Agent-based modeling and simulation of pandemic propagation in a school environment

Indoor Positioning Simulation for Examination and Correction of Occupancy Density Limits in Architectural Design

Occupancy density is a dynamic measurement that reveals the relationship between the floor area and occupant count, usually in a room or building. The research presented in this paper probes further into the relationship between the physical properties of space and occupants’ activity, to expand the understanding of occupancy density. The presented outcome is an evidence-based technique for determining room and activity-specific occupancy density limits that can support the design and be integrated into the design process. In this study, occupant information, namely, positioning, is simulated in the spatial context, including room dimensions and furniture layout. Controllable distancing variables, such as those globally introduced in response to the COVID-19 pandemic to prevent the spread of infectious diseases in indoor environments, are used to assess occupancy density thresholds.