and testing for sarcopenia may be particularly important among those with chronic disease states. Early recognition of sarcopenia is important because it can provide an opportunity for interventions to reverse or delay the progression of muscle disorder, which may ultimately impact cardiovascular outcomes. Relying on body mass index is not useful for screening because many patients will have sarcopenic obesity, a particularly important phenotype among older cardiac patients. In this review, we aimed to: (1) provide a definition of sarcopenia within the context of muscle wasting disorders; (2) summarize the associations between sarcopenia and different cardiovascular diseases; (3) highlight an approach for a diagnostic evaluation; (4) discuss management strategies for sarcopenia; and (5) outline key gaps in knowledge with implications for the future of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulla A Damluji
- Inova Center of Outcomes Research, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (A.A.D., W.B.B., C.R.D.)
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (A.A.D., M.A., G.G.)
| | - Maha Alfaraidhy
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (A.A.D., M.A., G.G.)
| | - Noora AlHajri
- Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (N.A.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wayne B Batchelor
- Inova Center of Outcomes Research, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (A.A.D., W.B.B., C.R.D.)
| | - Daniel E Forman
- University of Pittsburgh and the Pittsburgh Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, PA (D.E.F.)
| | | | | | | | - Karen P Alexander
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC (K.P.A.)
| | - Gary Gerstenblith
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (A.A.D., M.A., G.G.)
| | | | - Christopher R deFilippi
- Inova Center of Outcomes Research, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (A.A.D., W.B.B., C.R.D.)
| | - Parag Goyal
- University of Arizona, Tucson (N.N.R., P.G.)
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8
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Hartog J, Dijkstra S, Dieperink W, Hoekstra T, Fleer J, van der Woude LHV, van der Harst P, Nijsten M, Mariani MA, Blokzijl F. Muscle strength trajectories and their association with postoperative health-related quality of life in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: a prospective cohort study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:20. [PMID: 36646994 PMCID: PMC9841699 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03056-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with sarcopenia have a higher risk of poor recovery after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Little is known about the impact of changes in muscle strength (the primary indicator for sarcopenia) on health-related quality of life (HR-QoL). This study aimed to (1) identify subgroups with different muscle strength trajectories, (2) identify differences in preoperative risk factors among trajectory group membership, and (3) explore their prognostic value on postoperative HR-QoL in patients undergoing CABG. METHODS In this prospective observational study 131 patients undergoing elective CABG completed grip strength tests and HR-QoL questionnaires. Latent Class Growth Mixture Modelling (LCGMM) was used to identify clinically relevant trajectories (> 5% of study population) for weight-normalised grip strength, measured at admission, 3 days, and 6 months after surgery. Differences between trajectory group membership at baseline were evaluated. The impact of trajectory group membership on postoperative HR-QoL was evaluated with multiple linear regression models. RESULTS Due to low numbers (n = 15), female patients were excluded from LCGMM and subsequent statistical analyses. In males (n = 116), we identified two main weight-normalised grip strength trajectories: a "stable average" trajectory with a slight decline immediately post-surgery and recovery to preoperative levels (n = 85) and a "high" trajectory with a considerable immediate decline after surgery but followed towards a higher level of recovery compared to preoperative level (n = 27). The "stable average" patients were older (68 vs. 57 years; P = 0.003), had more diabetes (27% vs. 4%; P = 0.01) and had a higher BMI (27.8 vs. 24.8; P = 0.005) compared to the "high" group. After correction for age, diabetes, and baseline HR-QoL, group trajectory membership was not associated with postoperative HR-QoL, yet an increase in individual change scores of weight-normalised grip strength was associated with a better postoperative HR-QoL. We also identified one small trajectory group (n = 4, ≤ 5%). CONCLUSIONS This study showed two relevant weight-normalised grip strength trajectories in male patients undergoing CABG, varying in important preoperative risk factors. While change scores of grip strength per weight did predict postoperative HR-QoL, the trajectory subgroups could not predict postoperative HR-QoL. Future research should focus on female patients, reacting potentially different on CABG and/or rehabilitation treatment. Trial registration NCT03774342, 12-12-2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanneke Hartog
- grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, AB41, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Dijkstra
- grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, AB41, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Dieperink
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands ,grid.411989.c0000 0000 8505 0496Research Group Nursing Diagnostics, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Trynke Hoekstra
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Health Sciences and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joke Fleer
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Department of Health Psychology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lucas H. V. van der Woude
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pim van der Harst
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands ,grid.7692.a0000000090126352Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Nijsten
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Massimo A. Mariani
- grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, AB41, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fredrike Blokzijl
- grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, AB41, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands ,grid.411989.c0000 0000 8505 0496Research Group Nursing Diagnostics, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
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9
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Shibasaki I, Ouchi M, Fukuda T, Tsuchiya G, Ogawa H, Takei Y, Tezuka M, Kanazawa Y, Katayanagi S, Nozawa N, Mizushima T, Toyoda S, Fukuda H, Nakajima T. Effect of sarcopenia on hospital stay from post cardiac surgery to discharge. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2022; 39:101003. [PMID: 35313647 PMCID: PMC8933819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2022.101003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ikuko Shibasaki
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuga, Japan
- Corresponding author at: Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Shimotsugagun, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan.
| | - Motoshi Ouchi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuga, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Taira Fukuda
- Department of Liberal Arts and Human Development, Kanagawa University of Human Services
| | - Go Tsuchiya
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuga, Japan
| | - Hironaga Ogawa
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuga, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takei
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuga, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tezuka
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuga, Japan
| | - Yuta Kanazawa
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuga, Japan
| | - Satoshi Katayanagi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuga, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Naohiro Nozawa
- Department of Rehabilitation, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuga, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takashi Mizushima
- Department of Rehabilitation, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuga, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shigeru Toyoda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuga, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Fukuda
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuga, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Nakajima
- Department of Rehabilitation, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuga, Tochigi, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuga, Japan
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10
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Sundar VV, Ong SH, Easaw MEPM, Chee WSS. Sarcopenia with co-existent type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with worse clinical outcomes among hospitalised cardiac patients. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 46:380-385. [PMID: 34857224 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Sarcopenia has been shown associated with functional decline, disability, poorer quality of life and mortality. However, there are limited studies among hospitalised cardiac patients in Malaysia. This study aimed to identify the association of sarcopenia and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with clinical outcomes among hospitalised cardiac patients. METHODS This prospective observational study assessed 100 patients who were admitted to the general wards at the National Heart Institute. We measured handgrip strength, body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and recorded the length of stay (LOS), unplanned readmission and incidence of infection within 90 days after discharge. Logistic regression analysis at a significant level p < 0.05 was used to identify the association between sarcopenia and clinical outcomes. RESULTS The prevalence of sarcopenia was 63%, and this was similar in patients with or without T2DM. After adjustment, sarcopenia was significantly associated with 90-day unplanned readmission (adjusted OR 3.5; 95%CI 1.40-8.77; p = 0.007) and LOS (AOR 0.4; 95%CI 0.16-0.88; p = 0.026). After adjustment, the co-existent of T2DM and sarcopenia was significantly associated with 90-day unplanned readmission (AOR 7.3; 95%CI 1.82-29.66; p = 0.005) and 90-day incidence of infection (AOR 4.4; 95%CI 1.12-17.52; p = 0.033). CONCLUSION Sarcopenia with co-existent T2DM was associated with increased risk for readmission and infection among hospitalised cardiac patients. Early identification of sarcopenia is important for timely intervention to improve prognosis in hospitalised cardiac patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vatana V Sundar
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No.126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Dietetics and Food Services, National Heart Institute, 145, Jalan Tun Razak, 50400, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Shu Hwa Ong
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No.126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Mary Easaw P M Easaw
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No.126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Winnie Siew Swee Chee
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No.126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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11
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Joshi A, Mancini R, Probst S, Abikhzer G, Langlois Y, Morin JF, Rudski LG, Afilalo J. Sarcopenia in cardiac surgery: Dual X-ray absorptiometry study from the McGill frailty registry. Am Heart J 2021; 239:52-58. [PMID: 33957101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine the prevalence and prognostic value of sarcopenia measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and physical performance tests in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery or heart valve procedures. METHODS Adults undergoing cardiac surgery were prospectively enrolled and completed a questionnaire, physical performance battery, and a DXA scan (GE Lunar) to measure appendicular muscle mass indexed to height2 (AMMI). Patients were categorized as sarcopenic based on European Working Group 2 guidelines if they had low AMMI defined as <7 kg/m2 for men or <5.5 kg/m2 for women, and low muscle strength defined as 5 chair rise time ≥15 seconds. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to test the association between sarcopenia and all-cause mortality over a median follow-up of 4.3 years. RESULTS The cohort consisted of 141 patients with a mean age of 69.7 ± 10.0 years and 21% females. The prevalence rates of low AMMI, slow chair rise time, and sarcopenia (low AMMI and slow chair rise time) were 24%, 57%, 13%, respectively. The 4-year survival rate was 79% in the non-sarcopenic group as compared to 56% in the sarcopenic group (Log-rank P = 0.01). In the multivariable model, each standard deviation of decreasing AMMI and increasing chair rise time was associated with a hazard ratio for all-cause mortality of 1.84 (95% CI 1.18, 2.86) and 1.79 (95% CI 1.26, 2.54), respectively. CONCLUSION Lower-extremity muscle strength and DXA-based muscle mass are objective indicators of sarcopenia that are independently predictive of all-cause mortality in older cardiac surgery patients.
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12
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Effects of Slowness, Frailty, Insufficient Intake, and Delirium in Patients Following Cardiac Surgery: A Cohort Study. J Cardiovasc Nurs 2021; 36:556-564. [PMID: 33764940 DOI: 10.1097/jcn.0000000000000797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Slow gait, frailty, insufficient postoperative caloric intake, and delirium, although seemingly distinct, can appear simultaneously in patients who underwent cardiac surgery. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate how these 4 factors overlap and how they individually and cumulatively affect cardiac surgery outcomes. METHODS The effects of slowness (gait speed <0.83 m/s), frailty (≥3/5 Fried criteria), insufficient postoperative intake (<800 kcal/d), and delirium (defined by the Confusion Assessment Method) on hospital length of stay (LOS) and 3-month mortality were analyzed in 308 adult patients. RESULTS Slowness, frailty, insufficient intake, and delirium affected 27.5%, 29.5%, 31.5%, and 13.3% of participants, respectively; only 42.2% (130/308) were free from these risks. Risk overlap was prevalent, as 26.3% (n = 81) had 2 or more risk factors. The most obvious overlap was in delirium (80% of delirious participants had other risks), suggesting that delirium cannot be managed in isolation. Individually, whereas slowness was associated only with longer LOS, frailty, insufficient intake, and delirium all led to longer LOS and higher mortality. When equally weighting each risk factor to analyze their cumulative effects, LOS increased by 4.4 days (95% confidence interval, 3.0-5.7) and 3-month mortality increased by 2.6-fold (95% confidence interval, 1.4-4.6), with each risk factor added, independent of participants' educational level, body mass index, and risk for cardiac surgery (EuroSCORE II ≥6). CONCLUSIONS Because a clinical overlap of slowness, frailty, insufficient postoperative intake, and delirium was evident in patients who underwent cardiac surgery, and risk of death and longer hospital stay increased with each factor added, care should be revised to consider these overlapping factors to maximize patient outcomes.
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13
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Abstract
Non-randomised study designs are frequently used by researchers in cardiovascular nursing and allied professions. Baseline differences between the groups to be compared may introduce bias in the results. Methods for causal inference address this issue. One such method is propensity weighting, in which two or more treatments/exposure groups are weighted to make the groups as comparable as possible. As such, it mimics a randomised controlled trial design. In this article, the Twang package is presented for propensity weighting, and its use is exemplified in a study on smoking and cannabis consumption in adults with congenital heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Moons
- KU Leuven Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Belgium.,Institute of Health and Care Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa
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14
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Yuenyongchaiwat K, Kulchanarat C, Satdhabudha O. Sarcopenia in open heart surgery patients: A cohort study. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05759. [PMID: 33364510 PMCID: PMC7753126 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sarcopenia is a condition characterized by loss of muscle mass, muscle strength, or physical performance. It has been reported that cardiac surgery causes systemic inflammatory response, which leads to sarcopenia. In addition, open-heart surgery (OHS) has been associated with length of hospital stay, prolonged mechanical ventilation, and postoperative pulmonary complications. However, very few studies have explored the association of sarcopenia with OHS. Thus, this study explores the prevalence of sarcopenia in OHS patients as well as their relationship. Methods This cohort study included 160 patients; it was designed to assess sarcopenia during preoperative OHS and before patient discharge from the hospital. Sarcopenia was defined according to Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) criteria as low muscle mass plus low muscle strength and/or slow gait speed. Participants were requested to perform exercises to test their handgrip strength, gait speed, and bioelectrical impedance. In addition, their medical history (e.g., duration of hospitalization and mechanical ventilation) was recorded. Results The prevalence of sarcopenia during preoperative OHS was 26.9%, with affected men comprising 11.9% and affected women comprising 15% of the total sample. Participants with sarcopenia had a significantly lower body mass index (BMI) than those without. Further, patients who had longer stays in the hospital and prolonged mechanical ventilation time showed significantly higher rates of developing sarcopenia. During postoperative OHS, the incidence of sarcopenia rose by 20.92%, increasing the total prevalence of sarcopenia to 46.41%. Moreover, advanced age emerged as one of the most significant risk factors of sarcopenia. Participants in the age group >55 years had an increased risk of sarcopenia (odds ratio [OR]: 3.90). It was also found that patients with a low BMI (<23 kg∗m−2) and a history of diabetes mellitus (DM) had an increased risk of sarcopenia (ORs: 2.11 and 1.47, respectively). Moreover, longer hospital stays and mechanical ventilation times were important risk factors (ORs: 1.58 and 2.07, respectively). Conclusion The prevalence of sarcopenia was observed to be high during postoperative OHS. Participants with sarcopenia who underwent OHS had a history of DM, longer length of hospital stays, and prolonged mechanical ventilation times, compared with patients without sarcopenia. Clinical trial registration number TCTR20190509003.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornanong Yuenyongchaiwat
- Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Thailand.,Thammasat University Research Unit in Physical Therapy in Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems, Thailand
| | - Chitima Kulchanarat
- Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Thailand
| | - Opas Satdhabudha
- Division of Cardiovascular Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Thammasat University Hospital, Thailand
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15
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Li HC, Wei YC, Hsu RB, Chi NH, Wang SS, Chen YS, Chen SY, Chen CCH, Inouye SK. Surviving and Thriving 1 Year After Cardiac Surgery: Frailty and Delirium Matter. Ann Thorac Surg 2020; 111:1578-1584. [PMID: 32949611 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We compared 1-year functional outcomes for 4 cardiac surgery patient groups: comparison (without preoperative frailty or postoperative delirium [POD]), frailty only (with preoperative frailty only), POD only (with POD only), and frailty-POD (combined frailty and POD). METHODS Consecutive cardiac surgery patients (n = 298) at a university hospital were assessed for preoperative frailty using Fried's phenotype, and POD was assessed daily for 10 days after surgery using the Confusion Assessment Method. Functional outcomes (Barthel Index for activities of daily living [ADL]) and all-cause mortality were evaluated 1-year after surgery. RESULTS Preoperative frailty presented in 85 of participants (28.5%) and POD in 38 (12.8%). Frail participants were at increased risk for POD (odds ratio = 4.9; P < .001). Overall, 1-year mortality was 4.0% (n = 12) and functional change was 0.4 ± 11.0 Barthel points. Controlling for age, cardiac risk, and baseline ADL, frailty-only and comparison participants had comparable 1-year functional outcomes. The POD-only group had greater mortality (adjusted hazard ratio = 23.9; P = .01), whereas the combined frailty-POD group had the greatest ADL decline (β = -23.7; P = .01) and the highest mortality (adjusted hazard ratio = 30.2; P = .006) compared with the comparison group. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative frailty alone did not negatively affect cardiac surgery patients' functional outcomes up to 1 year, but coexisting frailty and POD led to substantial loss of independence on 3 to 4 ADLs and a 30.2-fold higher likelihood of dying 1 year after surgery. Because frailty led to a 4.9-fold increase in POD risk, frailty may serve as a presurgical screen to identify patients who would likely benefit from delirium prevention and functional recovery programs to maximize 1-year postsurgical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Ching Li
- School of Nursing, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chung Wei
- Graduate Institute of Statistics and Information Science, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Ron-Bin Hsu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Hsin Chi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shoei-Shen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital and Fu Jen Catholic University College of Medicine, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Sharng Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ssu-Yuan Chen
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital and Fu Jen Catholic University College of Medicine, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Cheryl Chia-Hui Chen
- School of Nursing, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Sharon K Inouye
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew Senior Life, Boston, Massachusetts
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16
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Hill A, Arora RC, Engelman DT, Stoppe C. Preoperative Treatment of Malnutrition and Sarcopenia in Cardiac Surgery: New Frontiers. Crit Care Clin 2020; 36:593-616. [PMID: 32892816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccc.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac surgery is performed more often in a population with an increasing number of comorbidities. Although these surgeries can be lifesaving, they disturb homeostasis and may induce a temporary overall loss of physiologic function. The required postoperative intensive care unit and hospital stay often lead to a mid- to long-term decline of nutritional and physical status, mental health, and health-related quality of life. Prehabilitation before elective surgery might be an opportunity to optimize the state of the patient. This article discusses current evidence and potential effects of preoperative optimization of nutrition and physical status before cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen Hill
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, 3CARE-Cardiovascular Critical Care & Anesthesia Evaluation and Research, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, Aachen D-52074, Germany.
| | - Rakesh C Arora
- Cardiac Sciences Program, St. Boniface Hospital, CR3015-369 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2A6, Canada; Department of Surgery, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Daniel T Engelman
- Heart and Vascular Program, Baystate Health and University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, 759 Chestnut Street, Springfield, MA 01199, USA
| | - Christian Stoppe
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, 3CARE-Cardiovascular Critical Care & Anesthesia Evaluation and Research, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, Aachen D-52074, Germany; Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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