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Nanajian A, Scott M, Burcus NI, Ruedlinger BL, Oshin EA, Beebe SJ, Guo S. Nano-Pulse Treatment Overcomes the Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment to Elicit In Situ Vaccination Protection against Breast Cancer. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:633. [PMID: 38932362 PMCID: PMC11209453 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that nano-pulse treatment (NPT), a pulsed power technology, resulted in 4T1-luc mammary tumor elimination and a strong in situ vaccination, thereby completely protecting tumor-free animals against a second live tumor challenge. The mechanism whereby NPT mounts effective antitumor immune responses in the 4T1 breast cancer predominantly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) remains unanswered. In this study, orthotopic 4T1 mouse breast tumors were treated with NPT (100 ns, 50 kV/cm, 1000 pulses, 3 Hz). Blood, spleen, draining lymph nodes, and tumors were harvested at 4-h, 8-h, 1-day, 3-day, 7-day, and 3-month post-treatment intervals for the analysis of frequencies, death, and functional markers of various immune cells in addition to the suppressor function of regulatory T cells (Tregs). NPT was verified to elicit strong in situ vaccination (ISV) against breast cancer and promote both acute and long-term T cell memory. NPT abolished immunosuppressive dominance systemically and in the TME by substantially reducing Tregs, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). NPT induced apoptosis in Tregs and TAMs. It also functionally diminished the Treg suppression capacity, explained by the downregulation of activation markers, particularly 4-1BB and TGFβ, and a phenotypic shift from predominantly activated (CD44+CD62L-) to naïve (CD44-CD62L+) Tregs. Importantly, NPT selectively induced apoptosis in activated Tregs and spared effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. These changes were followed by a concomitant rise in CD8+CD103+ tissue-resident memory T cells and TAM M1 polarization. These findings indicate that NPT effectively switches the TME and secondary lymphatic systems from an immunosuppressive to an immunostimulatory state, allowing cytotoxic T cell function and immune memory formation to eliminate cancer cells and account for the NPT in situ vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Nanajian
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA; (A.N.); (M.S.); (N.I.B.); (B.L.R.); (E.A.O.); (S.J.B.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Megan Scott
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA; (A.N.); (M.S.); (N.I.B.); (B.L.R.); (E.A.O.); (S.J.B.)
| | - Niculina I. Burcus
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA; (A.N.); (M.S.); (N.I.B.); (B.L.R.); (E.A.O.); (S.J.B.)
| | - Brittney L. Ruedlinger
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA; (A.N.); (M.S.); (N.I.B.); (B.L.R.); (E.A.O.); (S.J.B.)
| | - Edwin A. Oshin
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA; (A.N.); (M.S.); (N.I.B.); (B.L.R.); (E.A.O.); (S.J.B.)
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Stephen J. Beebe
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA; (A.N.); (M.S.); (N.I.B.); (B.L.R.); (E.A.O.); (S.J.B.)
| | - Siqi Guo
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA; (A.N.); (M.S.); (N.I.B.); (B.L.R.); (E.A.O.); (S.J.B.)
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2
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Oshin EA, Minhas Z, Biancatelli RMLC, Catravas JD, Heller R, Guo S, Jiang C. Synergistic effects of nanosecond pulsed plasma and electric field on inactivation of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro. Sci Rep 2024; 14:885. [PMID: 38195698 PMCID: PMC10776738 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51298-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanosecond pulsed atmospheric pressure plasma jets (ns-APPJs) produce reactive plasma species, including charged particles and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), which can induce oxidative stress in biological cells. Nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) has also been found to cause permeabilization of cell membranes and induce apoptosis or cell death. Combining the treatment of ns-APPJ and nsPEF may enhance the effectiveness of cancer cell inactivation with only moderate doses of both treatments. Employing ns-APPJ powered by 9 kV, 200 ns pulses at 2 kHz and 60-nsPEF of 50 kV/cm at 1 Hz, the synergistic effects on pancreatic cancer cells (Pan02) in vitro were evaluated on the metabolic activities of cells and transcellular electrical resistance (TER). It was observed that treatment with ns-APPJ for > 2 min disrupts Pan02 cell stability and resulted in over 30% cell death. Similarly, applying nsPEF alone, > 20 pulses resulted in over 15% cell death. While the inactivation activity from the individual treatment is moderate, combined treatments resulted in 80% cell death, approximately 3-to-fivefold increase compared to the individual treatment. In addition, reactive oxygen species such as OH and O were identified at the plasma-liquid interface. The gas temperature of the plasma and the temperature of the cell solution during treatments were determined to be near room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin A Oshin
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23455, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Zobia Minhas
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23455, USA
| | | | - John D Catravas
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23455, USA
- School of Medical Diagnostic and Translational Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Richard Heller
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Siqi Guo
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23455, USA
| | - Chunqi Jiang
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23455, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA.
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Oshin EA, Minhas Z, Biancatelli RMLC, Catravas JD, Heller R, Guo S, Jiang C. Synergistic effects of nanosecond pulsed plasma and electric field on inactivation of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3143506. [PMID: 37546947 PMCID: PMC10402252 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3143506/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanosecond pulsed atmospheric pressure plasma jets (ns-APPJs) produce reactive plasma species, including charged particles and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), which can induce oxidative stress in biological cells. Nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) has also been found to cause permeabilization of cell membranes and induce apoptosis or cell death. Combining the treatment of ns-APPJ and nsPEF may enhance the effectiveness of cancer cell inactivation with only moderate doses of both treatments. Employing ns-APPJ powered by 9 kV, 200 ns pulses at 2 kHz and 60-nsPEF of 50 kV/cm at 1 Hz, the synergistic effects on pancreatic cancer cells (Pan02) in vitro were evaluated on cell viability and transcellular electrical resistance (TER). It was observed that treatment with ns-APPJ for >2 min disrupts Pan02 cell stability and resulted in over 30% cell death. Similarly, applying nsPEF alone, >20 pulses resulted in over 15% cell death. While the inactivation activity from the individual treatment is moderate, combined treatments resulted in 80% cell death, approximately 3-to-5-fold increase compared to the individual treatment. In addition, reactive oxygen species such as OH and O were identified at the plasma-liquid interface. The gas temperature of the plasma and the temperature of the cell solution during treatments were determined to be near room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin A Oshin
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23455 USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Zobia Minhas
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23455 USA
| | | | - John D Catravas
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23455 USA
- School of Medical Diagnostic and Translational Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Richard Heller
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, FL-33612 Tampa, USA
| | - Siqi Guo
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23455 USA
| | - Chunqi Jiang
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23455 USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
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Tuergan T, Zhang R, Chen X, Aihemaiti N, Guo X, Ran B, Jiang T, Guo Q, Aji T. LncRNA Regulation Mechanism in Hepatic Alveolar Echinococcosis with Nanosecond Pulse. Acta Parasitol 2023:10.1007/s11686-023-00672-3. [PMID: 37103765 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-023-00672-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mortality of patients infected with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE) was higher. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) on HAE in rats and explore the related molecular mechanisms. METHODS Establishment of HAE rat model and the lesions were treated with nsPEFs. The RNA of lesions in the high voltage nsPEFs treatment group and model group were extracted, and lncRNA and mRNA sequence analyses was performed. After obtaining the differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs between the two groups, enrichment analysis was performed for mRNAs. The target genes of lncRNAs were predicted through co-location and co-expression. The expression of important lncRNAs and target genes in lesions was detected by qPCR. RESULTS The HAE rat model was successfully established. After nsPEFs treatment, the size of lesions was improved significantly. Then, we identified 270 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 1659 differentially expressed mRNAs between the high voltage nsPEFs treatment group and model group. Enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed mRNAs were mainly enriched in metabolism and inflammation. Five important lncRNAs regulatory networks were identified, then Cpa1, Cpb1, Cel, Cela2a, and Cela3b were identified as key target genes. Importantly, the expression of 5 lncRNAs and 5 target genes was verified in the lesions. CONCLUSIONS Preliminary results had shown that HAE treatment with nsPEFs can inhibit the growth of lesions. NsPEFs treatment altered gene expression in the lesions, and some genes were regulated by lncRNAs. The therapeutic mechanism may involve metabolism and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talaiti Tuergan
- Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Ürümqi, China
| | - Ruiqing Zhang
- Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Ürümqi, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Ürümqi, China
| | | | - Xiaozhe Guo
- Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Ürümqi, China
| | - Bo Ran
- Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Ürümqi, China
| | - Tiemin Jiang
- Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Ürümqi, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Ürümqi, China
| | - Tuerganaili Aji
- Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Ürümqi, China.
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Guo S, Sersa G, Heller R. Editorial: Pulsed electric field based technologies for oncology applications. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1183900. [PMID: 37035185 PMCID: PMC10073665 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1183900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Guo
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States
- *Correspondence: Siqi Guo,
| | - Gregor Sersa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Richard Heller
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
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Edelblute C, Mangiamele C, Heller R. Moderate Heat-Assisted Gene Electrotransfer as a Potential Delivery Approach for Protein Replacement Therapy through the Skin. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111908. [PMID: 34834323 PMCID: PMC8624362 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene-based approaches for protein replacement therapies have the potential to reduce the number of administrations. Our previous work demonstrated that expression could be enhanced and/or the applied voltage reduced by preheating the tissue prior to pulse administration. In the current study, we utilized our 16-pin multi-electrode array (MEA) and incorporated nine optical fibers, connected to an infrared laser, between each set of four electrodes to heat the tissue to 43 °C. For proof of principle, a guinea pig model was used to test delivery of reporter genes. We observed that when the skin was preheated, it was possible to achieve the same expression levels as gene electrotransfer without preheating, but with a 23% reduction of applied voltage or a 50% reduction of pulse number. With respect to expression distribution, preheating allowed for delivery to the deep dermis and muscle. This suggested that this cutaneous delivery approach has the potential to achieve expression in the systemic circulation, thus this protocol was repeated using a plasmid encoding Human Factor IX. Elevated Factor IX serum protein levels were detected by ELISA up to 100 days post gene delivery. Further work will involve optimizing protein levels and scalability in an effort to reduce application frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Edelblute
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, 4211 Monarch Way, Suite 300, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA; (C.E.); (C.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA
| | - Cathryn Mangiamele
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, 4211 Monarch Way, Suite 300, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA; (C.E.); (C.M.)
| | - Richard Heller
- Department of Medical Engineering, Colleges of Medicine and Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Correspondence:
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Jiang C, Oshin EA, Guo S, Scott M, Li X, Mangiamele C, Heller R. Synergistic effects of an atmospheric pressure plasma jet and pulsed electric field on cells and skin. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE. IEEE NUCLEAR AND PLASMA SCIENCES SOCIETY 2021; 49:3317-3324. [PMID: 34898731 PMCID: PMC8653988 DOI: 10.1109/tps.2021.3113260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Nonthermal atmospheric pressure plasmas produce reactive plasma species including charged particles and reactive oxygen nitrogen species, which are known to induce oxidative stress in living cells in liquid or tissue. In the meantime, pulsed electric fields have been widely used in reversible or irreversible electropermeabilization for either the delivery of plasmid DNA or inactivation of cancer cells. This work discusses the synergistic effects of nanosecond pulsed plasma jets and pulsed electric field on inactivation of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and enhancement of plasmid DNA delivery to guinea pig skin in vivo. Higher inactivation rates of the cancer cells in suspension were obtained with combined treatment of 300-ns 50 kV/cm pulsed electric field and a 1-min exposure of a nanosecond pulsed, 250-μm plasma jet. Increased efficiency of gene electrotransfer to skin was also observed after a 3-min treatment of a nanosecond pulsed, 1-mm plasma jet. Application of the plasma alone at the same dosage did not have significant effect on gene delivery. These findings signify the dosage-dependent cell-response to both the electric fields and plasma. Importantly, the use of cold plasma to increase the sensitization of the biological cells in response to pulsed electric fields could be an effective approach to enhance the desired effects in electroporation-based applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqi Jiang
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA
| | - Edwin A Oshin
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA
| | - Siqi Guo
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA
| | - Megan Scott
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA
| | - Xi Li
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA
| | - Cathryn Mangiamele
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA
| | - Richard Heller
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
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Kim V, Gudvangen E, Kondratiev O, Redondo L, Xiao S, Pakhomov AG. Peculiarities of Neurostimulation by Intense Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields: How to Avoid Firing in Peripheral Nerve Fibers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137051. [PMID: 34208945 PMCID: PMC8269031 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Intense pulsed electric fields (PEF) are a novel modality for the efficient and targeted ablation of tumors by electroporation. The major adverse side effects of PEF therapies are strong involuntary muscle contractions and pain. Nanosecond-range PEF (nsPEF) are less efficient at neurostimulation and can be employed to minimize such side effects. We quantified the impact of the electrode configuration, PEF strength (up to 20 kV/cm), repetition rate (up to 3 MHz), bi- and triphasic pulse shapes, and pulse duration (down to 10 ns) on eliciting compound action potentials (CAPs) in nerve fibers. The excitation thresholds for single unipolar but not bipolar stimuli followed the classic strength–duration dependence. The addition of the opposite polarity phase for nsPEF increased the excitation threshold, with symmetrical bipolar nsPEF being the least efficient. Stimulation by nsPEF bursts decreased the excitation threshold as a power function above a critical duty cycle of 0.1%. The threshold reduction was much weaker for symmetrical bipolar nsPEF. Supramaximal stimulation by high-rate nsPEF bursts elicited only a single CAP as long as the burst duration did not exceed the nerve refractory period. Such brief bursts of bipolar nsPEF could be the best choice to minimize neuromuscular stimulation in ablation therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalii Kim
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA; (V.K.); (E.G.); (S.X.)
| | - Emily Gudvangen
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA; (V.K.); (E.G.); (S.X.)
| | | | - Luis Redondo
- Lisbon Engineering Superior Institute, GIAAPP/ISEL, 1959-007 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Shu Xiao
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA; (V.K.); (E.G.); (S.X.)
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA
| | - Andrei G. Pakhomov
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA; (V.K.); (E.G.); (S.X.)
- Correspondence:
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Petrella RA, Fesmire CC, Kaufman JD, Topasna N, Sano MB. Algorithmically Controlled Electroporation: A Technique for Closed Loop Temperature Regulated Pulsed Electric Field Cancer Ablation. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2020; 67:2176-2186. [PMID: 32673194 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2019.2956537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of a closed-loop temperature based feedback algorithm on ablative outcomes for pulsed electric field treatments. METHODS A 3D tumor model of glioblastoma was used to assess the impact of 2 μs duration bipolar waveforms on viability following exposure to open and closed-loop protocols. Closed-loop treatments evaluated transient temperature increases of 5, 10, 15, or 22 °C above baseline. RESULTS The temperature controlled ablation diameters were conditionally different than the open-loop treatments and closed-loop treatments generally produced smaller ablations. Closed-loop control enabled the investigation of treatments with steady state 42 °C hyperthermic conditions which were not feasible without active feedback. Baseline closed-loop treatments at 20 °C resulted in ablations measuring 9.9 ± 0.3 mm in diameter while 37 °C treatments were 20% larger (p < 0.0001) measuring 11.8 ± 0.3 mm indicating that this protocol induces a thermally mediated biological response. CONCLUSION A closed-loop control algorithm which modulated the delay between successive pulse waveforms to achieve stable target temperatures was demonstrated. Algorithmic control enabled the evaluation of specific treatment parameters at physiological temperatures not possible with open-loop systems due to excessive Joule heating. SIGNIFICANCE Irreversible electroporation is generally considered to be a non-thermal ablation modality and temperature monitoring is not part of the standard clinical practice. The results of this study indicate ablative outcomes due to exposure to pulses on the order of one microsecond may be thermally mediated and dependent on local tissue temperatures. The results of this study set the foundation for experiments in vivo utilizing temperature control algorithms.
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Tunikowska J, Antończyk A, Rembiałkowska N, Jóźwiak Ł, Novickij V, Kulbacka J. The First Application of Nanoelectrochemotherapy in Feline Oral Malignant Melanoma Treatment-Case Study. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10040556. [PMID: 32225098 PMCID: PMC7222405 DOI: 10.3390/ani10040556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The current study concerns feline melanoma of the oral cavity, which is rather rarely diagnosed but is usually correlated with poor prognosis. Here we proposed a new treatment modality using CO2 laser surgery with pulsed electric fields with ultra-short pulses in combination with bleomycin. The applied nanoelectrochemotherapy resulted in positive response and satisfactory animal recovery. Thus, nanosecond electroporation seems a reasonable anticancer approach in domestic animals. Abstract Background: The aim of this study was to present the first domestic animal trial of nanosecond electroporation with chemotherapy and CO2 laser surgery. Methods: sixteen-year-old domestic cat with diagnosed melanoma on oral cavity was the case used in the study. Firstly, CO2 laser surgery was used for the removal of most of tumor mass. Then nanoelectrochemotherapy with bleomycin was applied including appropriate margin of healthy tissue. A 15 ± 4 kV/cm × 15 ns pulsing protocol was employed with a total of 800 ± 100 pulses. Only one session of nanoelectrochemotherapy (nanoECT) was performed. Results and conclusions: during the next two weeks areas of focal necrosis were replaced by the granulation tissue. Complete wound healing was observed four weeks after initial treatment. After 15 weeks post treatment, no local recurrence was apparent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Tunikowska
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.T.); (A.A.); (Ł.J.)
| | - Agnieszka Antończyk
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.T.); (A.A.); (Ł.J.)
| | - Nina Rembiałkowska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Jóźwiak
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.T.); (A.A.); (Ł.J.)
| | - Vitalij Novickij
- Institute of High Magnetic Fields, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 03227 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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11
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Thermal Analysis of Infrared Irradiation-Assisted Nanosecond-Pulsed Tumor Ablation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5122. [PMID: 32198424 PMCID: PMC7083914 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields (nsPEF) have the potential to treat a variety of cancer types including melanoma, pancreatic and lung squamous cancers. Recent studies show that nsPEF-based cancer therapy may be improved further with the assistance of moderate heating of the target. A feedback-looped heating system, utilizing a 980-nm fiber optic laser, was integrated into nsPEF electrodes for tumor ablation. The laser beam profile was determined to be Gaussian using a knife-edge technique. Thermal properties of the biological target were evaluated based on the treatment area, penetration depth and thermal distribution due to laser irradiation with or without nsPEF. Synergistic effects between nsPEF and the moderately elevated temperature at the target was observed, resulting in enhanced overall survival tumor regression up to 50% in the treatment of lung squamous cell cancer in mice.
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