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Weber P, Birkholz L, Straub R, Kohler S, Helsper N, Dippon L, Pfeifer K, Rütten A, Semrau J. The Limitations and Potentials of Evaluating Economic Aspects of Community-Based Health Promotion: A Critical Review. APPLIED HEALTH ECONOMICS AND HEALTH POLICY 2024; 22:165-179. [PMID: 38190019 PMCID: PMC10864521 DOI: 10.1007/s40258-023-00864-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Community-based health promotion (CBHP) interventions are promising approaches to address public health problems; however, their economic evaluation presents unique challenges. This review aims to explore the opportunities and limitations of evaluating economic aspects of CBHP, focusing on the assessment of intervention costs and outcomes, and the consideration of political-level changes and health equity. A systematic search of the PubMed, Web of Science and PsycInfo databases identified 24 CBHP interventions, the majority of which targeted disadvantaged communities. Only five interventions included a detailed cost/resource assessment. Outcomes at the operational level were mainly quantitative, related to sociodemographics and environment or health status, while outcomes at the political level were often qualitative, related to public policy, capacity building or networks/collaboration. The study highlights the limitations of traditional health economic evaluation methods in capturing the complexity of CBHP interventions. It proposes the use of cost-consequence analysis (CCA) as a more comprehensive approach, offering a flexible and multifaceted assessment of costs and outcomes. However, challenges remain in the measurement and valuation of outcomes, equity considerations, intersectoral costs and attribution of effects. While CCA is a promising starting point, further research and methodological advancements are needed to refine its application and improve decision making in CBHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Weber
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Gebbertstr. 123b, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Leonie Birkholz
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Gebbertstr. 123b, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Riccarda Straub
- School of Business, Economics and Society, Chair of Health Management, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Lange Gasse 20, 90403, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Simone Kohler
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Gebbertstr. 123b, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Natalie Helsper
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Gebbertstr. 123b, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lea Dippon
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Gebbertstr. 123b, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Klaus Pfeifer
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Gebbertstr. 123b, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alfred Rütten
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Gebbertstr. 123b, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jana Semrau
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Gebbertstr. 123b, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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Quinn M, Wright N, Scherdt M, Barton DL, Titler M, Armin JS, Naughton MJ, Wenzel J, Percac-Lima S, Mishra P, Danner SM, Friese CR. A descriptive study of policy and system-level interventions to address cancer survivorship issues across six United States health systems. J Cancer Surviv 2023:10.1007/s11764-023-01440-y. [PMID: 37544977 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-023-01440-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe policy and system-level interventions with potential to improve cancer care at six sites. METHODS In 2016, six institutions received foundation support to develop unique multi-component interventions aimed at improving cancer care for underserved populations. These organizations, located across the United States, participated in a cross-site evaluation to assess the overall initiative impact and to identify potentially promising policy and system-level solutions for dissemination and broader implementation. A health system and policy tracking tool was developed to collect data from each site and included a description of their efforts, strategies employed, and changes achieved (e.g., new policies, clinical protocols). Tracking tool data were analyzed using rapid qualitative analyses and a matrix approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with site leaders (N = 65) and were analyzed by thematic analysis. RESULTS Sites reported 20 system and policy efforts, which resulted in improvements to electronic health records and telehealth strategies, changes to hospital/health system policies, and standardized clinical protocols/guidelines, among others. Efforts were aimed at: (1) coordinating care across multiple providers, supported by patient navigators; (2) expanding psychosocial and supportive care; (3) improving patient-provider communication; and (4) addressing barriers to accessing care. Interview analyses provided insights into successful strategies, challenges, and implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer care. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, cancer care remains inequitable. System-level improvements aimed at eliminating common barriers faced by underserved populations offer opportunities to improve the delivery of equitable, effective, and efficient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Quinn
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Nathan Wright
- School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Marylee Scherdt
- School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Debra L Barton
- School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Marita Titler
- School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Julie S Armin
- College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85711, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Wenzel
- Schools of Nursing and Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | | | | | - Sankirtana M Danner
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Christopher R Friese
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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Such E, Smith K, Woods HB, Meier P. Governance of Intersectoral Collaborations for Population Health and to Reduce Health Inequalities in High-Income Countries: A Complexity-Informed Systematic Review. Int J Health Policy Manag 2022; 11:2780-2792. [PMID: 35219286 PMCID: PMC10105187 DOI: 10.34172/ijhpm.2022.6550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A 'Health in All Policies' (HiAP) approach has been widely advocated as a way to involve multiple government sectors in addressing health inequalities, but implementation attempts have not always produced the expected results. Explaining how HiAP-style collaborations have been governed may offer insights into how to improve population health and reduce health inequalities. METHODS Theoretically focused systematic review. Synthesis of evidence from evaluative studies into a causal logic model. RESULTS Thirty-one publications based on 40 case studies from nine high-income countries were included. Intersectoral collaborations for population health and equity were multi-component and multi-dimensional with collaborative activity spanning policy, strategy, service design and service delivery. Governance of intersectoral collaboration included structural and relational components. Both internal and external legitimacy and credibility delivered collaborative power, which in turn enabled intersectoral collaboration. Internal legitimacy was driven by multiple structural elements and processes. Many of these were instrumental in developing (often-fragile) relational trust. Internal credibility was supported by multi-level collaborations that were adequately resourced and shared power. External legitimacy and credibility was created through meaningful community engagement, leadership that championed collaborations and the identification of 'win-win' strategies. External factors such as economic shocks and short political cycles reduced collaborative power. CONCLUSION This novel review, using systems thinking and causal loop representations, offers insights into how collaborations can generate internal and external legitimacy and credibility. This offers promise for future collaborative activity for population health and equity; it presents a clearer picture of what structural and relational components and dynamics collaborative partners can focus on when planning and implementing HiAP initiatives. The limits of the literature base, however, does not make it possible to identify if or how this might deliver improved population health or health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Such
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | | | - Petra Meier
- MRC/CSA Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Masefield SC, Megaw A, Barlow M, White PCL, Altink H, Grugel J. Repurposing NGO data for better research outcomes: a scoping review of the use and secondary analysis of NGO data in health policy and systems research. Health Res Policy Syst 2020; 18:63. [PMID: 32513183 PMCID: PMC7278191 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-020-00577-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) collect and generate vast amounts of potentially rich data, most of which are not used for research purposes. Secondary analysis of NGO data (their use and analysis in a study for which they were not originally collected) presents an important but largely unrealised opportunity to provide new research insights in critical areas, including the evaluation of health policy and programmes. Methods A scoping review of the published literature was performed to identify the extent to which secondary analysis of NGO data has been used in health policy and systems research (HPSR). A tiered analytical approach provided a comprehensive overview and descriptive analyses of the studies that (1) used data produced or collected by or about NGOs; (2) performed secondary analysis of the NGO data (beyond the use of an NGO report as a supporting reference); and (3) analysed NGO-collected clinical data. Results Of the 156 studies that performed secondary analysis of NGO-produced or collected data, 64% (n = 100) used NGO-produced reports (mostly to a limited extent, as a contextual reference or to critique NGO activities) and 8% (n = 13) analysed NGO-collected clinical data. Of these studies, 55% (n = 86) investigated service delivery research topics and 48% (n = 51) were undertaken in developing countries and 17% (n = 27) in both developing and developed countries. NGOs were authors or co-authors of 26% of the studies. NGO-collected clinical data enabled HPSR within marginalised groups (e.g. migrants, people in conflict-affected areas), albeit with some limitations such as inconsistent and missing data. Conclusion We found evidence that NGO-collected and produced data are most commonly perceived as a source of supporting evidence for HPSR and not as primary source data. However, these data can facilitate research in under-researched marginalised groups and in contexts that are hard to reach by academics such as conflict-affected areas. NGO–academic collaboration could help address issues of NGO data quality to facilitate their more widespread use in research. The use of NGO data use could enable relevant and timely research in the areas of programme evaluation and health policy and advocacy to improve health and reduce health inequalities, especially in marginalised groups and developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Masefield
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom. .,Interdisciplinary Global Development Centre, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.
| | - Alice Megaw
- Interdisciplinary Global Development Centre, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Matt Barlow
- Interdisciplinary Global Development Centre, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.,Department of Politics, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Piran C L White
- Interdisciplinary Global Development Centre, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.,Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, YO10 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Henrice Altink
- Interdisciplinary Global Development Centre, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.,Department of History, University of York, York, YO10 5NH, United Kingdom
| | - Jean Grugel
- Interdisciplinary Global Development Centre, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.,Department of Politics, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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Leser KA, Liu ST, Smathers CA, Graffagnino CL, Pirie PL. Adoption, Sustainability, and Dissemination of Chronic Disease Prevention Policies in Community-Based Organizations. Health Promot Pract 2019; 22:72-81. [PMID: 31155948 DOI: 10.1177/1524839919850757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. Despite increasing interest in structural (policy, systems, and environmental) changes to improve health, little attention has focused on the adoption, implementation, sustainability, and potential for dissemination of these changes among local community-based organizations. Method. A mixed methods approach was used for this process evaluation. Representatives of nine community-based organizations were surveyed using closed-ended questions and in-depth qualitative interviews to describe 32 policy changes. Diffusion of Innovation theory was used to inform the development of survey questions and the interview guide. Results. Policies adopted by local community-based organizations concerned types of food/beverages provided to staff/clients, methods to encourage physical activity, breastfeeding support, and tobacco control. The majority of the policies were either fully (66%) or partially (31%) implemented 1 year after their initial adoption. In general, participants somewhat/strongly agreed that policies had characteristics that predict sustainability/diffusion (relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, observability). In-depth interview responses described a generally smooth process for policy adoption and high levels of optimism for continued sustainability but revealed few efforts to disseminate the policies beyond the original organization. Conclusions. Structural changes in community-based organizations are a valuable tool for encouraging healthy changes in communities and have great potential to be adopted, sustained, and diffused.
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