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Guo QQ, Ma SZ, Zhao DY, Beeraka NM, Gu H, Zheng YF, Zhao RW, Li ST, Nikolenko VN, Bulygin KV, Basappa B, Fan RT, Liu JQ. Association of Definitive Radiotherapy for Esophageal Cancer and the Incidence of Secondary Head and Neck Cancers: A SEER Population-Based Study. World J Oncol 2024; 15:598-611. [PMID: 38993244 PMCID: PMC11236375 DOI: 10.14740/wjon1834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Impact of radiotherapy (RT) for esophageal cancer (EC) patients on the development of secondary head and neck cancer (SHNC) remains equivocal. The objective of this study was to investigate the link between definitive RT used for EC treatment and subsequent SHNC. Methods This study was conducted using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to collect the data of primary EC patients. Fine-Gray competing risk regression and standardized incidence ratio (SIR) and propensity score matching (PSM) method were used to match SHNC patients with only primary head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. Overall survival (OS) rates were applied by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results In total, 14,158 EC patients from the SEER database were included, of which 9,239 patients (65.3%) received RT and 4,919 patients (34.7%) received no radiation therapy (NRT). After a 12-month latency period, 110 patients (1.2%) in the RT group and 36 patients (0.7%) in the NRT group experienced the development of SHNC. In individuals with primary EC, there was an increased incidence of SHNC compared to the general US population (SIR = 5.95, 95% confidence interval (CI): 5.15 - 6.84). Specifically, the SIR for SHNC was 8.04 (95% CI: 6.78 - 9.47) in the RT group and 3.51 (95% CI: 2.64 - 4.58) in the NRT group. Patients who developed SHNC after RT exhibited significantly lower OS compared to those after NRT. Following PSM, the OS of patients who developed SHNC after RT remained significantly lower than that of matched patients with only primary HNC. Conclusion An association was discovered between RT for EC and increased long-term risk of SHNC. This work enables radiation oncologists to implement mitigation strategies to reduce the long-term risk of SHNC in patients who have received RT following primary EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Qian Guo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China
| | - Shi Zhou Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China
- These authors contributed equally to this article
| | - De Yao Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China
- These authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Narasimha M. Beeraka
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER), Anantapuramu, Chiyyedu, Andhra Pradesh 515721, India
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Hao Gu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China
| | - Yu Fei Zheng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China
| | - Rui Wen Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China
| | - Si Ting Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China
| | - Vladimir N. Nikolenko
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Kirill V. Bulygin
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Basappa Basappa
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka 570006, India
| | - Rui Tai Fan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China
- College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jun Qi Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China
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Anlotinib Inhibits Tumor Angiogenesis and Promotes the Anticancer Effect of Radiotherapy on Esophageal Cancer through Inhibiting EphA2. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:5632744. [PMID: 36090890 PMCID: PMC9452983 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5632744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Anlotinib is a novel multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor for tumor angiogenesis and has antitumor activity in a variety of solid tumors. Given that, our study was designed to unearth the mechanism of anlotinib in radioresistant esophageal cancer (EC) cells. Methods Radioresistant EC cell lines TE-1R and KYSE-150R were established by multiple fractionated irradiation. Detection of cell proliferation was governed by the MTT assay, angiogenesis by the tube formation assay, and cell migration and invasion by the transwell assay. Lastly, RT-qPCR Western blotting was employed to detect the expression of related genes. Cancerous cells showing tumor growth were then detected by tumor xenografts in mice. Results Radioresistant EC cell lines TE-1R and KYSE-150R were successfully established. Anlotinib downregulated EphA2 inhibited proliferation, angiogenesis, migration, and invasion of radioresistant EC cells in vitro. The up-regulated expression of EphA2 in both EC cell lines and radioresistant EC cells, along with anlotinib, in turn, inhibited the expression of EphA2 in radioresistant EC cells. Inhibiting EphA2 also enhanced anlotinib-mediated effects on radioresistant EC cells, so as to restrain cell proliferation, angiogenesis, migration, and invasion. Correspondingly, overexpression of EphA2 is capable of reversing the therapeutic effect of anlotinib on radioresistant EC cells. Also, anlotinib enhances the inhibitory effect of irradiation on mice. Conclusion It is concluded that anlotinib inhibits EphA2 expression, thereby suppressing angiogenesis and resensitizing EC cells to radiotherapy, providing another perspective to overcome radioresistance in EC.
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