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Wang M, Hua Y, Bai Y. A review of the application of exercise intervention on improving cognition in patients with Alzheimer's disease: mechanisms and clinical studies. Rev Neurosci 2024; 0:revneuro-2024-0046. [PMID: 39029521 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2024-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, leading to sustained cognitive decline. An increasing number of studies suggest that exercise is an effective strategy to promote the improvement of cognition in AD. Mechanisms of the benefits of exercise intervention on cognitive function may include modulation of vascular factors by affecting cardiovascular risk factors, regulating cardiorespiratory health, and enhancing cerebral blood flow. Exercise also promotes neurogenesis by stimulating neurotrophic factors, affecting neuroplasticity in the brain. Additionally, regular exercise improves the neuropathological characteristics of AD by improving mitochondrial function, and the brain redox status. More and more attention has been paid to the effect of Aβ and tau pathology as well as sleep disorders on cognitive function in persons diagnosed with AD. Besides, there are various forms of exercise intervention in cognitive improvement in patients with AD, including aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, and multi-component exercise. Consequently, the purpose of this review is to summarize the findings of the mechanisms of exercise intervention on cognitive function in patients with AD, and also discuss the application of different exercise interventions in cognitive impairment in AD to provide a theoretical basis and reference for the selection of exercise intervention in cognitive rehabilitation in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yan Hua
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yulong Bai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China
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Li X, Zhang Y, Ding X, Jin Y, Wei C, Xu J. Mass Spectrometry Chromatography-Based Metabolomics: The Effect of Long-Term Aerobic Exercise on Learning Ability and the Metabolism of Intestinal Contents in Mice with Alzheimer's Disease. Metabolites 2023; 13:1150. [PMID: 37999246 PMCID: PMC10673277 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13111150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of long-term aerobic exercise on the metabolism of intestinal contents in APP/PS1 mice was studied using a non-targeted metabolomics technique based on high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) coupling, providing a theoretical basis for exercise to regulate the metabolism of Alzheimer's disease (AD) organisms. Three-month-old male C57BL/6JNju mice, six wild-type (NC, n = 6); 12 APP/PS1 double transgenic species in total, were randomly divided into AD model (AM, n = 6) and AD model exercise (AE, n = 6) groups. The mice in the NC group were fed naturally, the mice in the AM group were statically placed on a running platform, and the mice in the AE group received a 20-week long-term moderate intensity running platform exercise intervention. Following the exercise intervention, the cecum contents of the mice in each group were collected and analyzed using the HPLC-MS technique, with those meeting both variable important in projection (VIP)> 1.5 and p < 0.05 being screened as differential metabolites. A total of 32 different metabolites were detected between the AM and NC groups, with 19 up-regulated in the AM group such as phosphatidic acid (PA) (18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/21:0) and 13 down-regulated in the AM group, such as 4,8-dimethylnonanoyl, compared to the NC group; 98 different metabolites were found between the AM and AE groups, 41 of which were upregulated such as Lyso phosphatidylcholine (LysoPC) and 57 of which were downregulated compared to the AM group such as Phosphatidylinositol (PI). The regulation of linoleic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, bile secretion, phenylalanine metabolism, and other pathways was predominantly regulated by nine metabolites, which were subsequently identified as indicators of exercise intervention to enhance metabolism in AD mice. The metabolomic technique can identify the metabolic problems of intestinal contents in AD mice and initially screen the biomarkers of exercise to improve the metabolic disorders in AD. These findings can help us better understand the impact of aerobic exercise on AD metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (Y.J.); (C.W.); (J.X.)
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Mangione KK, Darreff H, Welsh M, Ni W, Wolff E, Booth JT, Glenney SS, Fortinsky RH. Feasibility of a Modified Otago Exercise Program for Older Adults With Cognitive Vulnerability. J Appl Gerontol 2023:7334648231163050. [PMID: 36919309 DOI: 10.1177/07334648231163050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive vulnerability, that is, clinically significant symptoms of dementia, depression, or delirium, puts older adults at high risk for physical inactivity and falls. Programs addressing activity and falls are needed. The purpose was to determine feasibility of an in-home, modified, Otago Exercise Program (OEP) for those with cognitive vulnerability, based on acceptability (retention and adherence), safety (pain intensity and falls), and potential positive effects (change in short physical performance battery (SPPB)). This secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial included 80 participants who received the OEP; 64 completed it, 48% had depression, 22% had dementia, and 30% had a combination dementia/depression/delirium. Adherence to home exercise was low to moderate; pain was stable over 16 weeks; 31% of participants reported falls unrelated to OEP. SPPB increased from 6.95 to 7.74 (p < .01); age by time and diagnosis by time interactions were not significant. The modified OEP shows promising feasibility for older adults with cognitive vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hope Darreff
- Department of Physical Therapy, 3544Arcadia University, Glenside, PA, USA
| | - McKenna Welsh
- Department of Physical Therapy, 3544Arcadia University, Glenside, PA, USA
| | - Weihong Ni
- Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, 3544Arcadia University, Glenside, PA, USA
| | - Edward Wolff
- Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, 3544Arcadia University, Glenside, PA, USA
| | - Julie T Booth
- Department of Physical Therapy, 3699Quinnipiac University, Hamden, CT, USA
| | - Susan S Glenney
- Department of Kinesiology, 7712University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Richard H Fortinsky
- UConn Center on Aging, 12227University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
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Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common major neurocognitive disorder of ageing. Although largely ignored until about a decade ago, accumulating evidence suggests that deteriorating brain energy metabolism plays a key role in the development and/or progression of AD-associated cognitive decline. Brain glucose hypometabolism is a well-established biomarker in AD but was mostly assumed to be a consequence of neuronal dysfunction and death. However, its presence in cognitively asymptomatic populations at higher risk of AD strongly suggests that it is actually a pre-symptomatic component in the development of AD. The question then arises as to whether progressive AD-related cognitive decline could be prevented or slowed down by correcting or bypassing this progressive ‘brain energy gap’. In this review, we provide an overview of research on brain glucose and ketone metabolism in AD and its prodromal condition – mild cognitive impairment (MCI) – to provide a clearer basis for proposing keto-therapeutics as a strategy for brain energy rescue in AD. We also discuss studies using ketogenic interventions and their impact on plasma ketone levels, brain energetics and cognitive performance in MCI and AD. Given that exercise has several overlapping metabolic effects with ketones, we propose that in combination these two approaches might be synergistic for brain health during ageing. As cause-and-effect relationships between the different hallmarks of AD are emerging, further research efforts should focus on optimising the efficacy, acceptability and accessibility of keto-therapeutics in AD and populations at risk of AD.
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Fan Y, Zhang L, Kong X, Liu K, Wu H. Different Exercise Time on 5-HT and Anxiety-like Behavior in the Rat With Vascular Dementia. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2022; 37:15333175221082743. [PMID: 35344444 PMCID: PMC10581105 DOI: 10.1177/15333175221082743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated that pre-exercise suppresses anxiety-like behavior, but the effects of different exercise times on vascular dementia induced anxiety-like behavior have not been well investigated. OBJECTIVE The present study aims to investigate the underlying neurochemical mechanism of different pre-vascular-dementia exercise times on 5-HT and anxiety-like behavior in rats with vascular dementia. METHODS 32 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham group (S group, n = 8), vascular dementia group (VD group, n = 8), 1-week physical exercise and vascular dementia group (1WVD group, n = 8), and 4 weeks physical exercise and vascular dementia group (4WVD group, n = 8). 1 week and 4 weeks of voluntary wheel running were used as pre-exercise training. The vascular dementia model was established by bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (BCCAo) for 1 week. But bilateral common carotid arteries were not ligated in the sham group. The level of hippocampal 5-HT was detected with in vivo microdialysis coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (MD-HPLC). Elevated plus maze (EPM), open field (OF), and light/dark box test were used to test anxiety-like behavior. RESULTS Compared with the C group, the hippocampal 5-HT was significantly decreased in the VD group after 1 week of ligated operation. The hippocampal 5-HT levels in 1WVD and 4WVD groups were substantially higher than the level in the VD group. The hippocampal 5-HT level has no significant difference among C, 1WVD, and 4WVD. Behavioral data suggested that the rats in the VD group developed obvious anxiety-like behavior after 1 week of ligation surgery. Still, the rats in 1WVD and 4WVD groups did not show significant anxiety-like behavior. CONCLUSION Both 1 week and 4 weeks of voluntary running wheel exercise can inhibit the anxiety-like behavior in rats with vascular dementia by upregulating 5-HT levels in the hippocampus in the VD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhao Fan
- Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Comprehensive Key Laboratory of Sports Ability Evaluation and Research of the General Administration of Sport of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Function Assessment and Technical Analysis, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Sport and Health Science, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyang Kong
- Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Comprehensive Key Laboratory of Sports Ability Evaluation and Research of the General Administration of Sport of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Function Assessment and Technical Analysis, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Comprehensive Key Laboratory of Sports Ability Evaluation and Research of the General Administration of Sport of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Function Assessment and Technical Analysis, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Brain Peace Science Foundation, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Comprehensive Key Laboratory of Sports Ability Evaluation and Research of the General Administration of Sport of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Function Assessment and Technical Analysis, Beijing, 100191, China
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Borges-Machado F, Silva N, Farinatti P, Poton R, Ribeiro Ó, Carvalho J. Effectiveness of Multicomponent Exercise Interventions in Older Adults With Dementia: A Meta-Analysis. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2021; 61:e449-e462. [PMID: 32652005 PMCID: PMC8599205 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnaa091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Multicomponent training (MT) combines aerobic, strength, postural, and balance exercises and may be a promising intervention strategy for dementia. This meta-analysis study aims to systematize evidence concerning the effectiveness of MT in physical fitness, cognition, and functionality on activities of daily living (ADL) in older adults with dementia and to identify moderation patterns regarding training variables. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS 4 databases were systematically searched to locate potential trials through March 2019. A total of 2,312 records were identified and a final set of 17 manuscripts reviewed; of these, 6 satisfied all eligibility criteria. RESULTS Samples sizes ranged from 27 to 170 participants; MT programs lasted between 4 weeks and 12 months, took place from a daily basis to twice a week, and sessions ranged from 30 to 60 min. The TESTEX scale was used to analyze the methodological quality, and the funnel plots to assess the risk of bias. This meta-analysis revealed that MT interventions benefit older adults with dementia regarding ADL performance (effect size = 0.313 [0.16-0.46]; p < .01), but the evidence was not sufficiently robust to determine the effectiveness of MT on cognitive function and physical fitness, particularly, on agility. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS MT may be an important nonpharmacological strategy to enhance ADL functionality on older adults with dementia. Findings suggest that long-term interventions are more prevalent than high-frequency and longer duration exercise sessions. Further evidence is needed for acknowledging its benefits in specific cognitive abilities and physical fitness. This meta-analysis is registered in PROSPERO (no. CRD42020141545).
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Borges-Machado
- CIAFEL—Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Nádia Silva
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil
| | - Paulo Farinatti
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Physical Activity Sciences, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niteroi, Brazil
| | - Roberto Poton
- Centro Universitário IBMR, Laureate International Universities, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Óscar Ribeiro
- CINTESIS—Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Carvalho
- CIAFEL—Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal
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Borges-Machado F, Barros D, Teixeira L, Ribeiro O, Carvalho J. Contribution of a multicomponent intervention on functional capacity and independence on activities of daily living in individuals with neurocognitive disorder. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:625. [PMID: 34732148 PMCID: PMC8564955 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02591-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine the effects of a 6-month multicomponent (MT) exercise intervention in the functional capacity and ability to independently perform activities of daily living (ADL) of individuals diagnosed with neurocognitive disorder (NCD). METHODS A quasi-experimental controlled trial with a parallel design study was conducted in multicentered community-based settings. Forty-three individuals (N Female: 30) were allocated to an exercise group (EG; N: 23; mean 75.09, SD = 5.54 years) or a control group (CG; N:20; mean 81.90, SD = 1.33 years). The EG engaged in a 6-month MT program (60-min sessions, twice a week). Exercise sessions were divided into a warm-up, specific training (e.g., coordination and balance, lower and upper body strength, and aerobics), and cool down. Lower body function, mobility, and gait speed were evaluated through Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Timed-Up and Go test (TUG) and 6-Meter Walk test, respectively. The Barthel Index (BI) was administered to assess individuals' ADL independence. Evaluations were performed before and after the 6-month intervention. RESULTS Linear Mixed Models revealed a statistically significant interaction (time X group) effect factor on SPPB (B = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.39-3.28, p < 0.001), TUG (B = - 11.15, 95% CI: - 17.23 - - 5.06, p = 0.001), and 6-Meter Walk test (B = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.08-0.25, p < 0.001). No differences between groups or assessment moments were found in the ability of individuals to independently perform ADL. CONCLUSIONS The 6-month MT exercise intervention improves the functional capacity of older adults living with NCD. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov - identifier number NCT04095962 ; retrospectively registered on 19 September 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Borges-Machado
- CIAFEL - Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido Costa 91, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal. .,Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Duarte Barros
- CIAFEL - Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido Costa 91, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Porto, Portugal
| | - Laetitia Teixeira
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Oscar Ribeiro
- CINTESIS - Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Porto, Aveiro, Portugal.,Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Carvalho
- CIAFEL - Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido Costa 91, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Porto, Portugal
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Tan ZX, Dong F, Wu LY, Feng YS, Zhang F. The Beneficial Role of Exercise on Treating Alzheimer's Disease by Inhibiting β-Amyloid Peptide. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:5890-5906. [PMID: 34415486 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02514-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with a very large burden on global healthcare systems. Thus, it is imperative to find effective treatments of the disease. One feature of AD is the accumulation of neurotoxic β-amyloid peptide (Aβ). Aβ induces multiple pathological processes that are deleterious to nerve cells. Despite the development of medications that target the reduction of Aβ to treat AD, none has proven to be effective to date. Non-pharmacological interventions, such as physical exercise, are also being studied. The benefits of exercise on AD are widely recognized. Experimental and clinical studies have been performed to verify the role that exercise plays in reducing Aβ deposition to alleviate AD. This paper reviewed the various mechanisms involved in the exercise-induced reduction of Aβ, including the regulation of amyloid precursor protein cleaved proteases, the glymphatic system, brain-blood transport proteins, degrading enzymes and autophagy, which is beneficial to promote exercise therapy as a means of prevention and treatment of AD and indicates that exercise may provide new therapeutic targets for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Xuan Tan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Yu Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Shuo Feng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, People's Republic of China. .,Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China.
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Carvalho J, Borges-Machado F, Barros D, Sampaio A, Marques-Aleixo I, Bohn L, Pizarro A, Teixeira L, Magalhães J, Ribeiro Ó. "Body & Brain": effects of a multicomponent exercise intervention on physical and cognitive function of adults with dementia - study protocol for a quasi-experimental controlled trial. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:156. [PMID: 33663414 PMCID: PMC7934383 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02104-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia is a leading cause of death and disability that was declared as one of the greatest health and social care challenges of the twenty-first century. Regular physical activity and exercise have been proposed as a non-pharmacological strategy in disease prevention and management. Multicomponent Training (MT) combines aerobic, strength, balance and postural exercises and might be an effective training to improve both functional capacity and cognitive function in individuals with dementia (IwD). Nevertheless, data on the effects of MT in IwD are still limited and the extent to which IwD can retain improvements after an exercise intervention still needs to be elucidated. The aim of "Body & Brain" study is to investigate the effects of a 6-month MT intervention and 3-month detraining on the physical and cognitive function of IwD. Additionally, we aim to explore the impact of this intervention on psychosocial factors and physiologic markers related to dementia. METHODS This study is a quasi-experimental controlled trial using a parallel-group design. The study sample consists of community-dwelling individuals aged ≥60 years who are clinically diagnosed with dementia or major neurocognitive disorder. Participants will be either allocated into the intervention group or the control group. The intervention group will participate in MT biweekly exercise sessions, whereas the control group will receive monthly sessions regarding physical activity and health-related topics for 6 months. The main outcomes will be physical function as measured by the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and cognitive function evaluated using the Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale - Cognitive (ADAS-Cog) at baseline, after 6-months and 3-months after the end of intervention. Secondary outcomes will be body composition, physical fitness, daily functionality, quality of life, neuropsychiatric symptoms and caregiver's burden. Cardiovascular, inflammatory and neurotrophic blood-based biomarkers, and arterial stiffness will also be evaluated in subsamples. DISCUSSION If our hypothesis is correct, this project will provide evidence regarding the efficacy of MT training in improving physical and cognitive function and give insights about its impact on novel molecular biomarkers related to dementia. This project may also contribute to provide guidelines on exercise prescription for IwD. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov - identifier number NCT04095962 ; retrospectively registered on 19 September 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Carvalho
- Faculdade de Desporto da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido Costa 91, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal
- CIAFEL, Centro de Investigação em Atividade Física, Saúde e Lazer, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido Costa 91, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal
| | - Flávia Borges-Machado
- CIAFEL, Centro de Investigação em Atividade Física, Saúde e Lazer, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido Costa 91, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Duarte Barros
- CIAFEL, Centro de Investigação em Atividade Física, Saúde e Lazer, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido Costa 91, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal
| | - Arnaldina Sampaio
- CIAFEL, Centro de Investigação em Atividade Física, Saúde e Lazer, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido Costa 91, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Marques-Aleixo
- CIAFEL, Centro de Investigação em Atividade Física, Saúde e Lazer, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido Costa 91, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Educação Física e Desporto, Universidade Lusófona, Rua de Augusto Rosa 24, 4000-098, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lucimere Bohn
- CIAFEL, Centro de Investigação em Atividade Física, Saúde e Lazer, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido Costa 91, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Educação Física e Desporto, Universidade Lusófona, Rua de Augusto Rosa 24, 4000-098, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Pizarro
- CIAFEL, Centro de Investigação em Atividade Física, Saúde e Lazer, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido Costa 91, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal
| | - Laetitia Teixeira
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Magalhães
- Faculdade de Desporto da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido Costa 91, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal
- CIAFEL, Centro de Investigação em Atividade Física, Saúde e Lazer, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido Costa 91, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal
| | - Óscar Ribeiro
- CINTESIS, Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde, Departamento de Educação e Psicologia, Universidade de Aveiro - Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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Cezar NODC, Ansai JH, de Andrade LP. Home‐based multimodal exercise program in older people with Alzheimer disease: Randomized controlled trial protocol. PHYSIOTHERAPY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 26:e1899. [DOI: 10.1002/pri.1899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliana Hotta Ansai
- Graduate Program in Movement Sciences Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS) Campo Grande Mato Grosso do Sul Brazil
| | - Larissa Pires de Andrade
- Department of Physical Therapy Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) São Carlos São Paulo Brazil
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Rashid MH, Zahid MF, Zain S, Kabir A, Hassan SU. The Neuroprotective Effects of Exercise on Cognitive Decline: A Preventive Approach to Alzheimer Disease. Cureus 2020; 12:e6958. [PMID: 32190507 PMCID: PMC7067577 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.6958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive disorder that causes brain cells to slowly degenerate and die. This leads to a continuous decline in thinking, behavioral and social skills that disrupts a person's ability to function independently. AD is the most common cause of dementia globally. Neuroinflammation caused by intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and extracellular amyloid deposits leads to atrophy of brain cells especially the hippocampus, which is associated with memory formation. This atrophy leads to dementia and cognitive decline. Among the many preventive factors being studied, exercise is thought to play a vital role in not only preventing the pre-clinical stage of AD but also slowing the clinical progression of AD. It is also deployed as a treatment option for late-stage AD along with pharmacological treatment options. Various studies and clinical trials in both human and animal models are of the opinion that exercise slows the onset and progression of cognitive decline in AD patients. Some studies suggest that this effect is due to a decrease in neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid deposits in brain parenchyma. Others suggest that exercise causes an increase in angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and synaptogenesis mainly due to an increase in blood flow, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), hormones, and second messengers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sarmad Zain
- Internal Medicine, Nishtar Hospital, Nishtar Medical University, Multan, PAK
| | - Ahmad Kabir
- Pathology, Bakhtawar Amin Medical and Dental College, Multan, PAK
| | - Sibt Ul Hassan
- Internal Medicine, Bakhtawar Amin Memorial Hospital, Multan, PAK
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Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of a naturally occurring peptide isolated from Boana pulchella (Anura: Hylidae) and its analogs. Amino Acids 2020; 52:387-396. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-019-02815-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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de Almeida SIL, Gomes da Silva M, Marques ASPDD. Home-Based Physical Activity Programs for People With Dementia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2019; 60:600-608. [DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnz176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objectives
Physical activity has the potential to improve health outcomes in people with dementia, namely when living at home. However, the knowledge about home-based physical activity for this population is scarce. Thus, we aim to identify and synthesize the effects of home-based physical activity for people with dementia.
Research Design and Methods
A systematic review was conducted. Quality of studies was assessed using the Delphi List. Effect sizes (ES) were calculated with MetaXL 2.0. A meta-analysis was conducted for the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia, Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study Group Activities of Daily Living Scale (ADCS-ADL), Functional Reach test, Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, Short Physical Performance Battery, Dementia Quality of Life, NPI Caregivers subscale and Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI).
Results
Sixteen randomized controlled trials were included. Most were of high quality and published after 2015. A large heterogeneity of interventions was found. Meta-analysis showed significant results in MMSE (ES = 0.71, 95% CI 0.43, 0.99), NPI (ES = −0.37, 95% CI −0.57, −0.17), ADCS-ADL (ES = 0.80, 95% CI 0.53, 1.07), Functional Reach test (ES = 2.24, 95% CI 1.80, 2.68), TUG test (ES = −2.40, 95% CI −2.84, −1.96), NPI Caregivers subscale (ES = −0.63, 95% CI −0.94, −0.32), and ZBI (ES = −0.45, 95% CI −0.77, −0.13). Few minor adverse events and high adherence to intervention were found.
Discussion and Implications
Home-based physical activity seems safe and effective in delaying cognitive function decline and improving changes in behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, activities of daily living, health-related physical fitness, and carer’s burden in people with dementia living at home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Isabel Lebre de Almeida
- Lab 3R – Respiratory Research and Rehabilitation Laboratory, School of Health Sciences (ESSUA),, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED),, Portugal
- Department of Education and Psychology (DEP), University of Aveiro, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Madalena Gomes da Silva
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Health Applied Research, School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal (ESS-IPS), Portugal
| | - Alda Sofia Pires de Dias Marques
- Lab 3R – Respiratory Research and Rehabilitation Laboratory, School of Health Sciences (ESSUA),, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED),, Portugal
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