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Saboorifar H, Zafarani Y, Gholampour G, Roghani A, Qiu F, Dequaniter D, Yu Q. Serum inflammatory markers as prognostic marker for nasopharyngeal carcinoma with liver metastasis: a multi-center retrospective study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 281:4315-4324. [PMID: 38642085 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-024-08649-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This retrospective study investigated the prognostic value of serum inflammatory markers in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients, focusing on their association with overall survival (OS) and liver metastasis-free survival (LMFS). METHODS The study included 314 NPC patients treated between 2010 and 2020. Clinical characteristics, treatment methods, and serum inflammatory markers were assessed. Patients were categorized into two groups of with and without liver metastasis. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were performed to investigate the prognostic value of serum inflammatory markers in NPC patients with and without liver metastasis. RESULTS In the whole cohort, univariate Cox regression analysis singled out tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (HR = 1.57, 95% CI 1.44-4.90, p = 0.004) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (HR = 2.13, 95% CI 1.33-3.99, p = 0.009), which were significantly associated with poorer OS. In patients with liver metastasis, TNF-α and NLR could not independently predict OS. However, high TNF-α levels were independently associated with worse OS in patients without liver metastasis (HR (95% CI) = 2.75 (1.67-8.68), p < 0.001). High NLR levels could independently predict poor OS in both groups with (HR (95% CI) = 1.94 (1.77-6.38), p = 0.010) and without liver metastasis (HR (95% CI) = 1.58 (1.19-7.54), p = 0.009). Ultimately, TNF-α and NLR could not significantly predict LMFS. CONCLUSION This study highlights the prognostic significance of TNF-α and NLR in NPC patients, especially in those with liver metastasis. These inflammatory markers could serve as valuable indicators for assessing the prognosis of NPC patients. Further research is warranted to validate their clinical utility and explore potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Saboorifar
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Yasamin Zafarani
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Golsa Gholampour
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arman Roghani
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Feng Qiu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dideir Dequaniter
- Medicine Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik 808, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Qiao Yu
- Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
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Liu H, Tang L, Li Y, Xie W, Zhang L, Tang H, Xiao T, Yang H, Gu W, Wang H, Chen P. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: current views on the tumor microenvironment's impact on drug resistance and clinical outcomes. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:20. [PMID: 38254110 PMCID: PMC10802008 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01928-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) exhibits significant variations across different ethnic groups and geographical regions, with Southeast Asia and North Africa being endemic areas. Of note, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is closely associated with almost all of the undifferentiated NPC cases. Over the past three decades, radiation therapy and chemotherapy have formed the cornerstone of NPC treatment. However, recent advancements in immunotherapy have introduced a range of promising approaches for managing NPC. In light of these developments, it has become evident that a deeper understanding of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is crucial. The TME serves a dual function, acting as a promoter of tumorigenesis while also orchestrating immunosuppression, thereby facilitating cancer progression and enabling immune evasion. Consequently, a comprehensive comprehension of the TME and its intricate involvement in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of NPC is imperative for the development of effective anticancer drugs. Moreover, given the complexity of TME and the inter-patient heterogeneity, personalized treatment should be designed to maximize therapeutic efficacy and circumvent drug resistance. This review aims to provide an in-depth exploration of the TME within the context of EBV-induced NPC, with a particular emphasis on its pivotal role in regulating intercellular communication and shaping treatment responses. Additionally, the review offers a concise summary of drug resistance mechanisms and potential strategies for their reversal, specifically in relation to chemoradiation therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Furthermore, recent advances in clinical trials pertaining to NPC are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai Liu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yanxian Li
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Wenji Xie
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Hailin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tengfei Xiao
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Hongmin Yang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Wangning Gu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Pan Chen
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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Ji ZZ, Chan MKK, Chan ASW, Leung KT, Jiang X, To KF, Wu Y, Tang PMK. Tumour-associated macrophages: versatile players in the tumour microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1261749. [PMID: 37965573 PMCID: PMC10641386 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1261749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) are one of the pivotal components of the tumour microenvironment. Their roles in the cancer immunity are complicated, both pro-tumour and anti-cancer activities are reported, including not only angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, immunosuppression, drug resistance but also phagocytosis and tumour regression. Interestingly, TAMs are highly dynamic and versatile in solid tumours. They show anti-cancer or pro-tumour activities, and interplay between the tumour microenvironment and cancer stem cells and under specific conditions. In addition to the classic M1/M2 phenotypes, a number of novel dedifferentiation phenomena of TAMs are discovered due to the advanced single-cell technology, e.g., macrophage-myofibroblast transition (MMT) and macrophage-neuron transition (MNT). More importantly, emerging information demonstrated the potential of TAMs on cancer immunotherapy, suggesting by the therapeutic efficiency of the checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor engineered cells based on macrophages. Here, we summarized the latest discoveries of TAMs from basic and translational research and discussed their clinical relevance and therapeutic potential for solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoey Zeyuan Ji
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Max Kam-Kwan Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alex Siu-Wing Chan
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kam-Tong Leung
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ka-Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yi Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Ling J, Huang Y, Sun Z, Guo X, Chang A, Pan J, Zhuo X. Exploration of the effect of Celastrol on protein targets in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Network pharmacology, molecular docking and experimental evaluations. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:996728. [PMID: 36506508 PMCID: PMC9726908 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.996728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Celastrol, an important extract of Tripterygium wilfordii, shows strong antitumor activity in a variety of tumors including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, little is known about its targets in NPC. We aimed to screen the key gene targets of Celastrol in the treatment of NPC by means of in silico analyses (including network pharmacology and molecular docking) and experimental evaluations. Methods: The main target genes of Celastrol and the genes related to NPC were obtained by retrieving the relevant biological databases, and the common targets were screened. Protein-protein interaction analysis was used to screen the hub genes. Then, a "compound-target-disease" network model was created and molecular docking was used to predict the binding of Celastrol to the candidate hub proteins. Afterward, the expression changes of the candidate genes under the administration of Celastrol were verified in vitro and in vivo. Results: Sixty genes common to Celastrol and NPC were screened out, which may be related to numerous biological processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and tube development, and enriched in various pathways such as PI3K- Akt, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, and Apoptosis. The tight binding ability of the candidate hub proteins (TNF, VEGFA, and IL6) to Celastrol was predicted by molecular docking [Docking energy: TNF, -6.08; VEGFA,-6.76; IL6,-6.91(kcal/mol)]. In vitro experiments showed that the expression of TNF and VEGFA decreased while the expression of IL6 increased in NPC cells (CNE2 and HONE1) treated with Celastrol. In vivo experiments suggested that Celastrol significantly reduced the weight and volume of the transplanted tumors in tumor-bearing mice in vivo. The expression of TNF, VEGFA, and IL6 in the transplanted tumor cells could be regulated by using Celastrol, and the expression trends were consistent with the in vitro model. Conclusion: Several gene targets have been filtered out as the core targets of Celastrol in the treatment of NPC, which might be involved in a variety of signaling pathways. Hence, Celastrol may exert its anti-NPC activity through multiple targets and multiple pathways, which will provide new clues for further research. Future experiments are warranted to validate the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Ling
- Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaopeng Guo
- Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Aoshuang Chang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jigang Pan
- Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China,*Correspondence: Jigang Pan, ; Xianlu Zhuo,
| | - Xianlu Zhuo
- Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China,*Correspondence: Jigang Pan, ; Xianlu Zhuo,
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Li A, Wu W, Deng S, Yang Q, He J, Wu H, Wang H, Zhang J, Feng Q, Shao J, Zeng Y, Cai M. Expression of Programmed Death Ligand-2 is associated with Prognosis in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Microenviroment. J Cancer 2022; 13:3606-3614. [PMID: 36606190 PMCID: PMC9809305 DOI: 10.7150/jca.77643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although immune checkpoint inhibitors have opened a new mode of treatment for solid tumors, their efficacy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) needs to be further investigated. Inhibitors of the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint are one of the hot topics in tumor immunotherapy. Programmed death ligand-2 (PD-L2) is a less studied ligand of PD-1 and has not yet been fully explored, especially in NPC. Understanding the clinical significance of PD-L2 expression, together with immune cell infiltration, might provide clues for biomarker screening in NPC immunotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate the role of PD-L2 as a prognostic factor for NPC patients as well as its role in immune regulation. Methods: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on a tissue microarray including 557 NPC specimens using PD-L2 antibody. The immune cell markers CD4, FOXP3 and CD68 were also stained and quantified. The expression of PD-L2 exhibited different spatial patterns among NPC tumor and stromal tissues. Results: A total of 90.8% of the cases showed membranous PD-L2 expression in tumors, and 80.8% showed membranous PD-L2 expression in stromal tissue. High stromal expression of PD-L2 predicted favorable overall and disease-free survival of NPC patients and was negatively correlated with tumor size, recurrence or metastasis and clinical stage. In contrast, high tumor abundance of PD-L2 correlated with poor disease-free survival, but had no obvious correlation with clinicopathological parameters. Multivariate analysis indicated that stromal PD-L2 was an independent and favorable prognostic factor. Furthermore, we found a positive correlation between stromal PD-L2 expression and the infiltration of CD68+ macrophages and CD4+Foxp3+ Treg cells in NPC stromal tissues (Pearson correlation=0.181 and 0.098, respectively). Conclusions: Our results suggest that different PD-L2 expression patterns have distinct predictive values. PD-L2 expressed on stromal cells might play a role in the regulation of NPC progression, and involve in immune activation in the tissue microenvironment and have an independent good prognosis for NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aixin Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Weijun Wu
- Department of Radiotherapy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Shengling Deng
- Department of Anesthesia, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Department of Radiotherapy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Junyan He
- Department of Radiotherapy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Haibiao Wu
- Department of Radiotherapy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Haiyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Qisheng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jianyong Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yixin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Manbo Cai
- Department of Radiotherapy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.,✉ Corresponding author: Manbo Cai, No 69. Chuanshan Road, Hengyang Shigu District, Hunan Province, 421001, China. E-mail:
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6
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Zhang Z, Du J, Xu Q, Xing C, Li Y, Zhou S, Zhao Z, Mu Y, Zhao Z(A, Cao S, Li F. Adiponectin Suppresses Metastasis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma through Blocking the Activation of NF-κB and STAT3 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12729. [PMID: 36361525 PMCID: PMC9658954 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipocytokine with anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Our previous study has shown that blood adiponectin levels were inversely correlated to the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and that adiponectin could directly suppress the proliferation of NPC cells. However, the effect of adiponectin on NPC metastasis remains unknown. Here, we revealed in clinical studies that serum adiponectin level was inversely correlated with tumor stage, recurrence, and metastasis in NPC patients, and that low serum adiponectin level also correlates with poor metastasis-free survival. Coculture with recombinant adiponectin suppressed the migration and invasion of NPC cells as well as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In addition, recombinant adiponectin dampened the activation of NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways induced by adipocyte-derived proinflammatory factors such as leptin, IL-6, and TNF-α. Pharmacological activation of adiponectin receptor through its specific agonist, AdipoRon, largely stalled the metastasis of NPC cells. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that adiponectin could not only regulate metabolism and inhibit cancer growth, but also suppress the metastasis of NPC. Pharmacological activation of adiponectin receptor may be a promising therapeutic strategy to stall NPC metastasis and extend patients' survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongmeng Zhang
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jinlin Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Qihua Xu
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chaofeng Xing
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuyu Li
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Sujin Zhou
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhenggang Zhao
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yunping Mu
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zijian (Allan) Zhao
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Sumei Cao
- Department of Cancer Prevention Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Fanghong Li
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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The CBP/β-Catenin Antagonist, ICG-001, Inhibits Tumor Metastasis via Blocking of the miR-134/ITGB1 Axis-Mediated Cell Adhesion in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133125. [PMID: 35804897 PMCID: PMC9264930 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is incurable and remains the main cause of NPC death. Our previous studies found that the CBP/β-catenin Wnt antagonist, IGC-001, could inhibit the primary tumor formation of NPC tumor cells. Here, we further explored the anti-metastatic activity of ICG-001. We started by screening a panel of microRNAs that are related to epithelial–mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell phenotypes; both properties can contribute to tumor metastasis. MicroRNA-134 was found to be consistently upregulated by ICG-001. The role of miR-134 in NPC is largely unknown but some studies found an association between low expression of miR-134 and poor prognosis. We examined the role of miR-134 in NPC with both in vitro and in vivo models and found that miR-134 could inhibit cancer cell adhesion, migration, and invasion. Our study provided a functional explanation for the poor prognosis observed in NPC patients with low or loss of miR-134 expression in their tumors and showed that modulation of the Wnt signaling by ICG-001 could effectively inhibit NPC metastasis via the miR-134/ITGB1 axis. Abstract Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-associated malignancy ranking as the 23rd most common cancer globally, while its incidence rate ranked the 9th in southeast Asia. Tumor metastasis is the dominant cause for treatment failure in NPC and metastatic NPC is yet incurable. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays an important role in many processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and self-renewal of stem cells and cancer stem cells (CSCs). Both the EMT process and CSCs are believed to play a critical role in cancer metastasis. We here investigated whether the specific CBP/β-catenin Wnt antagonist, IGC-001, affects the metastasis of NPC cells. We found that ICG-001 treatment could reduce the adhesion capability of NPC cells to extracellular matrix and to capillary endothelial cells and reduce the tumor cell migration and invasion, events which are closely associated with distant metastasis. Through a screening of EMT and CSC-related microRNAs, it was found that miR-134 was consistently upregulated by ICG-001 treatment in NPC cells. Very few reports have mentioned the functional role of miR-134 in NPC, except that the expression was found to be downregulated in NPC. Transient transfection of miR-134 into NPC cells reduced their cell adhesion, migration, and invasion capability, but did not affect the growth of CSC-enriched tumor spheres. Subsequently, we found that the ICG-001-induced miR-134 expression resulting in downregulation of integrin β1 (ITGB1). Such downregulation reduced cell adhesion and migration capability, as demonstrated by siRNA-mediated knockdown of ITGB1. Direct targeting of ITGB1 by miR-134 was confirmed by the 3′-UTR luciferase assay. Lastly, using an in vivo lung metastasis assay, we showed that ICG-001 transient overexpression of miR-134 or stable overexpression of miR-134 could significantly reduce the lung metastasis of NPC cells. Taken together, we present here evidence that modulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway could inhibit the metastasis of NPC through the miR-134/ITGB1 axis.
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Ghods A, Mehdipour F, Rasolmali R, Talei AR, Ghaderi A. The expression pattern of membranous TNF-α is distinct from its intracellular form in the breast cancer draining lymph nodes. Clin Immunol 2022; 238:109026. [PMID: 35489644 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is mostly known as a soluble cytokine. However, this study focused on its membranous form whose significance is rarely investigated in antitumor immunity. Herein, we assessed the expression of both membranous and intracellular forms of TNF-α (m/icTNF-α) in the lymphocytes derived from breast cancer-draining lymph nodes. CD4+T cells were the main subset expressing mTNF-α with the highest intensity, whereas icTNF-α expression was most intense in CD8+T cells. An inverse correlation was seen between the frequency of mTNF-α and the expression intensity of this cytokine in B cells. In the clinical context, the higher intensity of mTNF-α expression in CD19+ cells correlated with poor prognosticators, while the frequency of mTNF-α+CD19+ cells showed a reverse correlation with the number of involved lymph nodes. The two forms of TNF-α did not show similar associations with cancer parameters, which highlights the complex role of this cytokine in breast cancer immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atri Ghods
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Mehdipour
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Reza Rasolmali
- Department of Pathology, Shiraz Central Hospital, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abdol-Rasoul Talei
- Breast Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Ghaderi
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Sun X, Xue Z, Yasin A, He Y, Chai Y, Li J, Zhang K. Colorectal Cancer and Adjacent Normal Mucosa Differ in Apoptotic and Inflammatory Protein Expression. ENGINEERED REGENERATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.engreg.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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10
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Dharmapradita MW, Suyasa IK, Karna MB, Sumadi IWJ, Giri KGB, Pemayun CKD, Santosa C. High Expression of Parathyroid Hormone-related Protein and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Cancer Cells as Risk Factors for Hypercalcemia in Bone Metastases Lytic Lesions. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.5951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cancer mortality is more commonly due to metastases of the tumor to other organs and the complications that accompany it than the tumor growth itself. Until recently, metastasis has been an insurmountable problem.
AIM: As the most frequent site of metastases, apart from the lungs and liver, tumor metastases to bone are associated with hypercalcemia which is fatal for the affected patient.
METHODS: This study used a case-control study design. The case group consisted of paraffin block samples derived from bone metastatic cancer cell biopsies of patients with hypercalcemic lytic lesions. The control group consisted of paraffin block samples derived from bone metastatic cancer cell biopsies of patients with non-hypercalcemic lytic lesions. Radiological examination was performed to examine the presence of lytic lesions, followed by data collection of serum calcium levels. The data obtained from the histopathological examination was confirmed along with the availability of paraffin blocks of bone metastasis cancer cell biopsy samples, and immunohistochemical analysis was performed to determine the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α _(TNF-α) and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP). A Mann–Whitney test was performed to determine the expression of TNF-α _and PTHrP between hypercalcemia and non-hypercalcemia groups. To identify the cut-off point, Youden index on receiver operating characteristic was used, then the optimal cut-off point was determined where the sensitivity and specificity curves intersect. Analysis of risk factor assessment was done by creating a 2 × 2 cross-tabulations and calculating the association size in the form of odds ratio (OR).
RESULTS: The expression of PTHrP and TNF-α _in the case group was significantly different from the control group with p < 0.05. The cut-off point for PTHrP expression was 267.5 with an area under the curve of 0.93, indicating a high accuracy value. The cut-off point for TNF-α _expression was 227.5 with an area under the curve of 0.68, indicating a moderate accuracy value. The OR between hypercalcemia and non-hypercalcemia to PTHrP expression was 110.3 (Fisher’s exact statistical test obtained p < 0.05), while the OR between hypercalcemia and non-hypercalcemia to TNF-α _expression was 7.27 (Fisher’s exact test statistical obtained p = 0.01).
CONCLUSION: Significant differences in the expression of PTHrP and TNF-α _were found between patients with bone metastases lytic lesions with hypercalcemia compared to those without hypercalcemia. We can conclude that either a high level of PTHrP expression and/or TNF-α _expression in cancer cells can serve as risk factors for hypercalcemia in patients with bone metastatic lytic lesions.
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Gong L, Kwong DLW, Dai W, Wu P, Li S, Yan Q, Zhang Y, Zhang B, Fang X, Liu L, Luo M, Liu B, Chow LKY, Chen Q, Huang J, Lee VHF, Lam KO, Lo AWI, Chen Z, Wang Y, Lee AWM, Guan XY. Comprehensive single-cell sequencing reveals the stromal dynamics and tumor-specific characteristics in the microenvironment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1540. [PMID: 33750785 PMCID: PMC7943808 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21795-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) harbors a heterogeneous and dynamic stromal population. A comprehensive understanding of this tumor-specific ecosystem is necessary to enhance cancer diagnosis, therapeutics, and prognosis. However, recent advances based on bulk RNA sequencing remain insufficient to construct an in-depth landscape of infiltrating stromal cells in NPC. Here we apply single-cell RNA sequencing to 66,627 cells from 14 patients, integrated with clonotype identification on T and B cells. We identify and characterize five major stromal clusters and 36 distinct subpopulations based on genetic profiling. By comparing with the infiltrating cells in the non-malignant microenvironment, we report highly representative features in the TME, including phenotypic abundance, genetic alternations, immune dynamics, clonal expansion, developmental trajectory, and molecular interactions that profoundly influence patient prognosis and therapeutic outcome. The key findings are further independently validated in two single-cell RNA sequencing cohorts and two bulk RNA-sequencing cohorts. In the present study, we reveal the correlation between NPC-specific characteristics and progression-free survival. Together, these data facilitate the understanding of the stromal landscape and immune dynamics in NPC patients and provides deeper insights into the development of prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanqi Gong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dora Lai-Wan Kwong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pingan Wu
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qian Yan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Baifeng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaona Fang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- The AIDS Institute, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Disease, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Min Luo
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Beilei Liu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Larry Ka-Yue Chow
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qingyun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinlin Huang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Victor Ho-Fun Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka-On Lam
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anthony Wing-Ip Lo
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- The AIDS Institute, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Disease, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Anne Wing-Mui Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
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Study on the Drug Targets and Molecular Mechanisms of Rhizoma Curcumae in the Treatment of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Based on Network Pharmacology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:2606402. [PMID: 32595725 PMCID: PMC7301251 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2606402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aim To analyse the target of Rhizoma Curcumae in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by using network pharmacological techniques and to explore the associated molecular mechanism. Methods The targets of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were retrieved from the GeneCards database. At the same time, the drug therapeutic targets of Rhizoma Curcumae were obtained from the TCMSP and SymMap databases. The data were imported into the STRING database and Cytoscape 3.7.1 to construct a network of “Chinese medicine component-target-disease” interactions; then, the intersection was screened as the core Rhizoma Curcumae antinasopharyngeal cancer targets. Through GO target function and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses of the core targets, we predicted the biological processes and key signalling pathways involved in the Rhizoma Curcumae treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Results Twenty-five core targets of Rhizoma Curcumae in nasopharyngeal carcinoma were mined: TP53, BCL2 ICAM1 RXRA, TLR3 and TLR9, TNF, PTGS2, IL-6, CTSD, MMP2, MMP9, MMP14, TIMP2, ABCC1, ABCB1, ABCG2, and so on. The results of visual analysis showed that the Rhizoma Curcumae treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma mainly involves leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cells, positive regulation of NF-κB import into the nucleus, regulation of the reactive oxygen species biosynthetic and metabolic process, regulation of the chemokine biosynthetic and metabolic process, various cancer-related signalling pathways, and a variety of cytokine signal transduction pathways, such as the NF-κB, TLR, IL-17, and TNF signalling pathways. Conclusion The core targets predicted by our research can be used as molecular markers for the treatment and prediction of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The mechanism of Rhizoma Curcumae treatment in NPC may be related to immune regulatory pathways, the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis, as well as the regulation of tumour microenvironment. Combined with the prediction of its associated mechanism of action, the core targets can provide targeted reference value for subsequent drug development related to Curcuma.
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Mi JL, Liu C, Xu M, Wang RS. Network Pharmacology to Uncover the Molecular Mechanisms of Action of LeiGongTeng for the Treatment of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2020; 26:e923431. [PMID: 32448862 PMCID: PMC7268886 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.923431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common head and neck cancer epidemic in southern China and southeast Asia. LeiGongTeng has been widely used for the treatment of cancers. The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacological mechanism of action of LeiGongTeng in the treatment of NPC using a network pharmacological approach. Material/Methods The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology (TCMSP) database was used to identify active ingredients and associated target proteins for LeiGongTeng. Cytoscape was utilized to create a drug-disease network and topology analysis was conducted to analyze the degree of each ingredient. The Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) online tool was applied for the construction and analysis of the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, while Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment and Gene Ontology (GO) functional analyses were utilized to determine drug-disease common genes. Results 22 active ingredients including kaempferol, nobiletin, and beta-sitosterol, and 30 drug-disease common genes including VEGFA, CASP3, ESR1, and RELA were identified. GO analysis indicated that 94 biological processes, including RNA polymerase II, apoptotic process, response to drug, cell adhesion, and response to hypoxia, were found to be associated with NPC. The KEGG enrichment analysis showed that 58 pathways, including the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, microRNAs in cancer, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway and pathways in cancer were found to be associated with NPC. Conclusions LeiGongTeng exerts its therapeutic effect through various biological processes and signaling pathways since it acts on several target genes. Systematic pharmacology can be used to predict the underlying function of LeiGongTeng and its mechanism of action in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Lin Mi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Radiation Oncology Clinical Medical Research Center of Guangxi, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Radiation Oncology Clinical Medical Research Center of Guangxi, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Radiation Oncology Clinical Medical Research Center of Guangxi, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Ren-Sheng Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Radiation Oncology Clinical Medical Research Center of Guangxi, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
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14
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Xu Y, Huang X, Ye W, Zhang Y, Li C, Bai P, Lin Z, Chen C. Comprehensive analysis of key genes associated with ceRNA networks in nasopharyngeal carcinoma based on bioinformatics analysis. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:408. [PMID: 32863767 PMCID: PMC7448472 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01507-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial malignancy with high morbidity rates in the east and southeast Asia. The molecular mechanisms of NPC remain largely unknown. We explored the pathogenesis, potential biomarkers, and prognostic indicators of NPC. METHODS We analyzed mRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs) in the whole transcriptome sequencing dataset of our hospital (five normal tissues vs. five NPC tissues) and six microarray datasets (62 normal tissues vs. 334 NPC tissues) downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GSE12452, GSE13597, GSE95166, GSE126683, and GSE70970, GSE43039). Differential expression analyses, gene ontology (GO) enrichment, kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were conducted. The lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks were constructed using the miRanda and TargetScan database, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was built using Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) software. Hub genes were identified using Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE), NetworkAnalyzer, and CytoHubba. RESULTS We identified 61 mRNAs, 14miRNAs, and 10 lncRNAs as shared DEGs related to NPC in seven datasets. Changes in NPC were enriched in the chromosomal region, sister chromatid segregation, and nuclear chromosome segregation. GSEA indicated that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, phosphatidylinositol-3 OH kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt) pathway, apoptotic pathway, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were involved in the initiation and development of NPC. Finally, 20 hub genes were screened out via the PPI network. CONCLUSIONS Several DEGs and their biological processes, pathways, and interrelations were found in our current study by bioinformatics analyses. Our findings may offer insights into the biological mechanisms underlying NPC and identify potential therapeutic targets for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanji Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital & Fujian Cancer Hospital, No. 420, Fuma Road, Fuzhou, 350014 Fujian People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital & Fujian Cancer Hospital, No. 420, Fuma Road, Fuzhou, 350014 Fujian People’s Republic of China
- Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian People’s Republic of China
| | - Wangzhong Ye
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital & Fujian Cancer Hospital, No. 420, Fuma Road, Fuzhou, 350014 Fujian People’s Republic of China
- Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian People’s Republic of China
| | - Yangfan Zhang
- Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian People’s Republic of China
| | - Changkun Li
- Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian People’s Republic of China
| | - Penggang Bai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital & Fujian Cancer Hospital, No. 420, Fuma Road, Fuzhou, 350014 Fujian People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhizhong Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital & Fujian Cancer Hospital, No. 420, Fuma Road, Fuzhou, 350014 Fujian People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuanben Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital & Fujian Cancer Hospital, No. 420, Fuma Road, Fuzhou, 350014 Fujian People’s Republic of China
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