1
|
Halabian R, Jahangiri A, Sedighian H, Behzadi E, Fooladi AAI. Staphylococcal enterotoxin B as DNA vaccine against breast cancer in a murine model. Int Microbiol 2023; 26:939-949. [PMID: 36991248 PMCID: PMC10057679 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00348-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Recently, many efforts have been made to treat cancer using recombinant bacterial toxins and this strategy has been used in clinical trials of various cancers. Therapeutic DNA cancer vaccines are now considered as a promising strategy to activate the immune system against cancer. Cancer vaccines could induce specific and long-lasting immune responses against tumors. This study aimed to evaluate the antitumor potency of the SEB DNA vaccine as a new antitumor candidate against breast tumors in vivo. To determine the effect of the SEB construct on inhibiting tumor cell growth in vivo, the synthetic SEB gene, subsequent codon optimization, and embedding the cleavage sites were sub-cloned to an expression vector. Then, SEB construct, SEB, and PBS were injected into the mice. After being vaccinated, 4T1 cancer cells were injected subcutaneously into the right flank of mice. Then, the cytokine levels of IL-4 and IFN-γ were estimated by the ELISA method to evaluate the antitumor activity. The spleen lymphocyte proliferation, tumor size, and survival time were assessed. The concentration of IFN-γ in the SEB-Vac group showed a significant increase compared to other groups. The production of IL-4 in the group that received the DNA vaccine did not change significantly compared to the control group. The lymphocyte proliferation increased significantly in the mice group that received SEB construct than PBS control group (p < 0.001). While there was a meaningful decrease in tumor size (p < 0.001), a significant increase in tumor tissue necrosis (p < 0.01) and also in survival time of the animal model receiving the recombinant construct was observed. The designed SEB gene construct can be a new model vaccine for breast cancer because it effectively induces necrosis and produces specific immune responses. This structure does not hurt normal cells and is a safer treatment than chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Its slow and long-term release gently stimulates the immune system and cellular memory. It could be applied as a new model for inducing apoptosis and antitumor immunity to treat cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Halabian
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Jahangiri
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Sedighian
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Behzadi
- Academy of Medical Sciences of the I.R. of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Imani Fooladi
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gheybi E, Asoodeh A, Amani J. Preparation of chitosan nanoparticle containing recombinant CD44v antigen and evaluation of its immunization capacity against breast cancer in BALB/c mice. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:134. [PMID: 36759786 PMCID: PMC9912563 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10614-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE(S) Breast tumors show heterogeneity containing cancer stem cells as a small subpopulation of a tumor mass. CD44 as a cancer stem cells antigen is abnormally expressed by carcinomas of epithelial origin. Also, overexpression of CD44 variable isoforms (CD44v) is associated with malignancy in breast cancer. In the present research, our objective was to evaluate the immunogenicity of prepared nanoparticles containing a novel recombinant CD44v (rCD44v) protein in the mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS CD44 gene was expressed in E. coli BL21 DE3 using the pET28a-CD44 vector. The expressed rCD44v protein was purified, encapsulated into the chitosan nanoparticles, and administered to BALB/c mice. ELISA was used to evaluate the immunoglobulin levels of immunized animals. For challenge experiment, 2 × 106 4T1-CD44 tumor cells were injected subcutaneously in mice, and tumor size, necrosis, and metastases were measured. Finally, cell proliferation assay, cytokines assay, and neutralization assay of the mouse anti-rCD44v on the human breast cancer cell line were examined. RESULTS The measured size of chitosan-rCD44v nanoparticles was 146.5 nm. Recombinant CD44v encapsulated by chitosan nanoparticles increases immunological responses via the adjuvant nature of chitosan nanoparticles. In the immunized mice, IgG and IgA titers were significantly increased. Tumor growth in injection and nano-injection test groups compared with the mice control groups displayed a significant reduction (P < 0.05). A high amount of splenocytes secreting IFNγ and IL-17 was seen in immunized mice with rCD44v (P < 0.05). Furthermore, a smaller size of lung metastases compared to the control mice groups was detected. CONCLUSION The encapsulated rCD44v within the chitosan nanoparticles induced a significant immune response in mice and can establish significant protection against breast cancer. Therefore, it can be considered a vaccine candidate for breast cancer therapeutic modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Gheybi
- grid.411301.60000 0001 0666 1211Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran ,grid.411301.60000 0001 0666 1211Cellular and Molecular Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Asoodeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. .,Cellular and Molecular Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Jafar Amani
- grid.411521.20000 0000 9975 294XApplied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yan Y, Wang S, Lin C. BCL11B Upregulates the Expression of RelA in T Cells Stimulated with Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A. Bull Exp Biol Med 2022; 174:259-264. [PMID: 36602602 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-023-05685-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We explored the potential link between RelA and BCL11B transcription factors. To this end, Jurkat and Raji cells (Jurkat:Raji 10:1), as well as normal human peripheral blood T cells, were activated by staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) and the expressions of both BCL11B and RelA mRNA and proteins were detected. BCL11B small interfering RNA was then transduced into Jurkat cells. Under the effect of SEA stimulation, the expression of BCL11B and RelA mRNA increased in two types of T cell lines over time, and the results were comparable with the levels of expression of BCL11B and RelA proteins. In the BCL11B-knockdown cells, the expression of RelA protein did not increase. These findings suggest that BCL11B regulates RelA expression in Jurkat cells and human peripheral blood T cells from healthy donors via the T-cell receptor signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research & National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - S Wang
- Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Maternity and Child Health Hospital of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - C Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Singh N, Bhatnagar S. Machine Learning for Prediction of Drug Targets in Microbe Associated Cardiovascular Diseases by Incorporating Host-pathogen Interaction Network Parameters. Mol Inform 2021; 41:e2100115. [PMID: 34676983 DOI: 10.1002/minf.202100115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Host-pathogen interactions play a crucial role in invasion, infection, and induction of immune response in humans. In this work, four machine learning algorithms, namely Logistic regression, K-nearest neighbor, Support Vector Machine, and Random Forest were implemented for the classification of drug targets. The algorithms were trained using 3400 hosts and 3800 pathogen drug and non-drug target proteins as learning instances. For each protein, 68 pathogen and 73 host features were computed that included sequence, structure, biological and host-pathogen network centrality characteristics. The Random Forest classifier model achieved the best accuracy after 10-fold cross-validation. 99 % accuracy was achieved with a ROC-AUC score of 0.99±0.01 for both pathogen and host training sets. The Eigenvector Centrality of host-pathogen interactions and host-host interactions was the top feature in performing classification of pathogen and host targets respectively. Other features important for classification were the presence of catalytic and binding sites, low instability/aliphatic index, and cellular location. The Random Forest classifier was then used for prediction of drug targets involved in Microbe Associated Cardiovascular Diseases. 331 host and 743 pathogen proteins were predicted as drug targets by the random forest model and can be validated experimentally for therapeutic intervention in Microbe Associated Cardiovascular Diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nirupma Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Sonika Bhatnagar
- Department of Biotechnology, Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India.,Computational and Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cristinziano L, Poto R, Criscuolo G, Ferrara AL, Galdiero MR, Modestino L, Loffredo S, de Paulis A, Marone G, Spadaro G, Varricchi G. IL-33 and Superantigenic Activation of Human Lung Mast Cells Induce the Release of Angiogenic and Lymphangiogenic Factors. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010145. [PMID: 33445787 PMCID: PMC7828291 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human lung mast cells (HLMCs) express the high-affinity receptor FcεRI for IgE and are strategically located in different compartments of human lung, where they play a role in several inflammatory disorders and cancer. Immunoglobulin superantigens (e.g., protein A of Staphylococcus aureus and protein L of Peptostreptococcus magnus) bind to the variable regions of either the heavy (VH3) or light chain (κ) of IgE. IL-33 is a cytokine expressed by epithelial cells that exerts pleiotropic functions in the lung. The present study investigated whether immunoglobulin superantigens protein A and protein L and IL-33 caused the release of inflammatory (histamine), angiogenic (VEGF-A) and lymphangiogenic (VEGF-C) factors from HLMCs. The results show that protein A and protein L induced the rapid (30 min) release of preformed histamine from HLMCs. By contrast, IL-33 did not induce the release of histamine from lung mast cells. Prolonged incubation (12 h) of HLMCs with superantigens and IL-33 induced the release of VEGF-A and VEGF-C. Preincubation with IL-33 potentiated the superantigenic release of histamine, angiogenic and lymphangiogenic factors from HLMCs. Our results suggest that IL-33 might enhance the inflammatory, angiogenic and lymphangiogenic activities of lung mast cells in pulmonary disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Cristinziano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (R.P.); (G.C.); (A.L.F.); (M.R.G.); (L.M.); (S.L.); (A.d.P.); (G.M.); (G.S.)
- World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Remo Poto
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (R.P.); (G.C.); (A.L.F.); (M.R.G.); (L.M.); (S.L.); (A.d.P.); (G.M.); (G.S.)
- World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gjada Criscuolo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (R.P.); (G.C.); (A.L.F.); (M.R.G.); (L.M.); (S.L.); (A.d.P.); (G.M.); (G.S.)
- World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Anne Lise Ferrara
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (R.P.); (G.C.); (A.L.F.); (M.R.G.); (L.M.); (S.L.); (A.d.P.); (G.M.); (G.S.)
- World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Galdiero
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (R.P.); (G.C.); (A.L.F.); (M.R.G.); (L.M.); (S.L.); (A.d.P.); (G.M.); (G.S.)
- World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Modestino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (R.P.); (G.C.); (A.L.F.); (M.R.G.); (L.M.); (S.L.); (A.d.P.); (G.M.); (G.S.)
- World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Loffredo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (R.P.); (G.C.); (A.L.F.); (M.R.G.); (L.M.); (S.L.); (A.d.P.); (G.M.); (G.S.)
- World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Amato de Paulis
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (R.P.); (G.C.); (A.L.F.); (M.R.G.); (L.M.); (S.L.); (A.d.P.); (G.M.); (G.S.)
- World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (R.P.); (G.C.); (A.L.F.); (M.R.G.); (L.M.); (S.L.); (A.d.P.); (G.M.); (G.S.)
- World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spadaro
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (R.P.); (G.C.); (A.L.F.); (M.R.G.); (L.M.); (S.L.); (A.d.P.); (G.M.); (G.S.)
- World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (R.P.); (G.C.); (A.L.F.); (M.R.G.); (L.M.); (S.L.); (A.d.P.); (G.M.); (G.S.)
- World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu X, Zeng L, Zhao Z, Xie Y, Wang S, Zhang J, He Y, Zou Z, Zhang J, Tao A. Construction, Expression, and Characterization of rSEA-EGF and In Vitro Evaluation of its Antitumor Activity Against Nasopharyngeal Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2018; 17:1533033818762910. [PMID: 29551087 PMCID: PMC5862366 DOI: 10.1177/1533033818762910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcal enterotoxin A is well known as a superantigen and able to be used for cancer immunotherapy. In this study, recombinant Staphylococcal enterotoxin A was genetically conjugated to epidermal growth factor to produce a chimeric protein recombinant Staphylococcal enterotoxin A–epidermal growth factor expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant Staphylococcal enterotoxin A–epidermal growth factor protein was purified using Strep-Tactin affinity chromatography and Endotoxin Removal Resin and identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electropheresis and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Furthermore, in vitro experiments showed purified recombinant Staphylococcal enterotoxin A–epidermal growth factor could successfully bind to the human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE2, significantly promote the proliferation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and enhance the secretion of several cytokines that have broad antitumor activities, such as interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-2 . Importantly, recombinant Staphylococcal enterotoxin A–epidermal growth factor significantly inhibited proliferation of CNE2 cells and promoted apoptosis in CNE2 cells when cocultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Finally, both the binding of recombinant Staphylococcal enterotoxin A–epidermal growth factor and the toxicity of recombinant Staphylococcal enterotoxin A–epidermal growth factor-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells were demonstrated as specific and only effective on high epidermal growth factor receptor-expressing cell lines. In all, our work suggests that recombinant Staphylococcal enterotoxin A–epidermal growth factor serves as a promising novel immunotherapeutic agent. More in vivo and in vitro studies are needed to verify its antitumor potency, as well as investigate the underlying mechanisms in cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Liu
- 1 The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Liping Zeng
- 1 The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Zhongqiu Zhao
- 2 Center for the Study of Itch, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.,3 Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yang Xie
- 1 The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Shan Wang
- 1 The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Junyan Zhang
- 1 The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Ying He
- 1 The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Zehong Zou
- 1 The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- 1 The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Ailin Tao
- 1 The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Norouzi Z, Salimi A, Halabian R, Fahimi H. Nisin, a potent bacteriocin and anti-bacterial peptide, attenuates expression of metastatic genes in colorectal cancer cell lines. Microb Pathog 2018; 123:183-189. [PMID: 30017942 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cause of cancer-related death in the world which genetic and environmental agents are responsible for cancer. When cells detach from the tumor and invade surrounding tissues, the tumor is malignant and may form secondary tumors at other locations in a process called metastasis. Probiotics are the largest group of inhabitation bacteria in the colon. Gut microbiota has a central role in prevented the risk colon cancer. Probiotics are beneficial microorganisms, like Lactic acid bacteria and Lactobacilli bacteria which are using in the dairy industry. Probiotics nisin are having the most important category of safe usage. In this study LS180, SW48, HT29 and Caco2 was cultured and treated with different dose of nisin. Cell proliferation was assayed with MTT. The expression of CEA, CEAM6 and MMP2F genes was analyzed with Real-time PCR. Protein expression of CEA was evacuated with ELISA. Our result was shown that the 40-50 IU/mL nisin could suppress proliferation of LS180. Cell proliferation of SW48, HT29, Caco2 cells was decreased in 250-350 IU/mL concentration of nisin. The gene expression of CEA, CEAM6, MMP2F was significantly down-regulated with nisin treatment (p < 0.001, p < 0.01). Also, after cells treated with nisin, CEA protein expression was down regulated (p < 0.01). In conclusion, nisin could suppressed metastatic process via down-regulation of CEA, CEAM6, MMP2F, MMP9F genes. We suggested the new treatment strategies beyond Probiotics, which play a role in the prevention local tumor invasion, metastasis and recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Norouzi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Salimi
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raheleh Halabian
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hossein Fahimi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|