How to eat, drink and speak on non-invasive ventilation

Practical recommendations for swallowing and speaking during NIV in people with neuromuscular disorders

Objectives

The functions of eating, drinking, speaking, and breathing demand close coordination of the upper airway musculature which may be challenged by the long-term use of daytime non-invasive ventilation (NIV). This rapid review explores the challenges and practicalities of these interactions in people with neuromuscular disorders.

Methods

A search was performed on PubMed (period 2000-2023) using generic terms to refer to eating, drinking, and speaking related to people with neuromuscular disorders on NIV. A narrative approach was used to summarize the available literature.

Results

Our review shows only a small number of studies exist exploring the use of NIV on swallowing and speaking in people with neuromuscular disorders. We summarize study findings and provide practical advice on eating, drinking and speaking with NIV.

Conclusions

By understanding breathing, NIV mechanics and upper airway interactions, it is possible to optimize swallowing and speaking whilst using NIV. There is a lack of specific guidelines, and concerns regarding aspiration warrant further research and guideline development.