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Ali M, Wani SUD, Salahuddin M, S.N. M, K M, Dey T, Zargar MI, Singh J. Recent advance of herbal medicines in cancer- a molecular approach. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13684. [PMID: 36865478 PMCID: PMC9971193 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive compounds are crucial for an extensive range of therapeutic uses, and some exhibit anticancer activity. Scientists advocate that phytochemicals modulate autophagy and apoptosis, involved in the underlying pathobiology of cancer development and regulation. The pharmacological aiming of the autophagy-apoptosis signaling pathway using phytocompounds hence offers an auspicious method that is complementary to conventional cancer chemotherapy. The current review aims to explore the molecular level of the autophagic-apoptotic pathway to know its implication in the pathobiology of cancer and explore the essential cellular process as a druggable anticancer target and therapeutic emergence of naturally derived phytocompound-based anticancer agents. The data in the review were collected from scientific databases such as Google search, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Medline, and Clinical Trials. With a broad outlook, we investigated their cutting-edge scientifically revealed and/or searched pharmacologic effects, a novel mechanism of action, and molecular signaling pathway of phytochemicals in cancer therapy. In this review, the evidence is focused on molecular pharmacology, specifically caspase, Nrf2, NF-kB, autophagic-apoptotic pathway, and several mechanisms to understand their role in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, East Point College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, 560049, India
| | - Shahid Ud Din Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Md Salahuddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, 560027, India
| | - Manjula S.N.
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy Mysuru, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570004, India
| | - Mruthunjaya K
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy Mysuru, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570004, India
| | - Tathagata Dey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, East Point College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, 560049, India
| | - Mohammed Iqbal Zargar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Jagadeesh Singh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, East Point College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, 560049, India
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Fang G, Wu Y, Zhang X. Changes of Kinesin Family Member 18 Pathway in Epithelial Mesenchymal Transformation and Effect of Butyrate on Migration and Invasion of Colon Cancer Cells. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2021.2535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Colon cancer is a common digestive system disease with an increasing incidence. Severe migration and invasion aggravates the deterioration of colon cancer patients. Previous studies have found that epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is closely associated with early transference
of colon carcinoma and abnormal changes occur in KIF18 signaling pathway. Butyrate protects colonic mucosa with a considerable effect on the colon. This study predicts that butyrate may reverse EMT process of colon cancer cells through KIF18 signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting cell migration
and invasion. In this experiment, EMT model of colon cancer was used to investigate migration and invasion. Human colon cancer cell line SW1116 was cultured and assigned into control group (0 mmol/L butyrate), low concentration group (2 mmol/L), medium concentration group (4 mmol/L), and high
concentration group (10 mmol/L). After 72 hours, cell migration and invasion was analyzed by Transwell assays. E-cadherin, Vimentin, and KIF18 level was detected by Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR. After treatment, cell migration and invasion was significantly inhibited compared
to control dose-dependently. In addition, Vimentin and KIF18 mRNA level was significantly lower and E-cadherin mRNA was higher in treatment groups than control group in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). Consistently, the profile of protein level of these molecules was similar to
mRNA expression profile. Electron microscope showed that after treatment with butyrate, the surface protuberances of colon cancer cells were abnormally increased, especially the vesicular protuberances, which were the microvilli of intestinal mucosal epithelium. In conclusion, KIF18 is crucial
in EMT of colon cancer cells. Butyrate may elevate E-cadherin and suppress Vimentin and KIF18 by activating KIF18 signaling, thus inhibiting invasion and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojiu Fang
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121000, China
| | - Yibin Wu
- Liver Surgery Department, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xueli Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Fengxian Central Hospital, Shanghai, 201400, China
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Gothai S, Muniandy K, Gnanaraj C, Ibrahim IAA, Shahzad N, Al-Ghamdi SS, Ayoub N, Veeraraghavan VP, Kumar SS, Esa NM, Arulselvan P. Pharmacological insights into antioxidants against colorectal cancer: A detailed review of the possible mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:1514-1522. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Li T, Sun W, Dong X, Yu W, Cai J, Yuan Q, Shan L, Efferth T. Total ginsenosides of Chinese ginseng induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in colorectal carcinoma HT-29 cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:4640-4648. [PMID: 30197678 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the most frequent malignant disease of the gastrointestinal tract and it has a poor prognosis. The current treatment options for CRC are far from optimal; they have limited efficacy and toxic effects. Chinese ginseng (the dried root of Panax ginseng) is a medicinal herb, of which ginsenosides are the most effective anticancer component. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-CRC effect of total ginsenosides of Chinese ginseng (TGCG), by analyzing the cellular and molecular pathways. This was done via MTT assay, morphological observation (DAPI staining), flow cytometry for cell cycle and apoptosis analyses, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. The results revealed that TGCG inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis in HT-29 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The mRNA expression of CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, BAX, CDKN2B, CASP8, CASP3, TP53, TOP1, MYC, MDM2, and CCND1 and the protein expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) 2, Cdk4, Cyclin D1, Bax, p21WAF1, p27Kip1, c-Myc, p15INK4b, and p53 were revealed to be modulated by TGCG in HT-29 cells, and are all factors associated with DNA damage, cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis. In conclusion, TGCG induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 and G2/M phases and induced apoptosis in HT-29 cells through the c-Myc- and p53-mediated signaling pathways, possibly in response to DNA damage. Therefore, TGCG may be regarded a promising candidate for development as an anticancer agent for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Wan Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqiao Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Wenhua Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Jianyong Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Yuan
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Letian Shan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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Guo H, Liu JX, Li H, Baak JPA. In Metastatic Non-small cell Lung Cancer Platinum-Based Treated Patients, Herbal Treatment Improves the Quality of Life. A Prospective Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:454. [PMID: 28769793 PMCID: PMC5511837 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: According to clinical experience, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) herbs added to platinum-based therapy (PBT) improve the Quality of Life (QOL) in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, but this must be prospectively validated. Patients and Methods: Based on clinical impressions regarding the effect of adding TCM herbs to platinum-based chemotherapy, we anticipated that 2 × 21 patients would be sufficient to obtain significant results with an α < 0.05 and power (1 - β) of 90%. To be on the safe side, we enrolled at least 28 patients in each group. In a prospective randomized controlled trial, 61 uniquely defined consecutive patients (PBT+PLACEBO, N = 32; PBT+TCM, N = 29) with stage IIIB-IV, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance scores (PS) = 0–1 and TCM syndrome combined Qi-Yin deficiency were enrolled. These 61 patients were selected from originally 154 consecutive stage IIIB-IV lung cancer patients in the enrollment period. Patients were hospitalized and strictly controlled/surveyed during the entire 2-month treatment period, to guarantee use of or abstinence from TCM herbal and placebo fluids. Occurrence of nausea-vomiting, QOL by Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Lung (FACT-L) scales and changes in ECOG “improved and stable rates” were compared before and after two treatment cycles. Results: Before treatment, the clinico-pathologic and QOL features in PBT+PLACEBO and PBT+TCM patients did not differ (P > 0.10). The only side effects attributed by some of the patients to the TCM herbs were transient, mild gastric/abdominal heaviness in the first 2 weeks, but these also occurred amongst the PBT+PLACEBO patients (17 and 13%, P > 0.10). The incidence rates of nausea during treatment were 17% in PBT+TCM versus 75% in PBT+PLACEBO; vomiting rates were 14 and 56% (P < 0.0001 and 0.002). Moreover, ECOG “improved and stable rates” were 90% in the PBT+TCM versus 69% in the PBT+PLACEBO group (P = 0.04). In PBT+TCM patients, FACT-L social/familial and functional subscales were better after 2 months’ treatment (P = 0.02 and 0.03). Contrarily, in PBT+PLACEBO patients, the QOL variables total score, physical and emotional subscales were worse after PBT treatment (P = 0.03, 0.0001, and 0.003). Conclusion: In stage IIIB-IV ECOG-PS = 0–1 NSCLC patients with Qi-Yin deficiency and platinum-based chemotherapy, adding TCM herbal medication improves the QOL. As this category of patients constitutes 40% of all metastatic NSCLCs, these results could have significant clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiru Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Jia X Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Hegen Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Jan P A Baak
- Division of Research, Dr. Med. Jan Baak ASTananger, Norway.,Division of Clinical Care Medical Practice, Dr. Med. Jan Baak ASAkersloot, Netherlands.,Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, Technical University of MunichMunich, Germany.,Department of Pathology - Department for Molecular Biology, Stavanger University HospitalStavanger, Norway
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Chao TH, Fu PK, Chang CH, Chang SN, Chiahung Mao F, Lin CH. Prescription patterns of Chinese herbal products for post-surgery colon cancer patients in Taiwan. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:702-708. [PMID: 24945402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNO-PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is commonly provided to cancer patients, however, the patterns of prescriptions for this type of medicine in Taiwan are unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the use of traditional Chinese medicine products in colon cancer patients post-surgery in Taiwan and to research patterns of TCM. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of newly diagnosed colon cancer patients who received surgery between 2004 and 2008 identified from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan. The prescription patterns and reasons for the use of TCM for colon cancer were analyzed. RESULTS The results showed that "symptoms, signs and ill-defined conditions" (23.3%) and diseases of the digestive system (16.9%) were the most common reasons for using Chinese herbal medicine. Xiang-sha-liu-jun-zi-tang (7.1%), Bu-zhong-yi-qi-tang (4.3%), Jia-wei-xiao-yao-san (4.1%), Shen-Ling-Bai-Zhu-San (3.7%), Ban-Xia-Xie-Xin-Tang (3.4%), Gui-pi-tang (2.4%), Ping-Wei-San (2.4%), Gan-Lu-Yin (2.0%), Bao-He-Wan (1.9%), and Zhen-Ren-Huo-Ming-Yin (1.8%) were the most commonly prescribed single Chinese herbal formulae (CHF) for colon cancer patients post-surgery. Hedyotis diffusa Willd (Bai Hua She She Cao) (5.1%) and Scutellaria barbata (Ban Zhi Lian )(4.8%) were the most commonly prescribed single Chinese herbs. CONCLUSIONS This study identified patterns of TCM use in colon cancer patients post-surgery in Taiwan. The herbal ingredients were most commonly used for stimulate ghrelin secretion to increase food intake and had potential anti-tumor effect. However, further research is required to evaluate any beneficial effects which could identify leads for the development of new treatment strategies using TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-Hsin Chao
- Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pin-Kuei Fu
- Division of Critical Care & Respiratory Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Health Policy and Management, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chiung-Hung Chang
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-Ni Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, #160, Section 3, Chung-Kang Rd., Taichung, Taichung 407, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Frank Chiahung Mao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ching-Heng Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, #160, Section 3, Chung-Kang Rd., Taichung, Taichung 407, Taiwan, ROC.
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Therapeutic applications of herbal medicines for cancer patients. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:302426. [PMID: 23956768 PMCID: PMC3727181 DOI: 10.1155/2013/302426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal herbs and their derivative phytocompounds are being increasingly recognized as useful complementary treatments for cancer. A large volume of clinical studies have reported the beneficial effects of herbal medicines on the survival, immune modulation, and quality of life (QOL) of cancer patients, when these herbal medicines are used in combination with conventional therapeutics. Here, we briefly review some examples of clinical studies that investigated the use of herbal medicines for various cancers and the development of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in this emerging research area. In addition, we also report recent studies on the biochemical and cellular mechanisms of herbal medicines in specific tumor microenvironments and the potential application of specific phytochemicals in cell-based cancer vaccine systems. This review should provide useful technological support for evidence-based application of herbal medicines in cancer therapy.
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