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Fan L, Jiang Z, Xiong Y, Xu Z, Yang X, Gu D, Ainiwaer M, Li L, Liu J, Chen F. Recent Advances in the HPPH-Based Third-Generation Photodynamic Agents in Biomedical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17404. [PMID: 38139233 PMCID: PMC10743769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy has emerged as a recognized anti-tumor treatment involving three fundamental elements: photosensitizers, light, and reactive oxygen species. Enhancing the effectiveness of photosensitizers remains the primary avenue for improving the biological therapeutic outcomes of PDT. Through three generations of development, HPPH is a 2-(1-hexyloxyethyl)-2-devinyl derivative of pyropheophorbide-α, representing a second-generation photosensitizer already undergoing clinical trials for various tumors. The evolution toward third-generation photosensitizers based on HPPH involves structural modifications for multimodal applications and the combination of multifunctional compounds, leading to improved imaging localization and superior anti-tumor effects. While research into third-generation HPPH is beneficial for advancing PDT treatment, equal attention should also be directed toward the other two essential elements and personalized diagnosis and treatment methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiao Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (L.F.); (Z.J.); (Y.X.); (X.Y.); (D.G.); (M.A.); (L.L.)
- Head and Neck Surgical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (L.F.); (Z.J.); (Y.X.); (X.Y.); (D.G.); (M.A.); (L.L.)
- Head and Neck Surgical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yu Xiong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (L.F.); (Z.J.); (Y.X.); (X.Y.); (D.G.); (M.A.); (L.L.)
- Head and Neck Surgical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Zepeng Xu
- West China Clinical Medical College, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China;
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (L.F.); (Z.J.); (Y.X.); (X.Y.); (D.G.); (M.A.); (L.L.)
- Head and Neck Surgical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Deying Gu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (L.F.); (Z.J.); (Y.X.); (X.Y.); (D.G.); (M.A.); (L.L.)
- Head and Neck Surgical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Mailudan Ainiwaer
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (L.F.); (Z.J.); (Y.X.); (X.Y.); (D.G.); (M.A.); (L.L.)
- Head and Neck Surgical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Leyu Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (L.F.); (Z.J.); (Y.X.); (X.Y.); (D.G.); (M.A.); (L.L.)
- Head and Neck Surgical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (L.F.); (Z.J.); (Y.X.); (X.Y.); (D.G.); (M.A.); (L.L.)
- Head and Neck Surgical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (L.F.); (Z.J.); (Y.X.); (X.Y.); (D.G.); (M.A.); (L.L.)
- Head and Neck Surgical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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Cheruku RR, Turowski SG, Durrani FA, Tabaczynski WA, Cacaccio J, Missert JR, Curtin L, Sexton S, Alberico R, Hendler CM, Spernyak JA, Grossman Z, Pandey RK. Tumor-Avid 3-(1'-Hexyloxy)ethyl-3-devinylpyrpyropheophorbide-a (HPPH)-3Gd(III)tetraxetan (DOTA) Conjugate Defines Primary Tumors and Metastases. J Med Chem 2022; 65:9267-9280. [PMID: 35763292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
3-(1'-Hexyloxyethyl)-3-devinylpyropheophorbide-a (HPPH or Photochlor), a tumor-avid chlorophyll a derivative currently undergoing human clinical trials, was conjugated with mono-, di-, and tri-Gd(III)tetraxetan (DOTA) moieties. The T1/T2 relaxivity and in vitro PDT efficacy of these conjugates were determined. The tumor specificity of the most promising conjugate was also investigated at various time points in mice and rats bearing colon tumors, as well as rabbits bearing widespread metastases from VX2 systemic arterial disseminated metastases. All the conjugates showed significant T1 and T2 relaxivities. However, the conjugate containing 3-Gd(III)-aminoethylamido-DOTA at position 17 of HPPH demonstrated great potential for tumor imaging by both MR and fluorescence while maintaining its PDT efficacy. At an MR imaging dose (10 μmol/kg), HPPH-3Gd(III)DOTA did not cause any significant organ toxicity in mice, indicating its potential as a cancer imaging (MR and fluorescence) agent with an option to treat cancer by photodynamic therapy (PDT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra R Cheruku
- Photodynamic Therapy Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Steven G Turowski
- Translational Imaging Shared Resource, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Farukh A Durrani
- Photodynamic Therapy Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Walter A Tabaczynski
- Photodynamic Therapy Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Joseph Cacaccio
- Photodynamic Therapy Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Joseph R Missert
- Photodynamic Therapy Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Leslie Curtin
- Department of Laboratory Animal Resources (DLAR), Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Sandra Sexton
- Department of Laboratory Animal Resources (DLAR), Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Ronald Alberico
- Department of Radiology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Craig M Hendler
- Department of Radiology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Joseph A Spernyak
- Translational Imaging Shared Resource, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Zachary Grossman
- Department of Radiology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Ravindra K Pandey
- Photodynamic Therapy Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
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Shi C, Zhou Z, Lin H, Gao J. Imaging Beyond Seeing: Early Prognosis of Cancer Treatment. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2001025. [PMID: 34927817 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202001025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Assessing cancer response to therapeutic interventions has been realized as an important course to early predict curative efficacy and treatment outcomes due to tumor heterogeneity. Compared to the traditional invasive tissue biopsy method, molecular imaging techniques have fundamentally revolutionized the ability to evaluate cancer response in a spatiotemporal manner. The past few years has witnessed a paradigm shift on the efforts from manufacturing functional molecular imaging probes for seeing a tumor to a vantage stage of interpreting the tumor response during different treatments. This review is to stand by the current development of advanced imaging technologies aiming to predict the treatment response in cancer therapy. Special interest is placed on the systems that are able to provide rapid and noninvasive assessment of pharmacokinetic drug fates (e.g., drug distribution, release, and activation) and tumor microenvironment heterogeneity (e.g., tumor cells, macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), T cells, and inflammatory cells). The current status, practical significance, and future challenges of the emerging artificial intelligence (AI) technology and machine learning in the applications of medical imaging fields is overviewed. Ultimately, the authors hope that this review is timely to spur research interest in molecular imaging and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changrong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Zijian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Hongyu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jinhao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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Zhang Y, Wang M, Liu W, Peng X. Optical Imaging of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells in Xenograft Athymic Mice Using an ICAM-1-Targeting Small-Molecule Probe. Mol Imaging Biol 2020; 21:835-841. [PMID: 30623283 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-01312-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The development of early, accurate diagnostic strategies for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains a significant challenge. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) overexpressed in human TNBC cells is a potential molecular target and biomarker for diagnosis. In this study, small-molecule probe (denoted as γ3-Cy5.5) constructed with a short 17-mer linear peptide (γ3) and near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) dye cyanine 5.5 (Cy5.5) was used to detect the expression of ICAM-1 in vitro and in vivo, and to diagnose TNBC via NIRF imaging. PROCEDURES Western blotting and flow cytometric analysis were used for the detection of ICAM-1 expression in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. The cytotoxicity of the small-molecule probe γ3-Cy5.5 was detected using the CCK8 assay. The in vitro targeting of the small-molecule probe γ3-Cy5.5 was verified via flow cytometry and a laser scanning confocal microscope. Finally, the targeting of small-molecule probe in vivo and ex vivo was observed by NIRF imaging. RESULTS Western blotting and flow cytometry demonstrate that ICAM-1 was highly expressed in the MDA-MB-231 TNBC cell line. Laser confocal microscopy and flow cytometry results show that TNBC cells have an increased cellular uptake of γ3-Cy5.5 compared to the control probe γ3S-Cy5.5. With in vivo NIRF, a significantly higher Cy5.5 signal appeared in the tumors of mice administered γ3-Cy5.5 than those treated with γ3S-Cy5.5. The target-to-background ratio observed on the NIRF images was significantly higher in the γ3-Cy5.5 group (10.2, 13.6) compared with the γ3S-Cy5.5 group (4.4, 4.0) at 1 and 2 h, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of the use of ICAM-1-specific small-molecule probe for in vivo NIRF optical imaging of TNBC. This method provides a noninvasive and specific strategy for the early diagnosis of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengru Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanhua Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin Peng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
The spatiotemporal determination of molecular events and cells is important for understanding disease processes, especially in oncology, and thus for the development of novel treatments. Equally important is the knowledge of the biodistribution, localization, and targeted accumulation of novel therapies as well as monitoring of tumor growth and therapeutic response. Optical imaging provides an ideal versatile platform for imaging of all these problems and questions.
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Kalyane D, Raval N, Maheshwari R, Tambe V, Kalia K, Tekade RK. Employment of enhanced permeability and retention effect (EPR): Nanoparticle-based precision tools for targeting of therapeutic and diagnostic agent in cancer. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 98:1252-1276. [PMID: 30813007 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 474] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In tumorous tissues, the absence of vasculature supportive tissues intimates the formation of leaky vessels and pores (100 nm to 2 μm in diameter) and the poor lymphatic system offers great opportunity to treat cancer and the phenomenon is known as Enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. The trends in treating cancer by making use of EPR effect is increasing day by day and generate multitudes of possibility to design novel anticancer therapeutics. This review aimed to present various factors affecting the EPR effect along with important things to know about EPR effect such as tumor perfusion, lymphatic function, interstitial penetration, vascular permeability, nanoparticle retention etc. This manuscript expounds the current advances and cross-talks the developments made in the of EPR effect-based therapeutics in cancer therapy along with a transactional view of its current clinical and industrial aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dnyaneshwar Kalyane
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Palaj, Opposite Air Force Station, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Nidhi Raval
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Palaj, Opposite Air Force Station, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Rahul Maheshwari
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Palaj, Opposite Air Force Station, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Vishakha Tambe
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Palaj, Opposite Air Force Station, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Kiran Kalia
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Palaj, Opposite Air Force Station, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Rakesh K Tekade
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Palaj, Opposite Air Force Station, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India.
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Shakhova M, Loginova D, Meller A, Sapunov D, Orlinskaya N, Shakhov A, Khilov A, Kirillin M. Photodynamic therapy with chlorin-based photosensitizer at 405 nm: numerical, morphological, and clinical study. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 23:1-9. [PMID: 29956507 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.9.091412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Employment of chlorin-based photosensitizers (PSs) provides additional advantages to photodynamic therapy (PDT) due to absorption peak around 405 nm allowing for superficial impact and efficient antimicrobial therapy. We report on the morphological and clinical study of the efficiency of PDT at 405 nm employing chlorin-based PS. Numerical studies demonstrated difference in the distribution of absorbed dose at 405 nm in comparison with traditionally employed wavelength of 660 nm and difference in the in-depth absorbed dose distribution for skin and mucous tissues. Morphological study was performed at the inner surface of rabbit ear with histological examinations at different periods after PDT procedure. Animal study revealed tissue reaction to PDT consisting in edema manifested most in 3 days after the procedure and neoangiogenesis. OCT diagnostics was confirmed by histological examination. Clinical study included antimicrobial PDT of pharynx chronic inflammatory diseases. It revealed no side effects or complications of the PDT procedure. Pharyngoscopy indicated reduction of inflammatory manifestations, and, in particular cases, hypervascularization was observed. Morphological changes were also detected in the course of monitoring, which are in agreement with pharyngoscopy results. Microbiologic study after PDT revealed no pathogenic bacteria; however, in particular cases, saprophytic flora was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Shakhova
- Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Daria Loginova
- Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Advanced School of General and Applied Physics, Russia
| | - Alina Meller
- Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Dmitry Sapunov
- Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Natalia Orlinskaya
- Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Andrey Shakhov
- Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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Ardeshirpour Y, Sackett DL, Knutson JR, Gandjbakhche AH. Using in vivo fluorescence lifetime imaging to detect HER2-positive tumors. EJNMMI Res 2018; 8:26. [PMID: 29619584 PMCID: PMC5884746 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-018-0384-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Assessment of the status of tumor biomarkers in individual patients would facilitate personalizing treatment strategy, and continuous monitoring of those biomarkers and their binding process to the therapeutic drugs would provide a means for early evaluation of the efficacy of therapeutic intervention. Fluorescent probes can accumulate inside the tumor region due to the leakiness of its vascularization and this can make it difficult to distinguish if the measured fluorescence intensity is from probes bound to target receptors or just accumulated unbound probes inside the tumor. In this paper, we have studied the fluorescence lifetime as a means to distinguish bound HER2 specific affibody probes to HER2 receptors. Our imaging system is a time-resolved fluorescence system using a Ti-Sapphire femtosecond pulse laser as source and Time correlated Single photon Counting (TCSPC) system as detector for calculating the lifetime of the contrast agent. HER2-specific Affibody (His6-ZHER2:GS-Cys) (Affibody, Stockholm, Sweden) conjugated with a Dylight750 fluorescent probe (Thermo-Fisher-Scientific, Waltham, Massachusetts) was used as contrast agent and six human cancer cell lines, BT-474, SKOV-3, NCI-N87, MDA-MB-361, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-468, known to express different levels of HER2/neu, are used in athymic mice xenografts. Results By comparing the lifetime of unbound contrast agent (at the contralateral site) to the fluorescence lifetime at the tumor site, our results show that the fluorescence lifetime decreases as HER2 specific Affibody probes bind to the tumor receptors. A decrease of ~15% (100ps) in tumor fluorescence lifetime was observed in tumors with mid to high HER2 expression. Smaller decreases were observed in tumors with low-level of HER2 receptors and no change was observed in the non-HER2-expressing tumors. Conclusions Using HER2-specific Affibody conjugated with the Dylight750 fluorescent probe as contrast agent, we demonstrated in live animals that change in fluorescence lifetime of the bound contrast agent can be used to assess the high to mid-level expression of HER2 expressing tumors in-vivo in only one measurement. The rationale is that the fluorescence lifetime of our specific probe is sensitive to affinity to, and specific interaction with, other molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Ardeshirpour
- Section on Analytical and Functional Biophotonics, NICHD, NIH, Building 49, Room 5A82, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Dan L Sackett
- Division of Basic and Translational Biophysics, NICHD, NIH, Building 9, Room 1E129, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jay R Knutson
- Laboratory of Advanced Microscopy and Biophotonics, NHLBI, Building 10, Room 5D14, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Amir H Gandjbakhche
- Section on Analytical and Functional Biophotonics, NICHD, NIH, Building 49, Room 5A82, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Holler S, Haig B, Donovan MJ, Sobrero M, Miles BA. A monolithic microsphere-fiber probe for spatially resolved Raman spectroscopy: Application to head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:034301. [PMID: 29604745 DOI: 10.1063/1.5011771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The ability to identify precise cancer margins in vivo during a surgical excision is critical to the well-being of the patient. Decreased operative time has been linked to shorter patient recovery time, and there are risks associated with removing either too much or too little tissue from the surgical site. The more rapidly and accurately a surgeon can identify and excise diseased tissue, the better the prognosis for the patient. To this end, we investigate both malignant and healthy oral cavity tissue using the Raman spectroscopy, with a monolithic microsphere-fiber probe. Our results indicate that this probe has decreased the size of the analyzed area by more than an order of magnitude, as compared to a conventional fiber reflection probe. Scanning the probe across the tissues reveals variations in the Raman spectra that enable us to differentiate between malignant and healthy tissues. Consequently, we anticipate that the high spatial resolution afforded by the probe will permit us to identify tumor margins in detail, thereby optimizing tissue removal and improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Holler
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Fordham University, 441 E. Fordham Road, Bronx, New York 10458, USA
| | - B Haig
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Fordham University, 441 E. Fordham Road, Bronx, New York 10458, USA
| | - M J Donovan
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - M Sobrero
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - B A Miles
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, USA
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Holler S, Mansley E, Mazzeo C, Donovan MJ, Sobrero M, Miles BA. Raman Spectroscopy of Head and Neck Cancer: Separation of Malignant and Healthy Tissue Using Signatures Outside the "Fingerprint" Region. BIOSENSORS 2017; 7:E20. [PMID: 28505107 PMCID: PMC5487965 DOI: 10.3390/bios7020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The ability to rapidly and accurately discriminate between healthy and malignant tissue offers surgeons a tool for in vivo analysis that would potentially reduce operating time, facilitate quicker recovery, and improve patient outcomes. To this end, we investigate discrimination between diseased tissue and adjacent healthy controls from patients with head and neck cancer using near-infrared Raman spectroscopy. Our results indicate previously unreported peaks in the Raman spectra that lie outside the conventional "fingerprint" region (400 cm-1-1800 cm -1) played an important role in our analysis and in discriminating between the tissue classes. Preliminary multivariate statistical analyses of the Raman spectra indicate that discrimination between diseased and healthy tissue is possible based on these peaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Holler
- Department of Physics & Engineering Physics, Fordham University, 441 East Fordham Road, Bronx, NY 10458, USA.
| | - Elaina Mansley
- Department of Physics & Engineering Physics, Fordham University, 441 East Fordham Road, Bronx, NY 10458, USA.
| | - Christopher Mazzeo
- Department of Physics & Engineering Physics, Fordham University, 441 East Fordham Road, Bronx, NY 10458, USA.
| | - Michael J Donovan
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Maximiliano Sobrero
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Brett A Miles
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Kim EJ, Lee H, Yeom A, Hong KS. In vivo fluorescence imaging to assess early therapeutic response to tumor progression in a xenograft cancer model. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-016-0251-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Lin CW, Bachilo SM, Vu M, Beckingham KM, Bruce Weisman R. Spectral triangulation: a 3D method for locating single-walled carbon nanotubes in vivo. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:10348-57. [PMID: 27140495 PMCID: PMC4902160 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr01376g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials with luminescence in the short-wave infrared (SWIR) region are of special interest for biological research and medical diagnostics because of favorable tissue transparency and low autofluorescence backgrounds in that region. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) show well-known sharp SWIR spectral signatures and therefore have potential for noninvasive detection and imaging of cancer tumours, when linked to selective targeting agents such as antibodies. However, such applications face the challenge of sensitively detecting and localizing the source of SWIR emission from inside tissues. A new method, called spectral triangulation, is presented for three dimensional (3D) localization using sparse optical measurements made at the specimen surface. Structurally unsorted SWCNT samples emitting over a range of wavelengths are excited inside tissue phantoms by an LED matrix. The resulting SWIR emission is sampled at points on the surface by a scanning fibre optic probe leading to an InGaAs spectrometer or a spectrally filtered InGaAs avalanche photodiode detector. Because of water absorption, attenuation of the SWCNT fluorescence in tissues is strongly wavelength-dependent. We therefore gauge the SWCNT-probe distance by analysing differential changes in the measured SWCNT emission spectra. SWCNT fluorescence can be clearly detected through at least 20 mm of tissue phantom, and the 3D locations of embedded SWCNT test samples are found with sub-millimeter accuracy at depths up to 10 mm. Our method can also distinguish and locate two embedded SWCNT sources at distinct positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wei Lin
- Department of Chemistry and the Smalley-Curl Institute, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
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13
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Samkoe KS, Tichauer KM, Gunn JR, Wells WA, Hasan T, Pogue BW. Quantitative in vivo immunohistochemistry of epidermal growth factor receptor using a receptor concentration imaging approach. Cancer Res 2014; 74:7465-74. [PMID: 25344226 PMCID: PMC4268352 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
As receptor-targeted therapeutics become increasingly used in clinical oncology, the ability to quantify protein expression and pharmacokinetics in vivo is imperative to ensure successful individualized treatment plans. Current standards for receptor analysis are performed on extracted tissues. These measurements are static and often physiologically irrelevant; therefore, only a partial picture of available receptors for drug targeting in vivo is provided. Until recently, in vivo measurements were limited by the inability to separate delivery, binding, and retention effects, but this can be circumvented by a dual-tracer approach for referencing the detected signal. We hypothesized that in vivo receptor concentration imaging (RCI) would be superior to ex vivo immunohistochemistry (IHC). Using multiple xenograft tumor models with varying EGFR expression, we determined the EGFR concentration in each model using a novel targeted agent (anti-EGFR affibody-IRDye800CW conjugate) along with a simultaneously delivered reference agent (control affibody-IRDye680RD conjugate). The RCI-calculated in vivo receptor concentration was strongly correlated with ex vivo pathologist-scored IHC and computer-quantified ex vivo immunofluorescence. In contrast, no correlation was observed with ex vivo Western blot analysis or in vitro flow-cytometry assays. Overall, our results argue that in vivo RCI provides a robust measure of receptor expression equivalent to ex vivo immunostaining, with implications for use in noninvasive monitoring of therapy or therapeutic guidance during surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley S Samkoe
- Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire. Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire.
| | - Kenneth M Tichauer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jason R Gunn
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Wendy A Wells
- Department of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brian W Pogue
- Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire. Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
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14
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Ardeshirpour Y, Chernomordik V, Hassan M, Zielinski R, Capala J, Gandjbakhche A. In vivo fluorescence lifetime imaging for monitoring the efficacy of the cancer treatment. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:3531-9. [PMID: 24671949 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-1826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Advances in tumor biology created a foundation for targeted therapy aimed at inactivation of specific molecular mechanisms responsible for cell malignancy. In this paper, we used in vivo fluorescence lifetime imaging with HER2-targeted fluorescent probes as an alternative imaging method to investigate the efficacy of targeted therapy with 17-DMAG (an HSP90 inhibitor) on tumors with high expression of HER2 receptors. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN HER2-specific Affibody, conjugated to Alexafluor 750, was injected into nude mice bearing HER2-positive tumor xenograft. The fluorescence lifetime was measured before treatment and monitored after the probe injections at 12 hours after the last treatment dose, when the response to the 17-DMAG therapy was the most pronounced as well as a week after the last treatment when the tumors grew back almost to their pretreatment size. RESULTS Imaging results showed significant difference between the fluorescence lifetimes at the tumor and the contralateral site (∼0.13 ns) in the control group (before treatment) and 7 days after the last treatment when the tumors grew back to their pretreatment dimensions. However, at the time frame that the treatment had its maximum effect (12 hours after the last treatment), the difference between the fluorescence lifetime at the tumor and contralateral site decreased to 0.03 ns. CONCLUSIONS The results showed a good correlation between fluorescence lifetime and the efficacy of the treatment. These findings show that in vivo fluorescence lifetime imaging can be used as a promising molecular imaging tool for monitoring the treatment outcome in preclinical models and potentially in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Ardeshirpour
- Authors' Affiliations: NIH/National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda
| | - Victor Chernomordik
- Authors' Affiliations: NIH/National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda
| | - Moinuddin Hassan
- Authors' Affiliations: NIH/National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda; Division of Physics, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, CDRH, FDA, Silver Spring
| | - Rafal Zielinski
- NIH/National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland; and UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jacek Capala
- NIH/National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland; and
| | - Amir Gandjbakhche
- Authors' Affiliations: NIH/National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda;
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15
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Dasgeb B, Smirnov AV, Ardeshirpour Y, Sackett DL, Knutson JR, Mehregan D, Gandjbakhche A, Halpern AC. Multiscale BerEp4 molecular imaging of microtumor phantoms: toward theranostics for basal cell carcinoma. Mol Imaging 2014; 13:10.2310/7290.2014.00016. [PMID: 25022347 PMCID: PMC11189108 DOI: 10.2310/7290.2014.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC), the most common cancer in humans, appears macroscopically and microscopically similar to many other skin lesions, which makes differential diagnosis difficult. We are developing an approach for quantitative molecular imaging of BerEP4, a transmembrane biomarker for BCC, with the goal of increasing the precision and accuracy of diagnosis. This pilot study was conducted to assess the affinity and selectivity of BerEp4 antibody and assess its possible use in designing theranostic probes for BCC. We provide evidence that our photon-counting fluorescence macrodetection system can recover specific signal increases from a film/pellet phantom. Additionally, we show that a two-photon excited fluorescence /backscatter confocal microscopy system can image BerEP4 antibody/antigen complex on the surface of BerEP4-expressing cancer cells in three dimensions. Based on the initial results, BerEP4 seems to be a promising biomarker for molecular imaging of BCC. To prepare BerEP4 for eventual theranostic use, we examined the feasibility of a combined macro-/micro-optical approach to imaging BCC with various histologies. These optical methods, endowed with the ability to monitor treatment in real time, may open an opportunity for noninvasive diagnosis, treatments, and follow-up.
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16
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Ardeshirpour Y, Hassan M, Zielinski R, Horton JA, Capala J, Gandjbakhche AH, Chernomordik V. In vivo assessment of HER2 receptor density in HER2-positive tumors by near-infrared imaging, using repeated injections of the fluorescent probe. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2013; 13:427-34. [PMID: 24000992 PMCID: PMC4527379 DOI: 10.7785/tcrtexpress.2013.600265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
HER2 overexpression and amplification of the HER2/neu gene have been found in approximately 25% of invasive breast carcinomas. They are associated with a poor prognosis and resistance to therapy in breast cancer patients. Up to now, clinical evaluation of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression is based on ex vivo methods (immunohistochemistry (IHC) or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) staining of biopsied tissue). Our goal is to realize “image and treat” paradigm using targeted fluorescent probes to evaluate expression levels of cell biomarkers responsible for cancer progression and to monitor the efficacy of corresponding monoclonal antibody treatments. We used fluorescent Affibody-based probes for in vivo analysis of HER2 receptors using near-infrared optical imaging that do not interfere with binding of the therapeutic agents to these receptors. We have analyzed two types of breast carcinoma xenografts with significant differences in HER2 expression (3+ and 2+ according to classification) in the mouse model. Using our kinetic model to analyze the temporal variations of the fluorescence intensity in the tumor area after two subsequent injections allowed us to assess quantitatively the difference in HER2 expression levels for two tumor types (BT-474 and MD-MBA-361). This result was substantiated by ELISA ex vivo assays of HER2 expression in the same tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Ardeshirpour
- NIH/National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Building 9, 9 Memorial Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892.
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17
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Abstract
Advances in personalized medicine are symbiotic with the development of novel technologies for biomedical devices. We present an approach that combines enhanced imaging of malignancies, therapeutics, and feedback about therapeutics in a single implantable, biocompatible, and resorbable device. This confluence of form and function is accomplished by capitalizing on the unique properties of silk proteins as a mechanically robust, biocompatible, optically clear biomaterial matrix that can house, stabilize, and retain the function of therapeutic components. By developing a form of high-quality microstructured optical elements, improved imaging of malignancies and of treatment monitoring can be achieved. The results demonstrate a unique family of devices for in vitro and in vivo use that provide functional biomaterials with built-in optical signal and contrast enhancement, demonstrated here with simultaneous drug delivery and feedback about drug delivery with no adverse biological effects, all while slowly degrading to regenerate native tissue.
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18
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Zielinski R, Hassan M, Lyakhov I, Needle D, Chernomordik V, Garcia-Glaessner A, Ardeshirpour Y, Capala J, Gandjbakhche A. Affibody-DyLight conjugates for in vivo assessment of HER2 expression by near-infrared optical imaging. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41016. [PMID: 22911732 PMCID: PMC3401287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Amplification of the HER2/neu gene and/or overexpression of the corresponding protein have been identified in approximately 20% of invasive breast carcinomas. Assessment of HER2 expression in vivo would advance development of new HER2-targeted therapeutic agents and, potentially, facilitate choice of the proper treatment strategy offered to the individual patient. We present novel HER2-specific probes for in vivo evaluation of the receptor status by near-infrared (NIR) optical imaging. Experimental Design Affibody molecules were expressed, purified, and labeled with NIR-fluorescent dyes. The binding affinity and specificity of the obtained probe were tested in vitro. For in vivo validation, the relationship of the measured NIR signal and HER2 expression was characterized in four breast cancer xenograft models, expressing different levels of HER2. Accumulation of Affibody molecules in tumor tissue was further confirmed by ex vivo analysis. Results Affibody-DyLight conjugates showed high affinity to HER2 (KD = 3.66±0.26). No acute toxicity resulted from injection of the probes (up to 0.5 mg/kg) into mice. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed a relatively short (37.53±2.8 min) half-life of the tracer in blood. Fluorescence accumulation in HER2-positive BT-474 xenografts was evident as soon as a few minutes post injection and reached its maximum at 90 minutes. On the other hand, no signal retention was observed in HER2-negative MDA-MB-468 xenografts. Immunostaining of extracted tumor tissue confirmed penetration of the tracer into tumor tissue. Conclusions The results of our studies suggest that Affibody-DyLight-750 conjugate is a powerful tool to monitor HER2 status in a preclinical setting. Following clinical validation, it might provide complementary means for assessment of HER2 expression in breast cancer patients (assuming availability of proper NIR scanners) and/or be used to facilitate detection of HER2-positive metastatic lesions during NIR-assisted surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Zielinski
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.
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In vivo fluorescence lifetime imaging monitors binding of specific probes to cancer biomarkers. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31881. [PMID: 22384092 PMCID: PMC3285647 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most important factors in choosing a treatment strategy for cancer is characterization of biomarkers in cancer cells. Particularly, recent advances in Monoclonal Antibodies (MAB) as primary-specific drugs targeting tumor receptors show that their efficacy depends strongly on characterization of tumor biomarkers. Assessment of their status in individual patients would facilitate selection of an optimal treatment strategy, and the continuous monitoring of those biomarkers and their binding process to the therapy would provide a means for early evaluation of the efficacy of therapeutic intervention. In this study we have demonstrated for the first time in live animals that the fluorescence lifetime can be used to detect the binding of targeted optical probes to the extracellular receptors on tumor cells in vivo. The rationale was that fluorescence lifetime of a specific probe is sensitive to local environment and/or affinity to other molecules. We attached Near-InfraRed (NIR) fluorescent probes to Human Epidermal Growth Factor 2 (HER2/neu)-specific Affibody molecules and used our time-resolved optical system to compare the fluorescence lifetime of the optical probes that were bound and unbound to tumor cells in live mice. Our results show that the fluorescence lifetime changes in our model system delineate HER2 receptor bound from the unbound probe in vivo. Thus, this method is useful as a specific marker of the receptor binding process, which can open a new paradigm in the “image and treat” concept, especially for early evaluation of the efficacy of the therapy.
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