Jeminiwa R, Hohmann NS, Hastings TJ, Hansen R, Qian J, Garza KB. Individuals' preference for financial over social incentives for medication adherence.
J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2021;
62:134-141.e1. [PMID:
34561192 DOI:
10.1016/j.japh.2021.09.001]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Patients with chronic conditions continue to face financial and system-related barriers to medication adherence. Pharmacy, provider, and payer-based financial and social incentive-based interventions may reduce these barriers and improve adherence. However, it is unclear how patient demographics and clinical characteristics influence the type of incentives preferred by patients.
OBJECTIVES
To examine individuals' preference for financial versus social incentives and to explore the association between patient demographic and clinical characteristics with preferences for financial or social incentives.
METHODS
A cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative sample of patients was conducted with Qualtrics panelists (N = 909). U.S. adults taking at least 1 prescription medication for a chronic condition were included. Survey items elicited participants' demographic characteristics, preference for financial or social incentives, self-reported medication adherence, number of prescribed medications, and number of chronic conditions. Bivariate associations between patient characteristics and incentive preferences were tested using t and chi-square tests. Logistic regression was performed to determine patient characteristics associated with participants' preference for incentives.
RESULTS
When compared with those who were adherent to medications, individuals who were nonadherent were less likely to prefer financial incentives over social incentives (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.55 [95% CI 0.31-0.98]). Patient income, sex, and ethnicity were also associated with preferences for financial incentives. Those earning less than $50,000 per year were less likely to prefer financial incentives compared with social incentives (adjusted OR 0.44 [0.24-0.79]). Females were more likely to prefer financial incentives (adjusted OR 1.98 [1.16-3.37]). Hispanic/Latinos were less likely to prefer financial incentives compared to non-Hispanics/non-Latinos (adjusted OR 0.51 [0.29-0.89]).
CONCLUSION
Preferences for medication adherence incentives differed on the basis of adherence status and patients' demographic characteristics. Findings have implications for how incentive-based interventions can be structured to target certain patient groups.
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