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Men’s Expectations for Postconflict Reconciliation with Physically Strong Opponents. EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40806-022-00350-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Covariation between formidability inferences and perceptions of men's preferred humor styles. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Brown M, Sacco DF, Barbaro N, Drea KM. Contextual factors that heighten interest in coalitional alliances with men possessing formidable facial structures. EVOL HUM BEHAV 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Albert G, Wells E, Arnocky S, Liu CH, Hodges‐Simeon CR. Observers use facial masculinity to make physical dominance assessments following 100-ms exposure. Aggress Behav 2021; 47:226-235. [PMID: 33244752 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Research has consistently demonstrated that faces manipulated to appear more masculine are perceived as more dominant. These studies, however, have used forced-choice paradigms, in which a pair of masculinized and feminized faces was presented side by side. These studies are susceptible to demand characteristics, because participants may be able to draw the conclusion that faces which appear more masculine should be rated as more dominant. To prevent this, we tested if dominance could be perceived when masculinized or feminized faces were presented individually for only 100 ms. We predicted higher dominance ratings to masculinized faces and better memory of them in a surprise recognition memory test. In the experiment, 96 men rated the physical dominance of 40 facial photographs (masculinized = 20, feminized = 20), which were randomly drawn from a larger set of faces. This was followed by a surprise recognition memory test. Half of the participants were assigned to a condition in which the contours of the facial photographs were set to an oval to control for sexual dimorphism in face shape. Overall, men assigned higher dominance ratings to masculinized faces, suggesting that they can appraise differences in facial sexual dimorphism following very brief exposure. This effect occurred regardless of whether the outline of the face was set to an oval, suggesting that masculinized internal facial features were sufficient to affect dominance ratings. However, participants' recognition memory did not differ for masculinized and feminized faces, which could be due to a floor effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Albert
- Department of Anthropology Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Erika Wells
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Steven Arnocky
- Department of Psychology Nipissing University North Bay Ontario Canada
| | - Chang Hong Liu
- Department of Psychology Bournemouth University Bournemouth UK
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Can Physical and/or Sexual Abuse Play a Role in the Female Choice of a Partner? A Cross-Sectional, Correlational Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186902. [PMID: 32967290 PMCID: PMC7558269 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to evaluate the relationship in women between a history of physical/sexual abuse and the preferences regarding the choice of a partner for a short/long-term relationship in terms of male facial dimorphism, and to assess their sexual functioning. We enrolled 48 abused women and 60 non-abused women. Facial preferences were evaluated with the Morphing test. Sexual functioning was measured with the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Regarding the choice for a short-term partner, abused and non-abused women did not show any differences, and both groups chose a less masculine male face. On the other hand, regarding the choice for a long-term partner, abused women showed a preference for an average male face, whilst non-abused women preferred a less masculine face. The sexual functioning of abused women was found significantly dysfunctional in all domains of the FSFI. These data, generated from a small but highly selected cohort, demonstrated that physical/sexual abuse may be associated with a more rational and conscious choice of a male partner for a long-term relationship, but not with an instinctive one, as the choice of an occasional partner. In addition, the sexual functioning of abused women appears to be compromised by the traumatic experience.
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Lieberz KA, Müller-Engelmann M, Bornefeld-Ettmann P, Priebe K, Weidmann A, Fydrich T, Geniole SN, McCormick CM, Rausch S, Thome J, Steil R. Detecting implicit cues of aggressiveness in male faces in revictimized female PTSD patients and healthy controls. Psychiatry Res 2018; 267:429-437. [PMID: 29980121 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Victimized women are thought to have impairments in identifying risk and to have dysfunctional reactions to threatening situations, which increase the risk for revictimization. To investigate possible deficits in revictimized women, we used a method examining women's perceptions of an implicit facial cue of aggressiveness - the facial Width-to-Height Ratio (fWHR). We tested whether revictimized women show impairments in detecting aggressiveness in male faces by neglecting cues of fWHR and choosing a smaller preferred distance to men. Fifty-two revictimized PTSD patients and 52 healthy controls provided ratings of aggressiveness and attractiveness for 65 photographed men and chose their preferred distance towards 11 pictured men. Multiple regression analyses indicated that revictimized women do not show impairments in perceiving and reacting to cues of aggression accurately. Hierarchical linear models, however, indicated that revictimized women rated all men as less aggressive. Revictimized women with histories of intimate partner violence (IPV) rated men with larger fWHRs and higher values of actual aggression to be more attractive than did revictimized women without IPV histories. A reduced appraisal of threat signals as threatening and an attraction to wider-faced and more aggressive men might increase the risk for revictimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara A Lieberz
- Goethe University, Department of Clinical Psychology and Intervention, Institute of Psychology, Varrentrappstr. 40-42 60486 Frankfurt Main, Germany.
| | - Meike Müller-Engelmann
- Goethe University, Department of Clinical Psychology and Intervention, Institute of Psychology, Varrentrappstr. 40-42 60486 Frankfurt Main, Germany
| | - Pia Bornefeld-Ettmann
- Goethe University, Department of Clinical Psychology and Intervention, Institute of Psychology, Varrentrappstr. 40-42 60486 Frankfurt Main, Germany
| | - Kathlen Priebe
- Humboldt-Universität, Department of Psychology, Unter den Linden 6 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anke Weidmann
- Humboldt-Universität, Department of Psychology, Unter den Linden 6 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Fydrich
- Humboldt-Universität, Department of Psychology, Unter den Linden 6 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Shawn N Geniole
- Brock University, Department of Psychology, 500 Glenridge Avenue, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada; Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Cheryl M McCormick
- Brock University, Department of Psychology, 500 Glenridge Avenue, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada; Brock University, Centre for Neuroscience, 500 Glenridge Avenue, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Sophie Rausch
- Institute of Psychiatric and Psychosomatic Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J 5 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Janine Thome
- Institute of Psychiatric and Psychosomatic Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J 5 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Regina Steil
- Goethe University, Department of Clinical Psychology and Intervention, Institute of Psychology, Varrentrappstr. 40-42 60486 Frankfurt Main, Germany
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Lieberz KA, Windmann S, Geniole SN, McCormick CM, Mueller-Engelmann M, Gruener F, Bornefeld-Ettmann P, Steil R. The facial width-to-height ratio determines interpersonal distance preferences in the observer. Aggress Behav 2017; 43:460-470. [PMID: 28261811 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR) is correlated with a number of aspects of aggressive behavior in men. Observers appear to be able to assess aggressiveness from male fWHR, but implications for interpersonal distance preferences have not yet been determined. This study utilized a novel computerized stop-distance task to examine interpersonal space preferences of female participants who envisioned being approached by a man; men's faces photographed posed in neutral facial expressions were shown in increasing size to mimic approach. We explored the effect of the men's fWHR, their behavioral aggression (measured previously in a computer game), and women's ratings of the men's aggressiveness, attractiveness, and masculinity on the preferred interpersonal distance of 52 German women. Hierarchical linear modelling confirmed the relationship between the fWHR and trait judgements (ratings of aggressiveness, attractiveness, and masculinity). There were effects of fWHR and actual aggression on the preferred interpersonal distance, even when controlling statistically for men's and the participants' age. Ratings of attractiveness, however, was the most influential variable predicting preferred interpersonal distance. Our results extend earlier findings on fWHR as a cue of aggressiveness in men by demonstrating implications for social interaction. In conclusion, women are able to accurately detect aggressiveness in emotionally neutral facial expressions, and adapt their social distance preferences accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara A. Lieberz
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Intervention, Institute of Psychology; Goethe University; Frankfurt Main Germany
| | - Sabine Windmann
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Psychology; Goethe University; Frankfurt Main Germany
| | - Shawn N. Geniole
- Department of Psychology; Brock University; St. Catharines, Ontario Canada
- Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods; Faculty of Psychology; University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Cheryl M. McCormick
- Department of Psychology; Brock University; St. Catharines, Ontario Canada
- Centre for Neuroscience; Brock University; St. Catharines, Ontario Canada
| | - Meike Mueller-Engelmann
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Intervention, Institute of Psychology; Goethe University; Frankfurt Main Germany
| | - Felix Gruener
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Intervention, Institute of Psychology; Goethe University; Frankfurt Main Germany
| | - Pia Bornefeld-Ettmann
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Intervention, Institute of Psychology; Goethe University; Frankfurt Main Germany
| | - Regina Steil
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Intervention, Institute of Psychology; Goethe University; Frankfurt Main Germany
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Tanikawa C, Zere E, Takada K. Sexual dimorphism in the facial morphology of adult humans: A three-dimensional analysis. HOMO-JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE HUMAN BIOLOGY 2015; 67:23-49. [PMID: 26617056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchb.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to demonstrate sexual dimorphism in the entire three-dimensional facial surface form of adult humans. The sample consisted of female and male groups (n=200; age range, 18-35 years). Three-dimensional images of each participant's face at rest were recorded. A total of 185 variables that described facial surface configuration features were extracted from each image. The variables were compared between the groups using t-tests, and those exhibiting P-values <0.0001 were entered into a stepwise discriminant function analysis for sex determination. Wire mesh fitting was also performed on each image to examine the facial surface morphology. The mean node coordinates of the fitted mesh were compared between the groups using t-tests. Sixty-seven of the 185 variables differed significantly between the groups, and 11 qualified for inclusion in the stepwise analysis. The female group exhibited a greater vertical height of the eye fissure, shorter postero-anterior height of the nasal tip, vertically greater supraorbital ridge, shorter lower face height relative to the total upper anterior face height, more prominent cheeks in the infraorbital region, less prominent cheeks in the buccal region, shorter vertical height of the subnasal region, a smaller nasal hump, and a smaller alar. The discriminant function analysis was 96.5% accurate overall. The wire mesh fitting results showed that the eyes, forehead, and chin were in vertically higher positions in the female group than in the male group. The cheeks and nose were more protuberant in the female group and male group, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tanikawa
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan; Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - E Zere
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - K Takada
- Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan; Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119083, Republic of Singapore.
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Geniole SN, Denson TF, Dixson BJ, Carré JM, McCormick CM. Evidence from Meta-Analyses of the Facial Width-to-Height Ratio as an Evolved Cue of Threat. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132726. [PMID: 26181579 PMCID: PMC4504483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The facial width-to-height ratio (FWHR) is the width of the face divided by the height of the upper face. There is mixed evidence for the hypothesis that the FWHR is a cue of threat and dominance in the human face. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses of all peer-reviewed studies (and 2 unpublished studies) to estimate the magnitude of the sex difference in the FWHR, and the magnitude of the relationship between the FWHR and threatening and dominant behaviours and perceptions. Studies were eligible for inclusion if the authors reported an analysis involving the FWHR. Our analyses revealed that the FWHR was larger in men than in women ( d¯ = .11, n = 10,853), cued judgements of masculinity in men ( r¯ = .35, n of faces = 487; n of observers = 339), and was related to body mass index ( r¯ = .31, n = 2,506). Further, the FWHR predicted both threat behaviour in men ( r¯ = .16, n = 4,603) and dominance behaviour in both sexes ( r¯ = .12, n = 948) across a variety of indices. Individuals with larger FWHRs were judged by observers as more threatening ( r¯ = .46, n of faces = 1,691; n of observers = 2,076) and more dominant ( r¯ = .20, n of faces = 603; n of observers = 236) than those with smaller FWHRs. Individuals with larger FWHRs were also judged as less attractive ( r¯ = -.26, n of faces = 721; n of observers = 335), especially when women made the judgements. These findings provide some support for the hypothesis that the FWHR is part of an evolved cueing system of intra-sexual threat and dominance in men. A limitation of the meta-analyses on perceptions of threat and dominance were the low number of stimuli involving female and older adult faces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn N. Geniole
- Psychology Department, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas F. Denson
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Barnaby J. Dixson
- School of Psychology, the University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Justin M. Carré
- Department of Psychology, Nipissing University, North Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cheryl M. McCormick
- Psychology Department, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Geniole SN, McCormick CM. Facing our ancestors: judgements of aggression are consistent and related to the facial width-to-height ratio in men irrespective of beards. EVOL HUM BEHAV 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sanchez-Pages S, Rodriguez-Ruiz C, Turiegano E. Facial masculinity: how the choice of measurement method enables to detect its influence on behaviour. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112157. [PMID: 25389770 PMCID: PMC4229127 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research has explored the relationship between facial masculinity, human male behaviour and males' perceived features (i.e. attractiveness). The methods of measurement of facial masculinity employed in the literature are quite diverse. In the present paper, we use several methods of measuring facial masculinity to study the effect of this feature on risk attitudes and trustworthiness. We employ two strategic interactions to measure these two traits, a first-price auction and a trust game. We find that facial width-to-height ratio is the best predictor of trustworthiness, and that measures of masculinity which use Geometric Morphometrics are the best suited to link masculinity and bidding behaviour. However, we observe that the link between masculinity and bidding in the first-price auction might be driven by competitiveness and not by risk aversion only. Finally, we test the relationship between facial measures of masculinity and perceived masculinity. As a conclusion, we suggest that researchers in the field should measure masculinity using one of these methods in order to obtain comparable results. We also encourage researchers to revise the existing literature on this topic following these measurement methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Sanchez-Pages
- Departament de Teoria Econòmica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, and Edinburgh School of Economics, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Enrique Turiegano
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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An Examination of the Associations Between Facial Structure, Aggressive Behavior, and Performance in the 2010 World Cup Association Football Players. ADAPTIVE HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND PHYSIOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40750-014-0003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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