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Zhang R, Dai J, Yao F, Zhou S, Huang W, Xu J, Yu K, Chen Y, Fan B, Zhang L, Xu J, Li Q. Hypomethylation-enhanced CRTC2 expression drives malignant phenotypes and primary resistance to immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. iScience 2024; 27:109821. [PMID: 38770131 PMCID: PMC11103543 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB)-regulated transcription coactivator 2 (CRTC2) is a crucial regulator of hepatic lipid metabolism and gluconeogenesis and correlates with tumorigenesis. However, the mechanism through which CRTC2 regulates hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression is largely unknown. Here, we found that increased CRTC2 expression predicted advanced tumor grade and stage, as well as worse prognosis in patients with HCC. DNA promoter hypomethylation led to higher CRTC2 expression in HCC. Functionally, CRTC2 contributed to HCC malignant phenotypes through the activated Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which could be abrogated by the small-molecular inhibitor XAV-939. Moreover, Crtc2 facilitated tumor growth while concurrently downregulating the PD-L1/PD-1 axis, resulting in primary resistance to immunotherapy. In immunocompetent mice models of HCC, targeting Crtc2 in combination with anti-PD-1 therapy prominently suppressed tumor growth by synergistically enhancing responsiveness to immunotherapy. Collectively, targeting CRTC2 might be a promising therapeutic strategy to sensitize immunotherapy in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhi Zhang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Cancers, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210000, China
| | - Jingjing Dai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210000, China
| | - Feifan Yao
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Cancers, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210000, China
| | - Suiqing Zhou
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Cancers, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210000, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The Friendship Hospital of Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Ili & Jiangsu Joint Institute of Health, Ili 835000, China
| | - Jiali Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210000, China
| | - Kai Yu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Cancers, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210000, China
| | - Yining Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210000, China
| | - Boqiang Fan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210000, China
| | - Liren Zhang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Cancers, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210000, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210000, China
| | - Qing Li
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Cancers, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210000, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210000, China
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Ou C, Peng C, Wang Y, Lu S, Yu X, He Q, He A, Zhang L. CRTC2 promotes paclitaxel resistance by inducing autophagy in ovarian cancer in part via the PI3K-AKT signaling axis. J Cancer 2023; 14:1011-1023. [PMID: 37151390 PMCID: PMC10158520 DOI: 10.7150/jca.82233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Ovarian cancer is the most malignant gynecological disease, which seriously threatens female physical and mental health. Paclitaxel is a first-line chemotherapy drug in the clinical treatment of ovarian cancer, but drug resistance has become an important factor affecting the survival of ovarian cancer patients. However, the main mechanism of chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed the Integrated Gene Expression Database (GEO) dataset using comprehensive bioinformatics tools to provide new therapeutic strategies and search for prognostic targets for ovarian cancer. Methods: Ovarian cancer related genes were extracted from GSE18520 by bioinformatics method. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained by differential analysis, and related genes and functions were elucidated. The key gene CRTC2 was identified by prognostic analysis. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of CRTC2 in chemotherapy-resistant and chemotherapy-sensitive ovarian cancer tissues. Functional analysis (cell assay) confirmed the role of CRTC2 in paclitaxel resistance. Autophagy related proteins were detected by Western blot. Autophagy flux analysis was performed using the GFP/RFP-LC3 adenovirus reporter. Results: A total of 3,852 DEGs were identified in the GEO microarray dataset. Key genes were screened by prognostic analysis. We found that CRTC2 was highly expressed in chemoresistant tissues of ovarian cancer. In 110 patients with ovarian cancer, high expression of CRTC2 was associated with poorer prognostic factors and shorter survival. At the same time, we found that CRTC2 can promote the proliferation and invasion ability of ovarian cancer cells. In addition, CRTC2 can affect the expression of PI3K, AKT, autophagic flux and sensitivity to paclitaxel chemotherapy in ovarian cancer. Conclusion: CRTC2 can affect autophagy partially through PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, and then affect the sensitivity of ovarian cancer to paclitaxel chemotherapy. CRTC2 may be a potential predictor or target for ovarian cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Ou
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Nantong Tumor Hospital, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chen Peng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yilang Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shiyu Lu
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Nantong Tumor Hospital, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xinli Yu
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Nantong Tumor Hospital, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qian He
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Nantong Tumor Hospital, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Aiqin He
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Nantong Tumor Hospital, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Li Zhang. E-mail: . Aiqin He. E-mail:
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cancer Research Center, Nantong Tumor Hospital, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Li Zhang. E-mail: . Aiqin He. E-mail:
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Carper MB, Goel S, Zhang AM, Damrauer JS, Cohen S, Zimmerman MP, Gentile GM, Parag-Sharma K, Murphy RM, Sato K, Nickel KP, Kimple RJ, Yarbrough WG, Amelio AL. Activation of the CREB Coactivator CRTC2 by Aberrant Mitogen Signaling promotes oncogenic functions in HPV16 positive head and neck cancer. Neoplasia 2022; 29:100799. [PMID: 35504112 PMCID: PMC9065880 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2022.100799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the 6th most common cancer worldwide and incidence rates are continuing to rise globally. Patients often present with locally advanced disease and a staggering 50% chance of relapse following treatment. Aberrant activation of adaptive response signaling pathways, such as the cAMP/PKA pathway, induce an array of genes associated with known cancer pathways that promote tumorigenesis and drug resistance. We identified the cAMP Regulated Transcription Coactivator 2 (CRTC2) to be overexpressed and constitutively activated in HNSCCs and this confers poor prognosis. CRTCs are regulated through their subcellular localization and we show that CRTC2 is exclusively nuclear in HPV(+) HNSCC, thus constitutively active, due to non-canonical Mitogen-Activated Kinase Kinase 1 (MEKK1)-mediated activation via a MEKK1-p38 signaling axis. Loss-of-function and pharmacologic inhibition experiments decreased CRTC2/CREB transcriptional activity by reducing nuclear CRTC2 via nuclear import inhibition and/or by eviction of CRTC2 from the nucleus. This shift in localization was associated with decreased proliferation, migration, and invasion. Our results suggest that small molecules that inhibit nuclear CRTC2 and p38 activity may provide therapeutic benefit to patients with HPV(+) HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda B Carper
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Saumya Goel
- Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Carolina Research Scholar, Undergraduate Curriculum in Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anna M Zhang
- Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Damrauer
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stephanie Cohen
- Pathology Services Core, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Matthew P Zimmerman
- Graduate Curriculum in Genetics & Molecular Biology, Biological & Biomedical Sciences Program, UNC School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gabrielle M Gentile
- Graduate Curriculum in Genetics & Molecular Biology, Biological & Biomedical Sciences Program, UNC School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kshitij Parag-Sharma
- Graduate Curriculum in Cell Biology & Physiology, Biological & Biomedical Sciences Program, UNC School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ryan M Murphy
- Graduate Curriculum in Pharmacology, Biological & Biomedical Sciences Program, UNC School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kotaro Sato
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kwangok P Nickel
- Department of Human Oncology and UW Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Randall J Kimple
- Department of Human Oncology and UW Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Wendell G Yarbrough
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Pathology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Antonio L Amelio
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Biomedical Research Imaging Center, UNC School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Cell Biology Program, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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