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Guan W, Chen Y, Fan Y. miR-26a is a Key Therapeutic Target with Enormous Potential in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Human Disease. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:2550-2570. [PMID: 38204224 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673271808231116075056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNA-26a (miR-26a) belongs to small non-coding regulatory RNA molecules emerging as fundamental post-transcriptional regulators inhibiting gene expression that plays vital roles in various processes of human diseases such as depression, renal ischemia and reperfusion injury, liver injury and some refractory cancer. In this review, we expound on the results of studies about miR-26a with emphasis on its function in animal models or in vitro cell culture to simulate the most common human disease in the clinic. Furthermore, we also illustrate the underlying mechanisms of miR-26a in strengthening the antitumor activity of antineoplastic drugs. Importantly, dysregulation of miR-26a has been related to many chronic and malignant diseases, especially in neurological disorders in the brain such as depression and neurodegenerative diseases as well as cancers such as papillary thyroid carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma and so on. It follows that miR-26a has a strong possibility to be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of neurological disorders and cancers. Although the research of miRNAs has made great progress in the last few decades, much is yet to be discovered, especially regarding their underlying mechanisms and roles in the complex diseases of humans. Consequently, miR-26a has been analyzed in chronic and malignant diseases, and we discuss the dysregulation of miR-26a and functional roles in the development and pathogenesis of these diseases, which is very helpful for understanding their mechanisms as new biomarkers for diagnosing and curing diseases in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, 226006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhangjiagang Second People's Hospital, Zhangjiagang, 215600, Jiangsu, China
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Jia C, Chen J, Wang X, Yang X, Wu H, Chen A, Li J, Zhang K. Machine learning and experimental screening of chromatin regulator signatures and potential drugs in hepatitis B related hepatocellular carcinoma. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-15. [PMID: 38111163 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2295382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Many evidences have confirmed that chromatin regulator factors (CRs) are involved in the progression of cancer, but its potential mechanism of affecting hepatitis B related hepatocellular carcinoma still needs to be studied. Our study detected the CRs that affect hepatitis B related hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC) through machine learning analysis, conducted the analysis of immune cells, constructed the relevant risk model and immune function infiltration, and predicted the potential therapeutic drugs. We found that these CRs were significantly related to the immune cells of Macrophages, B cells, CD8+T cells, etc., and PBK, AURKA, TOP2A and AURKB were the potential risk CRs of HBV-HCC. The expression levels of these four CRs increased in HepG2.2.15 cells and the liver of HBV-HCC patients, consistent with the predicted risk model. Subsequently, ten potential drugs closely related to the risk CRs were finally obtained, experimental research on resveratrol has shown that it can inhibit the proliferation of HepG2.2.15 cells and potentially inhibit the occurrence and development of HBV-HCC. Our study provides novel insights into the function of CRs in HBV-HCC and certain ideas for more accurate targeted therapy.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxin Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xueting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Xingliang Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxing Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Aiping Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingzhong Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kunlin Zhang
- Center for Genetics and BioMedical Informatics Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Hu J, Liu WF, Zhang XY, Shi GM, Yang XR, Zhou KQ, Hu B, Chen FY, Zhou C, Lau WY, Fan J, Wang Z, Zhou J. Synthetic miR-26a mimics delivered by tumor exosomes repress hepatocellular carcinoma through downregulating lymphoid enhancer factor 1. Hepatol Int 2023; 17:1265-1278. [PMID: 37115456 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-023-10527-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dysregulation of exosomal microRNAs plays an important role in the progression of hepatocarcinogenesis. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of synthetic exosomal miR-26a against HCC cells and explored the feasibility of tumor-derived exosomes as drug delivery vehicles. METHODS Proliferation and migration assays were performed to examine the effects of miR-26a on HCC in vitro. The direct target gene of miR-26a was identified through miRecords analysis and target validation. The transferring efficiency and anti-HCC effect of exosomes with different origin were studied and the optimal miR-26a delivery method was established and verified in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the relationships between prognosis of HCC patients and miR-26a expression in HCC serum and exosomes were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS Here, we found that tumor cell-derived exosomes were taken in preferentially by HCC cells and promoted HCC progression through Wnt pathway by low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6). HCC cells with vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 35 knocked down were adopted to generate engineered LRP6-exosomes. The engineered HCC-derived exosomes loading miR-26a inhibited HCC progression in vitro and in vivo effectively. Overexpression of miR-26a impaired the growth and migration of HCC by targeting lymphoid enhancer factor 1 (LEF1). Moreover, low expression of exosomal miR-26a was an independent prognostic factor for recurrence and survival in HCC patients. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested the exosomal miR-26a could serve as a non-invasive prognostic marker for HCC patients. Genetically modified tumor-derived exosomes showed preferable transfection efficiency but reduced Wnt activity, which provides a novel therapeutic strategy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei-Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Guo-Ming Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xin-Rong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Kai-Qian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fei-Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wan-Yee Lau
- Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Jian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Mattioli R, Ilari A, Colotti B, Mosca L, Fazi F, Colotti G. Doxorubicin and other anthracyclines in cancers: Activity, chemoresistance and its overcoming. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 93:101205. [PMID: 37515939 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2023.101205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Anthracyclines have been important and effective treatments against a number of cancers since their discovery. However, their use in therapy has been complicated by severe side effects and toxicity that occur during or after treatment, including cardiotoxicity. The mode of action of anthracyclines is complex, with several mechanisms proposed. It is possible that their high toxicity is due to the large set of processes involved in anthracycline action. The development of resistance is a major barrier to successful treatment when using anthracyclines. This resistance is based on a series of mechanisms that have been studied and addressed in recent years. This work provides an overview of the anthracyclines used in cancer therapy. It discusses their mechanisms of activity, toxicity, and chemoresistance, as well as the approaches used to improve their activity, decrease their toxicity, and overcome resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Mattioli
- Dept. Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ilari
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council IBPM-CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Colotti
- Dept. Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciana Mosca
- Dept. Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Fazi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopaedic Sciences, Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianni Colotti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council IBPM-CNR, Rome, Italy.
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Li S, Hao L, Hu X, Li L. A systematic study on the treatment of hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma with drugs based on bioinformatics and key target reverse network pharmacology and experimental verification. Infect Agent Cancer 2023; 18:41. [PMID: 37393234 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-023-00520-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the major etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mechanism of hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-related HCC) is still unclear. Therefore, understanding the pathogenesis and searching for drugs to treat HBV-related HCC was an effective strategy to treat this disease. PURPOSE Bioinformatics was used to predict the potential targets of HBV-related HCC. The reverse network pharmacology of key targets was used to analyze the clinical drugs, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and small molecules of TCM in the treatment of HBV-related HCC. METHODS In this study, three microarray datasets totally containing 330 tumoral samples and 297 normal samples were selected from the GEO database. These microarray datasets were used to screen DEGs. And the expression profile and survival of 6 key genes were analyzed. In addition, Comparative Toxicogenomics Database and Coremine Medical database were used to enrich clinical drugs and TCM of HBV-related HCC by the 6 key targets. Then the obtained TCM were classified based on the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Among these top 6 key genes, CDK1 and CCNB1 had the most connection nodes and the highest degree and were the most significantly expressed. In general, CDK1 and CCNB1 tend to form a complex, which is conducive to cell mitosis. Hence, this study mainly studied CDK1 and CCNB1. HERB database was used to predict small molecules TCM. The inhibition effect of quercetin, celastrol and cantharidin on HepG2.2.15 cells and Hep3B cells was verified by CCK8 experiment. The effects of quercetin, celastrol and cantharidin on CDK1 and CCNB1 of HepG2.2.15 cells and Hep3B cells were determined by Western Blot. RESULTS In short, 272 DEGs (53 upregulated and 219 downregulated) were identified. Among these DEGs, 6 key genes with high degree were identified, which were AURKA, BIRC5, CCNB1, CDK1, CDKN3 and TYMS. Kaplan-Meier plotter analysis showed that higher expression levels of AURKA, BIRC5, CCNB1, CDK1, CDKN3 and TYMS were associated with poor OS. According to the first 6 key targets, a variety of drugs and TCM were identified. These results showed that clinical drugs included targeted drugs, such as sorafenib, palbociclib and Dasatinib. and chemotherapy drugs, such as cisplatin and doxorubicin. TCM, such as the TCM flavor was mainly warm and bitter, and the main meridians were liver and lung. Small molecules of TCM included flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids and glycosides, such as quercetin, celastrol, cantharidin, hesperidin, silymarin, casticin, berberine and ursolic acid, which have great potential in anti-HBV-related HCC. For molecular docking of chemical components, the molecules with higher scores were flavonoids, alkaloids, etc. Three representative types of TCM small molecules were verified respectively, and it was found that quercetin, celastrol and cantharidin inhibited the proliferation of HepG2.2.15 cells and Hep3B cells along concentration gradient. Quercetin, celastrol and cantharidin decreased CDK1 expression in HepG2.2.15 and Hep3B cells, but for CCNB1, only cantharidin decreased CCNB1 expression in the two strains of cells. CONCLUSION In conclusion, AURKA, BIRC5, CCNB1, CDK1, CDKN3 and TYMS could be potential targets for the diagnosis and prognosis of HBV-related HCC. Clinical drugs include chemotherapeutic and targeted drug, traditional Chinese medicine is mainly bitter and warm TCM. Small molecular of TCM including flavonoids, terpenoids and glycosides and alkaloids, which have great potential in anti-HBV-related HCC. This study provides potential therapeutic targets and novel strategies for the treatment of HBV-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghao Li
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 37 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyuan Hao
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 37 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Luya Li
- Department of Pharmacy Department, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, NO.12, Jian Kang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050010, Hebei, People's Republic of China
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Cacioppo R, Akman HB, Tuncer T, Erson-Bensan AE, Lindon C. Differential translation of mRNA isoforms underlies oncogenic activation of cell cycle kinase Aurora A. eLife 2023; 12:RP87253. [PMID: 37384380 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aurora Kinase A (AURKA) is an oncogenic kinase with major roles in mitosis, but also exerts cell cycle- and kinase-independent functions linked to cancer. Therefore, control of its expression, as well as its activity, is crucial. A short and a long 3'UTR isoform exist for AURKA mRNA, resulting from alternative polyadenylation (APA). We initially observed that in triple-negative breast cancer, where AURKA is typically overexpressed, the short isoform is predominant and this correlates with faster relapse times of patients. The short isoform is characterized by higher translational efficiency since translation and decay rate of the long isoform are targeted by hsa-let-7a tumor-suppressor miRNA. Additionally, hsa-let-7a regulates the cell cycle periodicity of translation of the long isoform, whereas the short isoform is translated highly and constantly throughout interphase. Finally, disrupted production of the long isoform led to an increase in proliferation and migration rates of cells. In summary, we uncovered a new mechanism dependent on the cooperation between APA and miRNA targeting likely to be a route of oncogenic activation of human AURKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Cacioppo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hesna Begum Akman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Biological Sciences, Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Taner Tuncer
- Department of Biology, Ondokuz Mayis Universitesi, Samsun, Turkey
| | | | - Catherine Lindon
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Li G, Tian Y, Gao Z. The role of AURKA/miR-199b-3p in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24758. [PMID: 36377304 PMCID: PMC9756977 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies proved that AURKA functions as an oncogene in several cancers. This article aimed to probe the miRNA-induced regulatory mechanism of AURKA in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS Differentially expressed genes in TCGA-LIHC dataset were screened by bioinformatics methods. Levels of miR-199b-3p and AURKA mRNA were examined by qRT-PCR. Western blot was utilized to evaluate protein levels of AURKA, p-AKT, and AKT. Dual-luciferase assay was introduced to explore their interaction. MTT, colony formation, scratch healing, transwell, and flow cytometry assays were introduced into cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis assessment. The impact of miR-199b-3p/AURKA axis on HCC tumor growth was determined in a tumor xenograft model. RESULTS We found that AURKA was highly expressed in HCC and was coupled to poor prognosis of HCC. As manifested by cellular assays, compared to the normal cells HL-7702, AURKA presented notably high expression in HCC cell lines. Overexpressed AURKA evidently impelled the proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells while suppressing apoptosis. The regulatory gene upstream of AURKA was predicted to be miR-199b-3p by bioinformatics method, and there was a markedly negative correlation between the two. Overexpressed miR-199b-3p constrained HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion while fostering apoptosis, which could be counteracted by upregulating AURKA. MiR-199b-3p repressed the tumor growth in vivo by targeting AURKA and affected PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. CONCLUSION To summarize, this study implied the regulatory mechanism of miR-199b-3p/AURKA axis in HCC, and supplied optional therapeutic targets for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guogang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Yang Tian
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Zhenzhen Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
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Cacioppo R, Lindon C. Regulating the regulator: a survey of mechanisms from transcription to translation controlling expression of mammalian cell cycle kinase Aurora A. Open Biol 2022; 12:220134. [PMID: 36067794 PMCID: PMC9448500 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aurora Kinase A (AURKA) is a positive regulator of mitosis with a strict cell cycle-dependent expression pattern. Recently, novel oncogenic roles of AURKA have been uncovered that are independent of the kinase activity and act within multiple signalling pathways, including cell proliferation, survival and cancer stem cell phenotypes. For this, cellular abundance of AURKA protein is per se crucial and must be tightly fine-tuned. Indeed, AURKA is found overexpressed in different cancers, typically as a result of gene amplification or enhanced transcription. It has however become clear that impaired processing, decay and translation of AURKA mRNA can also offer the basis for altered AURKA levels. Accordingly, the involvement of gene expression mechanisms controlling AURKA expression in human diseases is increasingly recognized and calls for much more research. Here, we explore and create an integrated view of the molecular processes regulating AURKA expression at the level of transcription, post-transcription and translation, intercalating discussion on how impaired regulation underlies disease. Given that targeting AURKA levels might affect more functions compared to inhibiting the kinase activity, deeper understanding of its gene expression may aid the design of alternative and therapeutically more successful ways of suppressing the AURKA oncogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Cacioppo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Catherine Lindon
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Shoorei H, Mohaqiq M, Majidpoor J, Moosavi MA, Taheri M. Exploring the role of non-coding RNAs in autophagy. Autophagy 2022; 18:949-970. [PMID: 33525971 PMCID: PMC9196749 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1883881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As a self-degradative mechanism, macroautophagy/autophagy has a role in the maintenance of energy homeostasis during critical periods in the development of cells. It also controls cellular damage through the eradication of damaged proteins and organelles. This process is accomplished by tens of ATG (autophagy-related) proteins. Recent studies have shown the involvement of non-coding RNAs in the regulation of autophagy. These transcripts mostly modulate the expression of ATG genes. Both long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to modulate the autophagy mechanism. Levels of several lncRNAs and miRNAs are altered in this process. In the present review, we discuss the role of lncRNAs and miRNAs in the regulation of autophagy in diverse contexts such as cancer, deep vein thrombosis, spinal cord injury, diabetes and its complications, acute myocardial infarction, osteoarthritis, pre-eclampsia and epilepsy.Abbreviations: AMI: acute myocardial infarction; ATG: autophagy-related; lncRNA: long non-coding RNA; miRNA: microRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Shoorei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mohaqiq
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jamal Majidpoor
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Moosavi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Cai B, Qu X, Kan D, Luo Y. miR-26a-5p suppresses nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression by inhibiting PTGS2 expression. Cell Cycle 2022; 21:618-629. [PMID: 35073820 PMCID: PMC8942422 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2030168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has a low five-year survival rate, and its pathogenesis remains unclear. There is an urgent need to improve our understanding of the genetic regulation of NPC tumorigenesis and development. The role of miR-26a-5p in NPC growth regulation and the expression of its target, PTGS2, was analyzed. Quantitative Real-time PCR assay was used to detect miR-26a-5p and PTGS2 expression in human NPC tissues and cell lines. The RNA pull-down dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to determine the association between miR-26a-5p and PTGS2. The effects of miR-26a-5p and PTGS2 on NPC cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion were measured by CCK-8, BrdU, and Transwell assays. miR-26a-5p expression in NPC tissues and cell lines was significantly decreased. The overexpression of miR-26a-5p inhibited the viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion of NPC cells. miR-26a-5p bound to the 3-'untranslated region of PTGS2, thus reducing PTGS2 protein levels. miR-26a-5p inhibited NPC development by reducing the expression of its target PTGS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binlin Cai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Puren Hospital of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiu Qu
- Department of Pain Treatment, Affiliated Puren Hospital of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Kan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Puren Hospital of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Puren Hospital of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,CONTACT Yi Luo Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Puren Hospital of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Benxi Street, Qingshan District, Wuhan, Hubei430081, China
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Tian H, Chen Y, Zhang R, Liu J. The Role of COL22A1 in the Pathophysiology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Evidence from Bioinformatics Exploration. Cancer Manag Res 2022. [DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s349991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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12
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Torki Z, Ghavi D, Hashemi S, Rahmati Y, Rahmanpour D, Pornour M, Alivand MR. The related miRNAs involved in doxorubicin resistance or sensitivity of various cancers: an update. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2021; 88:771-793. [PMID: 34510251 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-021-04337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective chemotherapy agent against a wide variety of tumors. However, intrinsic or acquired resistance diminishes the sensitivity of cancer cells to DOX, which leads to a cancer relapse and treatment failure. Resolutions to this challenge includes identification of the molecular pathways underlying DOX sensitivity/resistance and the development of innovative techniques to boost DOX sensitivity. DOX is classified as a Topoisomerase II poison, which is cytotoxic to rapidly dividing tumor cells. Molecular mechanisms responsible for DOX resistance include effective DNA repair and resumption of cell proliferation, deregulated development of cancer stem cell and epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and modulation of programmed cell death. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to potentiate the reversal of DOX resistance as they have gene-specific regulatory functions in DOX-responsive molecular pathways. Identifying the dysregulation patterns of miRNAs for specific tumors following treatment with DOX facilitates the development of novel combination therapies, such as nanoparticles harboring miRNA or miRNA inhibitors to eventually prevent DOX-induced chemoresistance. In this article, we summarize recent findings on the role of miRNAs underlying DOX sensitivity/resistance molecular pathways. Also, we provide latest strategies for utilizing deregulated miRNA patterns as biomarkers or miRNAs as tools to overcome chemoresistance and enhance patient's response to DOX treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Torki
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Davood Ghavi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Solmaz Hashemi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yazdan Rahmati
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Dara Rahmanpour
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Pornour
- Department of Photo Healing and Regeneration, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Alivand
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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13
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Záveský L, Jandáková E, Weinberger V, Hanzíková V, Slanař O, Kohoutová M. Ascites in ovarian cancer: MicroRNA deregulations and their potential roles in ovarian carcinogenesis. Cancer Biomark 2021; 33:1-16. [PMID: 34511487 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-210219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer comprises the most lethal gynecologic malignancy and is accompanied by the high potential for the incidence of metastasis, recurrence and chemotherapy resistance, often associated with a formation of ascitic fluid. The differentially expressed ascites-derived microRNAs may be linked to ovarian carcinogenesis. The article focuses on a number of miRNAs that share a common expression pattern as determined by independent studies using ascites samples and with regard to their functions and outcomes in experimental and clinical investigations.Let-7b and miR-143 have featured as tumor suppressors in ovarian cancer, which is in line with data on other types of cancer. Although two miRNAs, i.e. miR-26a-5p and miR-145-5p, act principally as tumor suppressor miRNAs, they occasionally exhibit oncogenic roles. The performance of miR-95-3p, upregulated in ascites, is open to debate given the current lack of supportive data on ovarian cancer; however, data on other cancers indicates its probable oncogenic role. Different findings have been reported for miR-182-5p and miR-200c-3p; in addition to their presumed oncogenic roles, contrasting findings have indicated their ambivalent functions. Further research is required for the identification and evaluation of the potential of specific miRNAs in the diagnosis, prediction, treatment and outcomes of ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luděk Záveský
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Jandáková
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vít Weinberger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Hanzíková
- Faculty Transfusion Center, General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Slanař
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milada Kohoutová
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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14
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Taheri M, Mahmud Hussen B, Tondro Anamag F, Shoorei H, Dinger ME, Ghafouri-Fard S. The role of miRNAs and lncRNAs in conferring resistance to doxorubicin. J Drug Target 2021; 30:1-21. [PMID: 33788650 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2021.1909052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin is a chemotherapeutic agent that inhibits topoisomerase II, intercalates within DNA base pairs and results in oxidative DNA damage, thus inducing cell apoptosis. Although it is effective in the treatment of a wide range of human cancers, the emergence of resistance to this drug can increase tumour growth and impact patients' survival. Numerous molecular mechanisms and signalling pathways have been identified that induce resistance to doxorubicin via stimulation of cell proliferation, cell cycle switch and preclusion of apoptosis. A number of microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have also been identified that alter sensitivity to doxorubicin. Understanding the particular impact of these non-coding RNAs in conferring resistance to doxorubicin has considerable potential to improve selection of chemotherapeutic regimens for cancer patients. Moreover, modulation of expression of these transcripts is a putative strategy for combating resistance. In the current paper, the influence of miRNAs and lncRNAs in the modification of resistance to doxorubicin is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | | | - Hamed Shoorei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Marcel E Dinger
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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The regulatory effect of has-circ-0001146/miR-26a-5p/MNAT1 network on the proliferation and invasion of osteosarcoma. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:225003. [PMID: 32453410 PMCID: PMC7284318 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20201232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a malignant bone tumour with the lowest survival rates out of all paediatric cancers and is primarily diagnosed in children and adolescents. MNAT1 is a subunit in the cyclin-dependent kinase-activating kinase complex. Abnormal up-regulation of MNAT1 has been associated with the poor prognosis of multiple cancers. Bioinformatics analysis showed that has-circ-0001146 and miR-26a-5p were involved in the regulation of MNAT1 in osteosarcoma. The present study investigated the regulatory effects of has-circ-0001146 and miR-26a-5p on MNAT1 expression using luciferase reporter and RNA-pull down assays. The effects of the has-circ-0001146/miR26a-5p/Mnat1 network on the proliferation and invasion of osteosarcoma were evaluated by cell viability, apoptosis, migration, and invasion assays. Osteosarcoma tissues showed higher MNAT1 and has-circ-0001146 expression than adjacent normal tissues, although the expression of MNAT1 was not significantly up-regulated in sarcomas according to TCGA databases. As indicated by luciferase reporter and RNA-pull down assays, miR-26a-5p was able to bind to both has-circ-0001146 and MNAT1 mRNA. The depletion of has-circ-0001146 as well as the increase of miR-26a-5p decreased MNAT1 expression in osteosarcoma cells, while the reduction of miR-26a-5p was associated with increased MNAT1 expression. These data suggested that has-circ-0001146 promoted MNAT1 expression by competitively binding to miR-26a-5p with MNAT1 mRNA. The depletion of has-circ-0001146 or MNAT1 or the increase of miR-26a-5p inhibited osteosarcoma cell viability and invasion, and increased apoptosis. Reduction of miR-26a-5p conversely promoted osteosarcoma cell viability and invasion. The present study confirmed that has-circ-0001146 blocked miR-26a-5p targeting MNAT1 in osteosarcoma cells, thereby promoting the malignant behaviours of osteosarcoma cells.
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16
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Honarmand Tamizkar K, Hussen BM, Taheri M. MicroRNA signature in liver cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 219:153369. [PMID: 33626406 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer is the 7th utmost frequent neoplasm and the 4th principal source of cancer deaths. This malignancy is linked with several environmental and lifestyle-related factors emphasizing the role of epigenetics in its pathogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been regarded as potent epigenetic mechanisms partaking in the pathogenesis of liver cancer. Dysregulation of miRNAs has been related with poor outcome of patients with liver cancer. In the current manuscript, we provide a concise review of the results of recent studies about the role of miRNAs in the progression of liver cancer and their diagnostic and prognostic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Ji D, He Y, Lu W, Rong Y, Li F, Huang X, Huang R, Jiang Y, Chen G. Small-sized extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from acute myeloid leukemia bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transfer miR-26a-5p to promote acute myeloid leukemia cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Hum Cell 2021; 34:965-976. [PMID: 33620671 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00501-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) microenvironment undergo modification that includes expression of contents in the small-sized extracellular vesicles (EVs) they secrete. This study aims to investigate whether small-sized EVs from BMSCs of AML patients regulate AML progression by modifying the expression of miR-26a-5p. Small-sized EVs from BMSCs of AML patients (AML-BMSC-EVs) or healthy controls (HC-BMSC-EVs) were isolated by ultra-centrifugation and administered to AML cells (OCI/AML-2 and THP-1). Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were evaluated by CCK-8 assay, Transwell migration and invasion assays, respectively. Compared with HC-BMSC-EVs, AML-BMSC-EVs contained higher expression of miR-26a-5p and promoted AML cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Inhibition of miR-26a-5p expression in AML-BMSC-EVs could abrogate the promoting effects of AML-BMSC-EVs on AML cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, GSK3β was a direct target of miR-26a-5p. Moreover, AML-BMSC-EVs inhibited GSK3β expression and activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling in AML cells. Additionally, GSK3β overexpression in THP-1 cells counteracted the promoting effects of AML-BMSCs-EVs on THP-1 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. AML-BMSC-EVs promoted AML progression by transferring miR-26a-5p to AML cells and subsequently activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexiang Ji
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Donghu District, Nanchang, 33000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yue He
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Donghu District, Nanchang, 33000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Donghu District, Nanchang, 33000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yanyan Rong
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Donghu District, Nanchang, 33000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Donghu District, Nanchang, 33000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xianbao Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Donghu District, Nanchang, 33000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ruibin Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Donghu District, Nanchang, 33000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yanxia Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 33000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guoan Chen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Donghu District, Nanchang, 33000, Jiangxi, China.
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Comparison of MicroRNA Transcriptomes Reveals the Association between MiR-148a-3p Expression and Rumen Development in Goats. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10111951. [PMID: 33114089 PMCID: PMC7690783 DOI: 10.3390/ani10111951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In ruminants, the rumen epithelium plays an important role in nutrient absorption, metabolism and transport. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to regulate the proliferation of diverse epithelial cells. In this study, we profiled the miRNA transcriptomes of goat rumens at four development stages and screened for candidate miRNAs related to rumen development. MiR-148a-3p was found to be highly expressed in the rumen tissues and induced the proliferation of GES-1 cells by targeting QKI. Our findings provide some insights into the functional roles of miRNAs in rumen growth and functional development in ruminants. Abstract The rumen is an important digestive organ of ruminants. From the fetal to adult stage, the morphology, structure and function of the rumen change significantly. However, the knowledge of the intrinsic genetic regulation of these changes is still limited. We previously reported a genome-wide expression profile of miRNAs in pre-natal goat rumens. In this study, we combined and analyzed the transcriptomes of rumen miRNAs during pre-natal (E60 and E135) and post-natal (D30 and D150) stages. A total of 66 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were identified in the rumen tissues from D30 and D150 goats. Of these, 17 DEMs were consistently highly expressed in the rumens at the pre-weaning stages (E60, E135 and D30), while down-regulated at D150. Noteworthy, annotation analysis revealed that the target genes regulated by the DEMs were mainly enriched in MAPK signaling pathway, Jak-STAT signaling pathway and Ras signaling pathway. Interestingly, the expression of miR-148a-3p was significantly high in the embryonic stage and down-regulated at D150. The potential binding sites of miR-148a-3p in the 3′-UTR of QKI were predicted by the TargetScan and verified by the dual luciferase report assay. The co-localization of miR-148a-3p and QKI through in situ hybridization was observed in the rumen tissues but not in the intestinal tracts. Moreover, the expression of miR-148a-3p in the epithelium was significantly higher than that in the other layers of the rumen, suggesting that miR-148a-3p is involved in the development of the rumen epithelial cells by targeting QKI. Subsequently, miR-148a-3p inhibitor was found to induce the proliferation of GES-1 cells. Taken together, our study identified DEMs involved in the development of the rumen and provides insights into the regulation mechanism of rumen development in goats.
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