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Dritsoula A, Camilli C, Moss SE, Greenwood J. The disruptive role of LRG1 on the vasculature and perivascular microenvironment. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1386177. [PMID: 38745756 PMCID: PMC11091338 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1386177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The establishment of new blood vessels, and their subsequent stabilization, is a critical process that facilitates tissue growth and organ development. Once established, vessels need to diversify to meet the specific needs of the local tissue and to maintain homeostasis. These processes are tightly regulated and fundamental to normal vessel and tissue function. The mechanisms that orchestrate angiogenesis and vessel maturation have been widely studied, with signaling crosstalk between endothelium and perivascular cells being identified as an essential component. In disease, however, new vessels develop abnormally, and existing vessels lose their specialization and function, which invariably contributes to disease progression. Despite considerable research into the vasculopathic mechanisms in disease, our knowledge remains incomplete. Accordingly, the identification of angiocrine and angiopathic molecules secreted by cells within the vascular microenvironment, and their effect on vessel behaviour, remains a major research objective. Over the last decade the secreted glycoprotein leucine-rich α-2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG1), has emerged as a significant vasculopathic molecule, stimulating defective angiogenesis, and destabilizing the existing vasculature mainly, but not uniquely, by altering both canonical and non-canonical TGF-β signaling in a highly cell and context dependent manner. Whilst LRG1 does not possess any overt homeostatic role in vessel development and maintenance, growing evidence provides a compelling case for LRG1 playing a pleiotropic role in disrupting the vasculature in many disease settings. Thus, LRG1 has now been reported to damage vessels in various disorders including cancer, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, ocular disease, and lung disease and the signaling processes that drive this dysfunction are being defined. Moreover, therapeutic targeting of LRG1 has been widely proposed to re-establish a quiescent endothelium and normalized vasculature. In this review, we consider the current status of our understanding of the role of LRG1 in vascular pathology, and its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Dritsoula
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Hu F, Gao Q, Liu J, Chen W, Zheng C, Bai Q, Sun N, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Lu T. Smart microneedle patches for wound healing and management. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:2830-2851. [PMID: 36916631 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02596e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
The number of patients with non-healing wounds is generally increasing globally, placing a huge social and economic burden on every country. The complexity of the wound-healing process remains a major health challenge despite the numerous studies that have been reported on conventional wound dressings. Therefore, a therapeutic system that combines diagnostic and therapeutic modalities is essential to monitor wound-related biomarkers and facilitate wound healing in real time. Microneedles, as a multifunctional platform, are promising for transdermal diagnostics and drug delivery. Their advantages are mainly reflected in painless transdermal drug delivery, good biocompatibility, and ease of self-administration. In this work, we review recent advances in the use of microneedle patches for wound healing and monitoring. The paper first provides a brief overview of the skin structure and the wound healing process, and then discusses the current state of research and prospects for the development of wound-related biomarkers and their real-time monitoring based on microneedle sensors. It summarizes the current state of research based on the unique design of microneedle patches, including biomimetic, conductive, and environmentally responsive, to achieve wound healing. It further summarizes the prospects for the application of different microneedle-based drug delivery modalities and drug delivery substances for wound healing, due to their superior transdermal drug delivery advantages. It concludes with challenges and expectations for the use of smart microneedle patches for wound healing and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University 127 West Youyi Road, Beilin District, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China.
| | - Qian Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University 127 West Youyi Road, Beilin District, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China.
| | - Jinxi Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University 127 West Youyi Road, Beilin District, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China.
| | - Wenting Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University 127 West Youyi Road, Beilin District, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China.
| | - Caiyun Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University 127 West Youyi Road, Beilin District, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China.
| | - Que Bai
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University 127 West Youyi Road, Beilin District, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China.
| | - Na Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University 127 West Youyi Road, Beilin District, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China.
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University 127 West Youyi Road, Beilin District, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China.
| | - Yanni Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University 127 West Youyi Road, Beilin District, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China.
| | - Tingli Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University 127 West Youyi Road, Beilin District, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China.
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Tong S, Li Q, Liu Q, Song B, Wu J. Recent advances of the nanocomposite hydrogel as a local drug delivery for diabetic ulcers. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1039495. [PMID: 36267448 PMCID: PMC9577098 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1039495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic ulcer is a serious complication of diabetes. Compared with that of healthy people, the skin of patients with a diabetic ulcer is more easily damaged and difficult to heal. Without early intervention, the disease will become increasingly serious, often leading to amputation or even death. Most current treatment methods cannot achieve a good wound healing effect. Numerous studies have shown that a nanocomposite hydrogel serves as an ideal drug delivery method to promote the healing of a diabetic ulcer because of its better drug loading capacity and stability. Nanocomposite hydrogels can be loaded with one or more drugs for application to chronic ulcer wounds to promote rapid wound healing. Therefore, this paper reviews the latest progress of delivery systems based on nanocomposite hydrogels in promoting diabetic ulcer healing. Through a review of the recent literature, we put forward the shortcomings and improvement strategies of nanocomposite hydrogels in the treatment of diabetic ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Tong
- School of Basic Medical, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qingyu Li
- School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiaoyan Liu
- School of Basic Medical, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Bo Song
- School of Basic Medical, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Song, ; Junzi Wu,
| | - Junzi Wu
- School of Basic Medical, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Song, ; Junzi Wu,
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