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Salazar FMV, Arcila IDP. In silico study about the influence of electroporation parameters on the cellular internalization, spatial uniformity, and cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic drugs using the Method of Fundamental Solutions. Med Biol Eng Comput 2024; 62:713-749. [PMID: 37989990 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-023-02964-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Reversible electroporation is a suitable technique to aid the internalization of medicaments in cancer tissues without inducing permanent cellular damage, allowing the enhancement of cytotoxic effects without incurring in electric-driven necrotic or apoptotic processes by the presence of non-reversible aqueous pores. An adequate selection of electroporation parameters acquires relevance to reach these goals and avoid opposite effects. This work applies the Method of Fundamental Solutions (MFS) for drug transport simulations in electroporated cancer tissues, using a continuum tumor cord approach and considering both electro-permeabilization and vasoconstriction effects. The MFS algorithm is validated with published results, obtaining satisfactory accuracy and convergence. Then, MFS simulations are executed to study the influence of electric field magnitude [Formula: see text], number of electroporation treatments [Formula: see text], and electroporation time [Formula: see text] on three assessment parameters of electrochemotherapy: the internationalization efficacy accounting for the ability of the therapy to introduce moles into viable cells, cell-kill capacity indicating the faculty to reduce the survival fraction of cancer cells, and distribution uniformity specifying the competence to supply drug homogeneously through the whole tissue domain. According to numerical results, when [Formula: see text] is the reversibility threshold, a positive influence on the first two parameters is only possible once specific values of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] have been exceeded; when [Formula: see text] is just the irreversibility threshold, any combination of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is beneficial. On the other hand, the drug distribution uniformity is always adversely affected by the application of electric pulses, being this more noticeable as [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabián Mauricio Vélez Salazar
- Grupo de Investigación E Innovación Ambiental (GIIAM), Institución Universitaria Pascual Bravo, Cl. 73 No 73A-226 (Bloque 7), Medellín, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación de Ciencias Administrativas, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano - ITM, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Iván David Patiño Arcila
- Grupo de Investigación E Innovación Ambiental (GIIAM), Institución Universitaria Pascual Bravo, Cl. 73 No 73A-226 (Bloque 7), Medellín, Colombia.
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Vélez Salazar FM, Patiño Arcila ID. Influence of electric field, blood velocity, and pharmacokinetics on electrochemotherapy efficiency. Biophys J 2023; 122:3268-3298. [PMID: 37421133 PMCID: PMC10465711 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The convective delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs in cancerous tissues is directly proportional to the blood perfusion rate, which in turns can be transiently reduced by the application of high-voltage and short-duration electric pulses due to vessel vasoconstriction. However, electric pulses can also increase vessel wall and cell membrane permeabilities, boosting the extravasation and cell internalization of drug. These opposite effects, as well as possible adverse impacts on the viability of tissues and endothelial cells, suggest the importance of conducting in silico studies about the influence of physical parameters involved in electric-mediated drug transport. In the present work, the global method of approximate particular solutions for axisymmetric domains, together with two solution schemes (Gauss-Seidel iterative and linearization+successive over-relaxation), is applied for the simulation of drug transport in electroporated cancer tissues, using a continuum tumor cord approach and considering both the electropermeabilization and vasoconstriction phenomena. The developed global method of approximate particular solutions algorithm is validated with numerical and experimental results previously published, obtaining a satisfactory accuracy and convergence. Then, a parametric study about the influence of electric field magnitude and inlet blood velocity on the internalization efficacy, drug distribution uniformity, and cell-kill capacity of the treatment, as expressed by the number of internalized moles into viable cells, homogeneity of exposure to bound intracellular drug, and cell survival fraction, respectively, is analyzed for three pharmacokinetic profiles, namely one-short tri-exponential, mono-exponential, and uniform. According to numerical results, the trade-off between vasoconstriction and electropermeabilization effects and, consequently, the influence of electric field magnitude and inlet blood velocity on the assessment parameters considered here (efficacy, uniformity, and cell-kill capacity) is different for each pharmacokinetic profile deemed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iván David Patiño Arcila
- Grupo de Investigación e Innovación Ambiental (GIIAM), Institución Universitaria Pascual Bravo, Medellín, Colombia.
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Jacobs IV EJ, Graybill PM, Jana A, Agashe A, Nain AS, Davalos RV. Engineering high post-electroporation viabilities and transfection efficiencies for elongated cells on suspended nanofiber networks. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 152:108415. [PMID: 37011476 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The impact of cell shape on cell membrane permeabilization by pulsed electric fields is not fully understood. For certain applications, cell survival and recovery post-treatment is either desirable, as in gene transfection, electrofusion, and electrochemotherapy, or is undesirable, as in tumor and cardiac ablations. Understanding of how morphology affects cell viability post-electroporation may lead to improved electroporation methods. In this study, we use precisely aligned nanofiber networks within a microfluidic device to reproducibly generate elongated cells with controlled orientations to an applied electric field. We show that cell viability is significantly dependent on cell orientation, elongation, and spread. Further, these trends are dependent on the external buffer conductivity. Additionally, we see that cell survival for elongated cells is still supported by the standard pore model of electroporation. Lastly, we see that manipulating the cell orientation and shape can be leveraged for increased transfection efficiencies when compared to spherical cells. An improved understanding of cell shape and pulsation buffer conductivity may lead to improved methods for enhancing cell viability post-electroporation by engineering the cell morphology, cytoskeleton, and electroporation buffer conditions.
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Vélez Salazar FM, Patiño Arcila ID. Influence of electric pulse characteristics on the cellular internalization of chemotherapeutic drugs and cell survival fraction in electroporated and vasoconstricted cancer tissues using boundary element techniques. J Math Biol 2023; 87:31. [PMID: 37462802 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-023-01963-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Electroporation has emerged as a suitable technique to induce the pore formation in the cell membrane of cancer tissues, facilitating the cellular internalization of chemotherapeutic drugs. An adequate selection of the electric pulse characteristics is crucial to guarantee the efficiency of this technique, minimizing the adverse effects. In the present work, the dual reciprocity boundary element method (DR-BEM) is applied for the simulation of drug transport in the extracellular and intracellular space of cancer tissues subjected to the application of controlled electric pulses, using a continuum tumour cord approach, and considering both the electro-permeabilization and vasoconstriction phenomena. The developed DR-BEM algorithm is validated with numerical and experimental results previously published, obtaining a satisfactory accuracy and convergence. Using the DR-BEM code, a study about the influence of the magnitude of electric field (E) and pulse spacing (dpulses) on the time behavior and spatial distribution of the internalized drug, as well as on the cell survival fraction, is carried out. In general, the change of drug concentration, drug exposure and cell survival fraction with the parameters E and dpulses is ruled by two important factors: the balance between the electro-permeabilization and vasoconstriction phenomena, and the relative importance of the sources of cell death (electric pulses and drug cytotoxicity); these two factors, in turn, significantly depend on the reversible and irreversible thresholds considered for the electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabián Mauricio Vélez Salazar
- Grupo de Investigación e Innovación Ambiental (GIIAM), Institución Universitaria Pascual Bravo, Cl. 73 No 73A-226 (Bloque 7), Medellín, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación de Ciencias Administrativas, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano - ITM, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Iván David Patiño Arcila
- Grupo de Investigación e Innovación Ambiental (GIIAM), Institución Universitaria Pascual Bravo, Cl. 73 No 73A-226 (Bloque 7), Medellín, Colombia.
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Scuderi M, Dermol-Černe J, Amaral da Silva C, Muralidharan A, Boukany PE, Rems L. Models of electroporation and the associated transmembrane molecular transport should be revisited. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 147:108216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Pulsed Electric Fields for Valorization of Platelets with No Therapeutic Value towards a High Biomedical Potential Product—A Proof of Concept. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12125773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the standard media used in clinical-scale mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) production to supply hundreds of clinical trials uses animal-derived components as supplements, which raises several health concerns. Consequently, the development of xeno-free media supplements has emerged. In the current study, the effect of pulse electric field (PEF) application to platelet concentrates (PC) with no therapeutic value for producing platelet releasates (PR) able to sustain the ability of bone marrow-MSCs (BM-MSCs) to self-renew and differentiate was tested. It was demonstrated that PEF application to PC induces platelet activation and growth factor (GF) release, namely PDGF, FGF, IGF, and TGF-β. The highest GF release was observed for TGF-β, achieving similar levels to those attained in platelet lysates (PL). BM-MSCs expanded in the presence of PR obtained by the application of PEF (7 pulses of 10 and 12.5 kV/cm) to PC (PR PEF) retained the characteristic MSC cell-surface markers, and the ability to proliferate and differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic lineages. In this study, evidence is provided that PR PEF represents a suitable alternative to fetal bovine serum (FBS) for use in MSC production.
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Havelka D, Zhernov I, Teplan M, Lánský Z, Chafai DE, Cifra M. Lab-on-chip microscope platform for electro-manipulation of a dense microtubules network. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2462. [PMID: 35165315 PMCID: PMC8844285 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06255-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulsed electric field (PEF) technology is promising for the manipulation of biomolecular components and has potential applications in biomedicine and bionanotechnology. Microtubules, nanoscopic tubular structures self-assembled from protein tubulin, serve as important components in basic cellular processes as well as in engineered biomolecular nanosystems. Recent studies in cell-based models have demonstrated that PEF affects the cytoskeleton, including microtubules. However, the direct effects of PEF on microtubules are not clear. In this work, we developed a lab-on-a-chip platform integrated with a total internal reflection fluorescence microscope system to elucidate the PEF effects on a microtubules network mimicking the cell-like density of microtubules. The designed platform enables the delivery of short (microsecond-scale), high-field-strength (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\le$$\end{document}≤ 25 kV/cm) electric pulses far from the electrode/electrolyte interface. We showed that microsecond PEF is capable of overcoming the non-covalent microtubule bonding force to the substrate and translocating the microtubules. This microsecond PEF effect combined with macromolecular crowding led to aggregation of microtubules. Our results expand the toolbox of bioelectronics technologies and electromagnetic tools for the manipulation of biomolecular nanoscopic systems and contribute to the understanding of microsecond PEF effects on a microtubule cytoskeleton.
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Lee D, Chan SSY, Aksic N, Bajalovic N, Loke DK. Ultralong-Time Recovery and Low-Voltage Electroporation for Biological Cell Monitoring Enabled by a Microsized Multipulse Framework. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:35325-35333. [PMID: 34984264 PMCID: PMC8717367 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Long-term nondestructive monitoring of cells is of significant importance for understanding cell proliferation, cell signaling, cell death, and other processes. However, traditional monitoring methods are limited to a certain range of testing conditions and may reduce cell viability. Here, we present a microgap, multishot electroporation (M2E) system for monitoring cell recovery for up to ∼2 h using ∼5 V pulses and with excellent cell viability using a medium cell population. Electric field simulations reveal the bias-voltage- and gap-size-dependent electric field intensities in the M2E system. In addition to excellent transparency with low cell toxicity, the M2E system does not require specialized components, expensive materials, complicated fabrication processes, or cell manipulations; it just consists of a micrometer-sized pattern and a low-voltage square-wave generator. Ultimately, the M2E system can offer a long-term and nontoxic method of cell monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Lee
- Department
of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Sophia S. Y. Chan
- Department
of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Nemanja Aksic
- Department
of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Natasa Bajalovic
- Department
of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Desmond K. Loke
- Department
of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
- Office
of Innovation, Changi General Hospital, Singapore 529889, Singapore
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Mi Y, Xu J, Liu Q, Wu X, Zhang Q, Tang J. Single-cell electroporation with high-frequency nanosecond pulse bursts: Simulation considering the irreversible electroporation effect and experimental validation. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 140:107822. [PMID: 33915340 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
To study the electroporation characteristics of cells under high-frequency nanosecond pulse bursts (HFnsPBs), the original electroporation mathematical model was improved. By setting a threshold value for irreversible electroporation (IRE) and considering the effect of an electric field on the surface tension of a cell membrane, a mathematical model of electroporation considering the effect of IRE is proposed for the first time. A typical two-dimensional cell system was discretized into nodes using MATLAB, and a mesh transport network method (MTNM) model was established for simulation. The dynamic processes of single-cell electroporation and molecular transport under the application of 50 unipolar HFnsPBs with field intensities of 9 kV cm-1 and different frequencies (10 kHz, 100 kHz and 500 kHz) to the target system was simulated with a 300 s simulation time. The IRE characteristics and molecular transport were evaluated. In addition, a PI fluorescent dye assay was designed to verify the correctness of the model by providing time-domain and spatial results that were compared with the simulation results. The simulation achieved IRE and demonstrated the cumulative effects of multipulse bursts and intraburst frequency on irreversible pores. The model can also reflect the cumulative effect of multipulse bursts on reversible pores by introducing an assumption of stable reversible pores. The experimental results agreed qualitatively with the simulation results. A relative calibration of the fluorescence data gave time-domain molecular transport results that were quantitatively similar to the simulation results. This article reveals the cell electroporation characteristics under HFnsPBs from a mechanism perspective and has important guidance for fields involving the IRE of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Jin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Quan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical Science University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Junying Tang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical Science University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Mamenko T, Kots S. Lipid peroxidation of cell membranes in the formation and regulation of plant protective reactions. UKRAINIAN BOTANICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.15407/ukrbotj77.04.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Knappert J, McHardy C, Rauh C. Kinetic Modeling and Numerical Simulation as Tools to Scale Microalgae Cell Membrane Permeabilization by Means of Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF) From Lab to Pilot Plants. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:209. [PMID: 32269988 PMCID: PMC7109448 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF) is a promising technology for the gentle and energy efficient disruption of microalgae cells such as Chlorella vulgaris. The technology is based on the exposure of cells to a high voltage electric field, which causes the permeabilization of the cell membrane. Due to the dependency of the effective treatment conditions on the specific design of the treatment chamber, it is difficult to compare data obtained in different chambers or at different scales, e.g., lab or pilot scale. This problem can be overcome by the help of numerical simulation since it enables the accessibility to the local treatment conditions (electric field strength, temperature, flow field) inside a treatment chamber. To date, no kinetic models for the cell membrane permeabilization of microalgae are available what makes it difficult to decide if and in what extent local treatment conditions have an impact on the permeabilization. Therefore, a kinetic model for the perforation of microalgae cells of the species Chlorella vulgaris was developed in the present work. The model describes the fraction of perforated cells as a function of the electric field strength, the temperature and the treatment time by using data which were obtained in a milliliter scale batchwise treatment chamber. Thereafter, the model was implemented in a CFD simulation of a pilot-scale continuous treatment chamber with colinear electrode arrangement. The numerical results were compared to experimental measurements of cell permeabilization in a similar continuous treatment chamber. The predicted values and the experimental data agree reasonably well what demonstrates the validity of the proposed model. Therefore, it can be applied to any possible treatment chamber geometry and can be used as a tool for scaling cell permeabilization of microalgae by means of PEF from lab to pilot scale. The present work provides the first contribution showing the applicability of kinetic modeling and numerical simulation for designing PEF processes for the purpose of biorefining microalgae biomass. This can help to develop new processes and to reduce the costs for the development of new treatment chamber designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justus Knappert
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Food Process Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christopher McHardy
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Food Process Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornelia Rauh
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Food Process Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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