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Kafka A, Pećina-Šlaus N, Drmić D, Bukovac A, Njirić N, Žarković K, Jakovčević A. SFRP4 protein expression is reduced in high grade astrocytomas which is not caused by the methylation of its promoter. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1398872. [PMID: 38993819 PMCID: PMC11236799 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1398872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Epigenetics play a vital role in stratifying CNS tumors and gliomas. The importance of studying Secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (SFRP4) in gliomas is to improve diffuse glioma methylation profiling. Here we examined the methylation status of SFRP4 promoter and the level of its protein expression in diffuse gliomas WHO grades 2-4. Methods SFRP4 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry and evaluated semi-quantitatively. In the tumor hot-spot area, the intensity of protein expression in 200 cells was determined using ImageJ (National Institutes of Health, United States). The assessment of immunopositivity was based on the IRS score (Immunoreactivity Score). Promoter methylation was examined by methylation specific-PCR (MSP) in fifty-one diffuse glioma samples and appropriate controls. Isolated DNA was treated with bisulfite conversion and afterwards used for MSP. Public databases (cBioPortal, COSMIC and LOVD) were searched to corroborate the results. Results and discussion SFRP4 protein expression in glioblastomas was very weak or non-existent in 86.7% of samples, moderate in 13.3%, while strong expression was not observed. The increase in astrocytoma grade resulted in SFRP4 protein decrease (p = 0.008), indicating the loss of its antagonistic role in Wnt signaling. Promoter methylation of SFRP4 gene was found in 16.3% of cases. Astrocytomas grade 2 had significantly more methylated cases compared to grade 3 astrocytomas (p = 0.004) and glioblastomas (p < 0.001), which may indicate temporal niche of methylation in grade 2. Furthermore, the expression levels of SFRP4 were high in samples with methylated SFRP4 promoter and low or missing in unmethylated cases (Pearson's R = -0.413; p = 0.003). We also investigated the association of SFRP4 changes to key Wnt regulators GSK3β and DKK3 and established a positive correlation between methylations of SFRP4 and GSK3β (Pearson's R = 0.323; p = 0.03). Furthermore, SFRP4 expression was correlated to unmethylated DKK3 (Chi square = 7.254; p = 0.027) indication that Wnt signaling antagonist is associated to negative regulator's demethylation. Conclusion The study contributes to the recognition of the significance of epigenetic changes in diffuse glioma indicating that restoring SFRP4 protein holds potential as therapeutic avenue. Reduced expression of SFRP4 in glioblastomas, not following promoter methylation pattern, suggests another mechanism, possible global methylation, that turns off SFRP4 expression in higher grades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Kafka
- Laboratory of Neuro-oncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nives Pećina-Šlaus
- Laboratory of Neuro-oncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Denis Drmić
- Laboratory of Neuro-oncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anja Bukovac
- Laboratory of Neuro-oncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Niko Njirić
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Center “Zagreb”, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kamelija Žarković
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Division of Pathology, University Hospital Center “Zagreb”, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antonia Jakovčević
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Division of Pathology, University Hospital Center “Zagreb”, Zagreb, Croatia
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Sriharikrishnaa S, John FE, Bairy M, Shetty S, Suresh PS, Kabekkodu SP. A comprehensive review on the functional role of miRNA clusters in cervical cancer. Epigenomics 2024; 16:493-511. [PMID: 38511231 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2023-0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) poses a significant health threat in women globally. MicroRNA clusters (MCs), comprising multiple miRNA-encoding genes, are pivotal in gene regulation. Various factors, including circular RNA and DNA methylation, govern MC expression. Dysregulated MC expression correlates strongly with CC development via promoting the acquisition of cancer hallmarks. Certain MCs show promise for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy selection due to their distinct expression patterns in normal, premalignant and tumor tissues. This review explains the regulation and biological functions of MCs and highlights the clinical relevance of abnormal MC expression in CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinath Sriharikrishnaa
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Femi E John
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Medha Bairy
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Sachin Shetty
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Padmanaban S Suresh
- Department of Bioscience and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - Shama P Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
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Wu EY, Huang LP, Bao JH. miR-96-5p regulates cervical cancer cell resistance to cisplatin by inhibiting lncRNA TRIM52-AS1 and promoting IGF2BP2. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2022; 38:1178-1189. [PMID: 36354205 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) are both regulators of cancer progression. This study sought to discuss the functional mechanism of miR-96-5p/lncRNA TRIM52 antisense RNA 1 (head-to-head; TRIM52-AS1) in cervical cancer (CC) cell resistance to cisplatin (DDP). DDP-resistant CC cell line was established using increasing concentrations of DDP, followed by transfection with miR-96-5p inhibitor, or si-TRIM52-AS1, or insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) overexpression vector. Expression levels of miR-96-5p, TRIM52-AS1, and IGF2BP2 were determined. Changes in IC50 value to DDP, cell proliferation, and apoptosis rate were evaluated by cell-counting kit-8 assay, colony formation, and flow cytometry. The bindings of miR-96-5p to IGF2BP2 and TRIM52-AS1 to IGF2BP2 were verified by dual-luciferase or RNA pull-down assays. These experiments revealed an up-expression of miR-96-5p and IGF2BP2 while an under-expression of TRIM52-AS1 in CC cells. After DDP treatment, miR-96-5p inhibition increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation and DDP resistance. miR-96-5p bound to TRIM52-AS1 and downregulated TRIM52-AS1 expression, and TRIM52-AS1 bound to IGF2BP2 to inhibit IGF2BP2 expression. TRIM52-AS1 inhibition or IGF2BP2 overexpression neutralized the inhibition of silencing miR-96-5p on CC cell resistance to DDP. Overall, miR-96-5p improved CC cell resistance to DDP by inhibiting TRIM52-AS1 and promoting IGF2BP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- En Yuesu Wu
- Department of Gynecology II, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Li-Ping Huang
- Department of Gynecology II, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jin-Hua Bao
- Department of Gynecology II, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China
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Rahimi HR, Mojarrad M, Moghbeli M. MicroRNA-96: A therapeutic and diagnostic tumor marker. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:3-13. [PMID: 35656454 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.59604.13226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer has been always considered as one of the main human health challenges worldwide. One of the main causes of cancer-related mortality is late diagnosis in the advanced stages of the disease, which reduces the therapeutic efficiency. Therefore, novel non-invasive diagnostic methods are required for the early detection of tumors and improving the quality of life and survival in cancer patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have pivotal roles in various cellular processes such as cell proliferation, motility, and neoplastic transformation. Since circulating miRNAs have high stability in body fluids, they can be suggested as efficient noninvasive tumor markers. MiR-96 belongs to the miR-183-96-182 cluster that regulates cell migration and tumor progression as an oncogene or tumor suppressor by targeting various genes in solid tumors. In the present review, we have summarized all of the studies that assessed the role of miR-96 during tumor progression. This review clarifies the molecular mechanisms and target genes recruited by miR-96 to regulate tumor progression and metastasis. It was observed that miR-96 mainly affects tumorigenesis by targeting the structural proteins and FOXO transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Rahimi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Mojarrad
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Qiu K, Song Y, Rao Y, Liu Q, Cheng D, Pang W, Ren J, Zhao Y. Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of MicroRNAs in Metastasis and Recurrence of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:711171. [PMID: 34646767 PMCID: PMC8503605 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.711171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs have been proven to make remarkable differences in the clinical behaviors of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This study aims to systematically analyze whether differential expression levels of microRNAs are related to recurrence or metastasis in patients with HNSCC. A comprehensive search of the PubMed, EMBASE, and CENTRAL was conducted up to July 24th, 2021. Data were collected and combined from studies reporting recurrence-free survival (RFS) of HNSCC patients with high microRNA expression compared to those with low expression. Besides, studies providing necessary data for evaluating the diagnostic value of microRNAs for detecting recurrence and metastasis based on their expression levels were also included and combined. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) value for the outcomes of RFS in 1,093 HNSCC samples from 10 studies was 2.51 (95%CI: 2.13–2.96). A sensitivity of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.72–0.85) and specificity of 0.77 (95%CI: 0.68–0.83) were observed in three studies, of which 93 patients with recurrence and 82 nonrecurrence controls were included, and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.85 (95% CI: 0.81–0.88). Additionally, high diagnostic accuracy of microRNAs in detecting lymph node metastasis (LNM) was also reported. In conclusion, two panels of microRNAs showed the potential to predict recurrence or diagnose recurrence in HNSCC patients, respectively, which could facilitate prognosis prediction and diagnosis of clinical behaviors in HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Qiu
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Song
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yufang Rao
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiurui Liu
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Danni Cheng
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wendu Pang
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianjun Ren
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Medical Big Data Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Liu Z, Cui Y, Wang S, Wu C, Mei F, Han E, Hu Z, Zhou B. MiR-96-5p is an oncogene in lung adenocarcinoma and facilitates tumor progression through ARHGAP6 downregulation. J Appl Genet 2021; 62:631-638. [PMID: 34338998 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-021-00652-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating investigations illustrated that miRNA acts as a key regulator in tumor progression, whereas regulatory role of miR-96-5p in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is warranted. Thus, we sought to probe mechanism of miR-96-5p in this disease. Through bioinformatics analysis, miR-96-5p level in normal tissue and LUAD tissue in TCGA database were obtained. Meanwhile, mRNA expression dataset was analyzed to obtain downregulated mRNAs binding to miR-96-5p. qRT-PCR assessed miR-96-5p and ARHGAP6 mRNA in LUAD. Western blot assessed protein level of ARHGAP6 in LUAD. Dual-luciferase reporter gene detection verified targeting relationship of miR-96-5p and ARHGAP6. Biological functional experiments such as CCK-8, colony formation, scratch healing, and Transwell assessed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. MiR-96-5p was overexpressed, which fostered LUAD cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. ARHGAP6 was downregulated in LUAD and targeted by miR-96-5p. ARHGAP6 upregulation prominently restored promotion of miR-96-5p on cell progression. MiR-96-5p could stimulate LUAD progression through targeting ARHGAP6. This study generates a novel direction and lays a theoretical basis for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), NO. 158 Shangtang Road, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong Cui
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), NO. 158 Shangtang Road, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuwei Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), NO. 158 Shangtang Road, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Changhao Wu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), NO. 158 Shangtang Road, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fuyang Mei
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), NO. 158 Shangtang Road, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Erlei Han
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), NO. 158 Shangtang Road, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), NO. 158 Shangtang Road, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), NO. 158 Shangtang Road, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China.
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Dong W, Zhao L, Zhang S, Zhang S, Si H. Circ-KIAA0907 inhibits the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma by regulating the miR-96-5p/UNC13C axis. World J Surg Oncol 2021; 19:75. [PMID: 33715625 PMCID: PMC7962272 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-021-02184-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circular RNA (circRNA) plays an important role in regulating cell biological function and has been shown to be involved in cancer progression, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Circ-KIAA0907 has been found to play an anti-cancer role in OSCC, so it is worth exploring more functions and new mechanisms of circ-KIAA0907 in OSCC progression. Methods Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of circ-KIAA0907, microRNA (miR)-96-5p, and unc-13 homolog C (UNC13C). Transwell assay, flow cytometry, and colony formation assay were employed to measure the migration, invasion, apoptosis, and radiosensitivity of cells. Besides, glucose uptake, lactate production, and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) were determined to evaluate the glycolysis ability of cells. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and RIP assay were performed to confirm the interactions among circ-KIAA0907, miR-96-5p, and UNC13C. And RNA pull-down assay was used to verify the binding degree of miR-96-5p to its targets. Moreover, UNC13C protein level was examined using western blot (WB) analysis. OSCC xenograft models were constructed to perform in vivo experiments. Results Circ-KIAA0907 was a stability circRNA with lowly expression in OSCC. Overexpressed circ-KIAA0907 could inhibit migration, invasion, and glycolysis, while promoting apoptosis and radiosensitivity in OSCC cells. In the terms of mechanism, circ-KIAA0907 could sponge miR-96-5p to regulate UNC13C expression. MiR-96-5p overexpression could reverse the inhibitory effect of circ-KIAA0907 on OSCC progression, and UNC13C knockdown also could overturn the suppressive effect of miR-96-5p inhibitor on OSCC progression. Animal experiments revealed that circ-KIAA0907 could reduce the tumor growth of OSCC by regulating the miR-96-5p/UNC13C axis. Conclusion Our study suggests that circ-KIAA0907 restrains OSCC progression via the miR-96-5p/UNC13C axis, indicating that it may be a potential target for OSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Dong
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical College, No. 15, Dongxiaoyun Street, Aimin District, Mudanjiang, 157000, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical College, No. 15, Dongxiaoyun Street, Aimin District, Mudanjiang, 157000, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Shiyang Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical College, No. 15, Dongxiaoyun Street, Aimin District, Mudanjiang, 157000, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Shijie Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, 157000, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Hongyun Si
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical College, No. 15, Dongxiaoyun Street, Aimin District, Mudanjiang, 157000, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Dudea-Simon M, Mihu D, Irimie A, Cojocneanu R, Korban SS, Oprean R, Braicu C, Berindan-Neagoe I. Identification of Core Genes Involved in the Progression of Cervical Cancer Using an Integrative mRNA Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197323. [PMID: 33023042 PMCID: PMC7583959 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In spite of being a preventable disease, cervical cancer (CC) remains at high incidence, and it has a significant mortality rate. Although hijacking of the host cellular pathway is fundamental for developing a better understanding of the human papillomavirus (HPV) pathogenesis, a major obstacle is identifying the central molecular targets involved in HPV-driven CC. The aim of this study is to investigate transcriptomic patterns of HPV-infected and normal tissues to identify novel prognostic markers. Analyses of functional enrichment and interaction networks reveal that altered genes are mainly involved in cell cycle, DNA damage, and regulated cell-to-cell signaling. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data has suggested that patients with unfavorable prognostics are more likely to have DNA repair defects attributed, in most cases, to the presence of HPV. However, further studies are needed to fully unravel the molecular mechanisms of such genes involved in CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Dudea-Simon
- 2nd Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.D.-S.); (D.M.)
| | - Dan Mihu
- 2nd Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.D.-S.); (D.M.)
| | - Alexandru Irimie
- Department of Surgery, “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta” Oncology Institute, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gynecological Oncology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Roxana Cojocneanu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.C.); (I.B.-N.)
| | - Schuyler S. Korban
- Department of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
| | - Radu Oprean
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4, Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.C.); (I.B.-N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.C.); (I.B.-N.)
- Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuţă” Oncology Institute, 34-36 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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