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Effect of Therapeutic Ultrasound on the Mechanical and Biological Properties of Fibroblasts. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-022-00281-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
This paper explores the effect of therapeutic ultrasound on the mechanical and biological properties of ligament fibroblasts.
Methods and Results
We assessed pulsed ultrasound doses of 1.0 and 2.0 W/cm2 at 1 MHz frequency for five days on ligament fibroblasts using a multidisciplinary approach. Atomic force microscopy showed a decrease in cell elastic modulus for both doses, but the treated cells were still viable based on flow cytometry. Finite element method analysis exhibited visible cytoskeleton displacements and decreased harmonics in treated cells. Colorimetric assay revealed increased cell proliferation, while scratch assay showed increased migration at a low dose. Enzyme-linked immunoassay detected increased collagen and fibronectin at a high dose, and immunofluorescence imaging technique visualized β-actin expression for both treatments.
Conclusion
Both doses of ultrasound altered the fibroblast mechanical properties due to cytoskeletal reorganization and enhanced the regenerative and remodeling stages of cell repair.
Lay Summary
Knee ligament injuries are a lesion of the musculoskeletal system frequently diagnosed in active and sedentary lifestyles in young and older populations. Therapeutic ultrasound is a rehabilitation strategy that may lead to the regenerative and remodeling of ligament wound healing. This research demonstrated that pulsed therapeutic ultrasound applied for 5 days reorganized the ligament fibroblasts structure to increase the cell proliferation and migration at a low dose and to increase the releasing proteins that give the stiffness of the healed ligament at a high dose.
Future Works
Future research should further develop and confirm that therapeutic ultrasound may improve the regenerative and remodeling stages of the ligament healing process applied in clinical trials in active and sedentary lifestyles in young and older populations.
Graphical abstract
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Ead JK, Sharma A, Goransson M, Armstrong DG. Potential Utility of Ultrasound-Enhanced Delivery of Antibiotics, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, and Nutraceuticals: A Mini Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:1290. [PMID: 36289948 PMCID: PMC9598569 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11101290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound technology has therapeutic properties that can be harnessed to enhance topical drug delivery in a process known as phonophoresis. The literature on this method of drug delivery is currently sparse and scattered. In this review, we explore in vivo and in vitro controlled trials as well as studies detailing the mechanism of action in phonophoresis to gain a clearer picture of the treatment modality and explore its utility in chronic wound management. Upon review, we believe that phonophoresis has the potential to aid in chronic wound management, particularly against complicated bacterial biofilms. This would offer a minimally invasive wound management option for patients in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Karim Ead
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Arjun Sharma
- California University of Science and Medicine (CUSM), Colton, CA 92324, USA
| | | | - David G. Armstrong
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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Kotronis G, Vas PRJ. Ultrasound Devices to Treat Chronic Wounds: The Current Level of Evidence. INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2020; 19:341-349. [DOI: 10.1177/1534734620946660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic wounds cause considerable morbidity and utilize significant health care resources. In addition to addressing wound etiology and treating infection, regular debridement is a key component of wound care with a proven ability to accelerate healing. In this regard, a significant innovation in wound care has been the development of ultrasound debridement technology. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the current evidence behind the technology with an emphasis on noncontact low-frequency (NCLF) ultrasound. A number of studies, especially those evaluating NCLF technology, have demonstrated the potential of ultrasound debridement to effectively remove devitalized tissue, control bioburden, alleviate pain, and expedite healing. However, most of the studies are underpowered, involve heterogeneous ulcer types, and demonstrate significant methodological limitations making comparison between studies difficult; there is a paucity of data on cost-effectiveness. Future clinical trials on ultrasound debridement technology must address the design issues prevalent in current studies, and report on clinically relevant endpoints before adoption into best-practice algorithms can be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prashanth R. J. Vas
- King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- King’s Health Partners’ Institute of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity, London, UK
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Lázaro-Martínez JL, Álvaro-Afonso FJ, García-Álvarez Y, Molines-Barroso RJ, García-Morales E, Sevillano-Fernández D. Ultrasound-assisted debridement of neuroischaemic diabetic foot ulcers, clinical and microbiological effects: a case series. J Wound Care 2019; 27:278-286. [PMID: 29738301 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2018.27.5.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical and microbiological effects of sequential wound debridement in a case series of neuroischaemic diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) using an ultrasound-assisted wound debridement (UAW) device. METHOD A prospective, single-centre study, involving a case series of 24 neuroischaemic DFUs, was conducted to evaluate sequential wound debridement with UAW during a six-week treatment period. Soft tissue punch biopsies were taken every second week of treatment, both before and after wound debridement sessions. Qualitative and quantitative microbiological analysis was performed and wounds were assessed at patient admission, and before and after each debridement procedure. RESULTS Wound tissue quality scores improved significantly from a mean score of 2.1±1.3 points at patient inclusion, to 5.3±1.7 points (p=0.001). Mean wound sizes were 4.45cm2 (range: 2-12.25cm2) at week zero, and 2.75cm2 (range: 1.67-10.70cm2) at week six (p=0.04). The mean number of bacterial species per culture determined at week zero and at week six was 2.53±1.55 and 1.90±1.16, respectively (p=0.023). Wound debridement resulted in significant decreases in bacterial counts (1.17, 1.31 and 0.77 log units in colony forming units (CFU) for week zero, three and six, respectively). The average bacterial load in tissue samples before and after wound debridement after the six-week treatment was Log 5.55±0.91CFU/g and Log 4.59±0.89CFU/g, respectively (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The study results showed a significant bacterial load reduction in DFU tissue samples as a result of UAW debridement, independent of bacterial species, some of which exhibited antibiotic-resistance. Significant bacterial load reduction was correlated with improved wound conditions and significant reductions of wound size.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Lázaro-Martínez
- Diabetic Foot Unit, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain; Section of Microbiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine. Universidad Complutense de Madrid
| | - Francisco Javier Álvaro-Afonso
- Diabetic Foot Unit, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain; Section of Microbiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine. Universidad Complutense de Madrid
| | - Yolanda García-Álvarez
- Diabetic Foot Unit, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain; Section of Microbiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine. Universidad Complutense de Madrid
| | - Raúl Juan Molines-Barroso
- Diabetic Foot Unit, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain; Section of Microbiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine. Universidad Complutense de Madrid
| | - Esther García-Morales
- Diabetic Foot Unit, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain; Section of Microbiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine. Universidad Complutense de Madrid
| | - David Sevillano-Fernández
- Diabetic Foot Unit, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain; Section of Microbiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine. Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Coskun ME, Coskun KA, Tutar Y. Determination of Optimum Operation Parameters for Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound and Low-Level Laser Based Treatment to Induce Proliferation of Osteoblast and Fibroblast Cells. Photomed Laser Surg 2018; 36:246-252. [PMID: 29466082 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2017.4354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Emre Coskun
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Kubra Acikalin Coskun
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Tutar
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
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Khan I, Arany P. Biophysical Approaches for Oral Wound Healing: Emphasis on Photobiomodulation. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2015; 4:724-737. [PMID: 26634185 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2014.0623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: Oral wounds can lead to significant pain and discomfort as well as affect overall general health due to poor diet and inadequate nutrition. Besides many biological and pharmaceutical methods being investigated, there is growing interest in exploring various biophysical devices that utilize electric, magnetic, ultrasound, pressure, and light energy. Recent Advances: Significant insight into mechanisms of these biophysical devices could provide a clear rationale for their clinical use. Preclinical studies are essential precursors in determining physiological mechanisms and elucidation of causal pathways. This will lead to development of safe and effective therapeutic protocols for clinical wound management. Critical Issues: Identification of precise events initiated by biophysical devices, specifically photobiomodulation-the major focus of this review, offers promising avenues in improving oral wound management. The primary phase responses initiated by the interventions that distinctly contribute to the therapeutic response must be clearly delineated from secondary phase responses. The latter events are a consequence of the wound healing process and must not be confused with causal mechanisms. Future Direction: Clinical adoption of these biophysical devices needs robust and efficacious protocols that can be developed by well-designed preclinical and clinical studies. Elucidation of the precise molecular mechanisms of these biophysical approaches could determine optimization of their applications for predictive oral wound care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Cell Regulation and Control Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Praveen Arany
- Cell Regulation and Control Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Bjerså K, Biörserud C, Fagevik Olsén M. Therapeutic ultrasound treatment for excessive skin on the upper arms due to extensive weight loss after bariatric surgery: A single blind, randomised, controlled trial. J Plast Surg Hand Surg 2015; 49:353-7. [DOI: 10.3109/2000656x.2015.1058270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Wollina U, Heinig B. Novel therapies developed for the treatment of leg ulcers: focus on physical therapies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/edm.12.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Samuels JA, Weingarten MS, Margolis DJ, Zubkov L, Sunny Y, Bawiec CR, Conover D, Lewin PA. Low-frequency (<100 kHz), low-intensity (<100 mW/cm(2)) ultrasound to treat venous ulcers: a human study and in vitro experiments. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2013; 134:1541-7. [PMID: 23927194 PMCID: PMC3745491 DOI: 10.1121/1.4812875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine whether low frequency (<100 kHz), low intensity (<100 mW/cm(2), spatial peak temporal peak) ultrasound can be an effective treatment of venous stasis ulcers, which affect 500 000 patients annually costing over $1 billion per year. Twenty subjects were treated with either 20 or 100 kHz ultrasound for between 15 and 45 min per session for a maximum of four treatments. Healing was monitored by changes in wound area. Additionally, two in vitro studies were conducted using fibroblasts exposed to 20 kHz ultrasound to confirm the ultrasound's effects on proliferation and cellular metabolism. Subjects receiving 20 kHz ultrasound for 15 min showed statistically faster (p < 0.03) rate of wound closure. All five of these subjects fully healed by the fourth treatment session. The in vitro results indicated that 20 kHz ultrasound at 100 mW/cm(2) caused an average of 32% increased metabolism (p < 0.05) and 40% increased cell proliferation (p < 0.01) after 24 h when compared to the control, non-treated cells. Although statistically limited, this work supports the notion that low-intensity, low-frequency ultrasound is beneficial for treating venous ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Samuels
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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Sorace AG, Saini R, Rosenthal E, Warram JM, Zinn KR, Hoyt K. Optical fluorescent imaging to monitor temporal effects of microbubble-mediated ultrasound therapy. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2013; 60:281-9. [PMID: 23357902 PMCID: PMC3628607 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2013.2564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Microbubble-mediated ultrasound therapy can noninvasively enhance drug delivery to localized regions in the body. This technique can be beneficial in cancer therapy, but currently there are limitations to tracking the therapeutic effects. The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the potential of fluorescent imaging for monitoring the temporal effects of microbubble-mediated ultrasound therapy. Mice were implanted with 2LMP breast cancer cells. The animals underwent microbubble-mediated ultrasound therapy in the presence of Cy5.5 fluorescent-labeled IgG antibody (large molecule) or Cy5.5 dye (small molecule) and microbubble contrast agents. Control animals were administered fluorescent molecules only. Animals were transiently imaged in vivo at 1, 10, 30, and 60 min post therapy using a small animal optical imaging system. Tumors were excised and analyzed ex vivo. Tumors were homogenized and emulsion imaged for Cy5.5 fluorescence. Monitoring in vivo results showed significant influx of dye into the tumor (p < 0.05) using the small molecule, but not in the large molecule group (p > 0.05). However, after tumor emulsion, significantly higher dye concentration was detected in therapy group tumors for both small and large molecule groups in comparison to their control counterparts (p <0.01). This paper explores a noninvasive optical imaging method for monitoring the effects of microbubble-mediated ultrasound therapy in a cancer model. It provides temporal information following the process of increasing extravasation of molecules into target tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna G. Sorace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Reshu Saini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Eben Rosenthal
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Jason M. Warram
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Kurt R. Zinn
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL. Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Kenneth Hoyt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL. Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL. Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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Wollina U, Heinig B, Naumann G, Scheibe A, Schmidt WD, Neugebauer R. Effects of low-frequency ultrasound on microcirculation in venous leg ulcers. Indian J Dermatol 2011; 56:174-9. [PMID: 21716543 PMCID: PMC3108517 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.80412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Therapeutic low-frequency ultrasound (US) has been used for many years to improve wound healing in chronic wounds like venous leg ulcers. No human data are available for the possible effects of single US applications on microcirculation and their frequency-dependency. Aims: To investigated the role of therapeutic low-frequency US on microcirculation of venous leg ulcers in vivo. Patients and Methods: This is a pilot study on an inpatient basis. We use a newly developed low-frequency continuous-wave US-equipment composed of a US transducer based on piezo-fiber composites that allow the change of frequency. In this study, we apply US of 34 kHz, 53.5 kHz, and 75 kHz respectively. Twelve patients with chronic venous leg ulcers are analyzed. As an adjunct to good ulcer care, therapeutic US is applied, non-contacting, once a day, in a subaqual position for 10 minutes. Microcirculation is assessed in the ulcers adjacent to skin before US-therapy, immediately after the treatment and 30 minutes later. We use a micro-light guide spectrophotometer (O2C, LEA Medizintechnik GmbH, Gieίen, Germany) for calculation of blood flow velocity, hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SCO2) and relative hemoglobin concentration (rHb) in 2 and 8 mm depth. Contact-free remission spectroscopy (SkinREM3, Color Control Chemnitz GmbH, Chemnitz, Germany) allows contact free measurements in the VIS-NIR range of the spectrum (400 ± 1600 nm). Results: It is seen that therapeutic US is well tolerated. One patient dropped out from a treatment series since he developed erysipelas responding to standard antibiotic. Effects were seen at 34 kHz only. The SO2 values increased after single US application. The values for rHb were higher in the superficial layer of the wound bed (depth 2 mm) compared to deeper parts (8 mm depth). US treatment did not result in significant changes of rHb and blood cell velocity. The data obtained by remission spectroscopy disclose an increase of oxygenized hemoglobin. Conclusions: The major findings are that continuous-wave low-frequency US of 34 kHz, but not, 53.5 kHz or 75 kHz, has a temporary stimulatory effect on microcirculation mainly due to an improved oxygenation. Further studies with treatment series are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Wollina
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Academic Teaching Hospital Dresden-Friedrichstadt, Dresden, Germany
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Lima ACB, Guerra DM. [Evaluation of the cost of treating pressure ulcers in hospitalized patients using industrialized dressings]. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2011; 16:267-77. [PMID: 21180834 DOI: 10.1590/s1413-81232011000100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2007] [Accepted: 12/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This work evaluated wound dresses used in the Neurosurgery Department of Restauração Hospital: polyurethane, hydrogel and activated carbon wound dresses and hydrogel with alginate used for pressure ulcer care. This work aimed to identify a critical factor that increases demand and cost of wound dresses. The evaluation conducted at the Neurosurgery Department identified individuals at risk of pressure ulcer development. Sixty-two patients were evaluated and the prevalence of pressure ulcer was 22.6% according to the Braden scale. Comparative evaluation between patients that didn't receive preventive measures and others that received, showed that the average daily cost of hospitalization for the first group was 45% higher than the mean for the second group. The Wilcoxon-Mann-Withiney test compared the population at risk to develop pressure ulcer and population at low risk showing that the evaluation of Braden Scale scores between the groups presents statistically significant differences and confidence limits of 95%. Pressure ulcer is a key quality indicator in health services.It is possible to reduce costs and offer higher quality public health services by implementing a training program of nursing staff using a preventive measure protocol based on a test to evaluate risk as Braden Scale.
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Adahan HM, Sharon H, Siev-Ner I. A sound solution to tendonitis: healing tendon tears with a novel low-intensity, low-frequency surface acoustic ultrasound patch. PM R 2010; 2:685-7. [PMID: 20659726 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2010.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Revised: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haim Moshe Adahan
- Division of the Orthopedic Rehabilitation Department, The Chaim Sheba Medical Rehabilitation Center, Ishpuz Yom Binyan Lechaim Office, No 19 Mercaz Hashikum, Tel-Aviv University, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Hashomer Hospital, Tel-Hashomer, 52621, Israel.
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Anabolic effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on human gingival fibroblasts. Arch Oral Biol 2009; 54:743-8. [PMID: 19493525 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2009.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2009] [Revised: 04/15/2009] [Accepted: 04/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) demonstrated anabolic effects on cementoblasts, odontoblasts, and periodontal ligament cells. However, LIPUS effect on human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) remains to be investigated. Therefore, we evaluated the in vitro effects of LIPUS on HGF proliferation and differentiation to test its feasibility for periodontal therapy. DESIGN LIPUS treatment (1.5MHz, 30mW/cm(2)) was applied to HGF in the experimental groups after 24-h of culture (5 or 10min/day for 28 days) and omitted in the control. Changes in HGF activities were evaluated in response to LIPUS treatment in dose-dependent (5 and 10min) and time-dependent (weeks 1-4) manner. The effects of LIPUS on HGF cell viability (MTT), proliferation (total DNA content and growth pattern), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and gene expression by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were determined. RESULTS Cell viability remained unchanged after LIPUS treatment during the 4 weeks of treatment as compared to the untreated control group which ensured a safe biological response. Both LIPUS treatments (5-10min/day) did not yield any significant changes in the proliferation, and expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and collagen-I (COL-I). Conversely, LIPUS treatment enhanced osteogenic differentiation potential of HGF as determined by significant up-regulation of specific ALP activity and osteopontin (OPN) expression, with optimum effect following 3 weeks of 5min/day LIPUS treatment. CONCLUSION LIPUS treatment at 30mW/cm(2) selectively enhanced HGF differentiation but not proliferation. The ability of LIPUS to enhance HGF differentiation is promising for its application in cell-based periodontal therapy.
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Paliwal S, Mitragotri S. Therapeutic opportunities in biological responses of ultrasound. ULTRASONICS 2008; 48:271-278. [PMID: 18406440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2008.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2007] [Revised: 02/05/2008] [Accepted: 02/28/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic benefits of several existing ultrasound-based therapies such as facilitated drug delivery, tumor ablation and thrombolysis derive largely from physical or mechanical effects. In contrast, ultrasound can also trigger various time-dependent biochemical responses in the exposed biological milieu. Several biological responses to ultrasound exposure have been previously described in the literature but only a handful of these provide therapeutic opportunities. These include the use of ultrasound for healing of soft tissues and bones, the use of ultrasound for inducing non-necrotic tumor atrophy as well as for potentiation of chemotherapeutic drugs, activation of the immune system, angiogenesis and suppression of phagocytosis. A review of these therapeutic opportunities is presented with particular emphasis on their mechanisms. Overall, this review presents the increasing importance of ultrasound's role as a biological sensitizer enabling novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Paliwal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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Poltawski L, Watson T. Relative transmissivity of ultrasound coupling agents commonly used by therapists in the UK. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2007; 33:120-8. [PMID: 17189054 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2006.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2006] [Revised: 06/30/2006] [Accepted: 07/13/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Coupling agents are required when using therapeutic ultrasound (US) to maximize acoustic contact between the transducer and the insonated tissue. US beam power is attenuated to varying extents by different couplants and this may influence treatment efficacy, since therapeutic effects are dose-dependent. It is therefore important to know how well different couplants transmit US. In this study, the transmission characteristics of a range of gel couplants were measured using a radiation force balance. Data were collected for gels commonly used by UK therapists and at the powers and frequencies advocated for low-intensity therapeutic practice. Transmissivities of standard couplants relative to degassed water varied between 95% and 108% (nominal 95% confidence intervals between 0% and 11%). The spread and ranking of transmissivities changed when the US frequency was varied. For clinical purposes, however, there was no significant difference between transmissivities of the gels under test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Poltawski
- School of Health and Emergency Professions, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK.
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