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Khan AEMA, Arutla V, Srivenugopal KS. Human NQO1 as a Selective Target for Anticancer Therapeutics and Tumor Imaging. Cells 2024; 13:1272. [PMID: 39120303 PMCID: PMC11311714 DOI: 10.3390/cells13151272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Human NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase1 (HNQO1) is a two-electron reductase antioxidant enzyme whose expression is driven by the NRF2 transcription factor highly active in the prooxidant milieu found in human malignancies. The resulting abundance of NQO1 expression (up to 200-fold) in cancers and a barely detectable expression in body tissues makes it a selective marker of neoplasms. NQO1 can catalyze the repeated futile redox cycling of certain natural and synthetic quinones to their hydroxyquinones, consuming NADPH and generating rapid bursts of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) and H2O2. A greater level of this quinone bioactivation due to elevated NQO1 content has been recognized as a tumor-specific therapeutic strategy, which, however, has not been clinically exploited. We review here the natural and new quinones activated by NQO1, the catalytic inhibitors, and the ensuing cell death mechanisms. Further, the cancer-selective expression of NQO1 has opened excellent opportunities for distinguishing cancer cells/tissues from their normal counterparts. Given this diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic importance, we and others have engineered a large number of specific NQO1 turn-on small molecule probes that remain latent but release intense fluorescence groups at near-infrared and other wavelengths, following enzymatic cleavage in cancer cells and tumor masses. This sensitive visualization/quantitation and powerful imaging technology based on NQO1 expression offers promise for guided cancer surgery, and the reagents suggest a theranostic potential for NQO1-targeted chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kalkunte S. Srivenugopal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1406 Amarillo Research Bldg., Rm. 1102, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA; (A.E.M.A.K.); (V.A.)
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Gao XY, Li XY, Zhang CY, Bai CY. Scopoletin: a review of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1268464. [PMID: 38464713 PMCID: PMC10923241 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1268464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Scopoletin is a coumarin synthesized by diverse medicinal and edible plants, which plays a vital role as a therapeutic and chemopreventive agent in the treatment of a variety of diseases. In this review, an overview of the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of scopoletin is provided. In addition, the prospects and outlook for future studies are appraised. Scopoletin is indicated to have antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammation, anti-angiogenesis, anti-oxidation, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective properties and immunomodulatory effects in both in vitro and in vivo experimental trials. In addition, it is an inhibitor of various enzymes, including choline acetyltransferase, acetylcholinesterase, and monoamine oxidase. Pharmacokinetic studies have demonstrated the low bioavailability, rapid absorption, and extensive metabolism of scopoletin. These properties may be associated with its poor solubility in aqueous media. In addition, toxicity research indicates the non-toxicity of scopoletin to most cell types tested to date, suggesting that scopoletin will neither induce treatment-associated mortality nor abnormal performance with the test dose. Considering its favorable pharmacological activities, scopoletin has the potential to act as a drug candidate in the treatment of cancer, liver disease, diabetes, neurodegenerative disease, and mental disorders. In view of its merits and limitations, scopoletin is a suitable lead compound for the development of new, efficient, and low-toxicity derivatives. Additional studies are needed to explore its molecular mechanisms and targets, verify its toxicity, and promote its oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Gao
- Basic Medicine College, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Human Genetic Disease Research, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
- Key Laboratory of Mechanism and Evaluation of Chinese and Mongolian Pharmacy at Chifeng University, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Xu-Yang Li
- Basic Medicine College, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Human Genetic Disease Research, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Cong-Ying Zhang
- Basic Medicine College, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Human Genetic Disease Research, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
- Key Laboratory of Mechanism and Evaluation of Chinese and Mongolian Pharmacy at Chifeng University, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Chun-Ying Bai
- Basic Medicine College, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Human Genetic Disease Research, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
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Kornicka A, Balewski Ł, Lahutta M, Kokoszka J. Umbelliferone and Its Synthetic Derivatives as Suitable Molecules for the Development of Agents with Biological Activities: A Review of Their Pharmacological and Therapeutic Potential. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1732. [PMID: 38139858 PMCID: PMC10747342 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Umbelliferone (UMB), known as 7-hydroxycoumarin, hydrangine, or skimmetine, is a naturally occurring coumarin in the plant kingdom, mainly from the Umbelliferae family that possesses a wide variety of pharmacological properties. In addition, the use of nanoparticles containing umbelliferone may improve anti-inflammatory or anticancer therapy. Also, its derivatives are endowed with great potential for therapeutic applications due to their broad spectrum of biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, antipsychotic, antiepileptic, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antiviral, and antiproliferative effects. Moreover, 7-hydroxycoumarin ligands have been implemented to develop 7-hydroxycoumarin-based metal complexes with improved pharmacological activity. Besides therapeutic applications, umbelliferone analogues have been designed as fluorescent probes for the detection of biologically important species, such as enzymes, lysosomes, and endosomes, or for monitoring cell processes and protein functions as well various diseases caused by an excess of hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore, 7-hydroxy-based chemosensors may serve as a highly selective tool for Al3+ and Hg2+ detection in biological systems. This review is devoted to a summary of the research on umbelliferone and its synthetic derivatives in terms of biological and pharmaceutical properties, especially those reported in the literature during the period of 2017-2023. Future potential applications of umbelliferone and its synthetic derivatives are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kornicka
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland; (Ł.B.); (M.L.); (J.K.)
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Lin Z, Cheng X, Zheng H. Umbelliferon: a review of its pharmacology, toxicity and pharmacokinetics. Inflammopharmacology 2023:10.1007/s10787-023-01256-3. [PMID: 37308634 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01256-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Coumarin, a plant secondary metabolite, has various pharmacological activities, including antioxidant stress and anti-inflammatory effects. Umbelliferone, a common coumarin compound found in almost all higher plants, has been extensively studied for its pharmacological effects in different disease models and doses with complex action mechanisms. This review aims to summarize these studies and provide useful information to relevant scholars. The pharmacological studies demonstrate that umbelliferone has diverse effects such as anti-diabetes, anti-cancer, anti-infection, anti-rheumatoid arthritis, neuroprotection, and improvement of liver, kidney, and myocardial tissue damage. The action mechanisms of umbelliferone include inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, improvement of insulin resistance, myocardial hypertrophy, and tissue fibrosis, in addition to regulation of blood glucose and lipid metabolism. Among the action mechanisms, the inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation is the most critical. In short, these pharmacological studies disclose that umbelliferone is expected to treat many diseases, and more research should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Lin
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Cheng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Antika L, Meilawati L, Dewi R, Tasfiyati A, Septama A. Scopoletin: Anticancer potential and mechanism of action. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2023. [DOI: 10.4103/2221-1691.367685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Parama D, Girisa S, Khatoon E, Kumar A, Alqahtani MS, Abbas M, Sethi G, Kunnumakkara AB. An Overview of the Pharmacological Activities of Scopoletin against Different Chronic Diseases. Pharmacol Res 2022; 179:106202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Kaewmeesri P, Pocasap P, Kukongviriyapan V, Prawan A, Kongpetch S, Senggunprai L. Anti-metastatic Potential of Natural Triterpenoid Cucurbitacin B Against Cholangiocarcinoma Cells by Targeting Src Protein. Integr Cancer Ther 2022; 21:15347354221124861. [PMID: 36154723 PMCID: PMC9520142 DOI: 10.1177/15347354221124861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the crucial role of Src in cancer metastasis, interruption of Src and its signaling has been considered a promising strategy for cancer metastasis treatment. Cucurbitacin B, a dietary triterpenoid, has been shown to possess anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing activities in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cells via suppressing the activation of FAK which is a main downstream Src effector. We hypothesized that cucurbitacin B might act as a Src suppressant which conferring anti-metastasis effect against CCA cells. To investigate this, the role of Src in regulating metastasis behavior of CCA cells and the effect of cucurbitacin B on Src-mediated metastatic phenotype of these cells were determined. The results showed that activation of Src significantly enhanced the migratory and invasive abilities of CCA cells. Molecular analysis revealed that Src-facilitated metastasis behavior of CCA cells occurred by modifying expression of a wide range of metastasis-related genes in the cells. Consistent with gene expression results, activation of Src significantly induced the protein expression of 2 important metastasis-associated molecules, MMP-9 and VEGF. Cucurbitacin B markedly suppressed activation of Src and its key effector, FAK. As a consequence, the alteration of expression profiles of metastasis-associated genes induced by Src activator in CCA cells was diminished by cucurbitacin B treatment. The compound also down-regulated Src-induced expression of MMP-9 and VEGF proteins in the cells. Moreover, molecular docking analysis revealed that cucurbitacin B could interact with Src kinase domain and possibly restrain the kinase from being activated by hindering the ATP binding. In conclusion, cucurbitacin B exhibited anti-metastatic property in CCA cells via negatively influencing Src and Src-related oncogenic signaling. This compound may therefore be a potential therapeutic drug for further development as an anti-Src agent for treatment of metastatic CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putthaporn Kaewmeesri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Piman Pocasap
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Veerapol Kukongviriyapan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Auemduan Prawan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sarinya Kongpetch
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Laddawan Senggunprai
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Jiang R, Su G, Chen X, Chen S, Li Q, Xie B, Zhao Y. Esculetin inhibits endometrial cancer proliferation and promotes apoptosis via hnRNPA1 to downregulate BCLXL and XIAP. Cancer Lett 2021; 521:308-321. [PMID: 34480971 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer represents one of the most common gynecological tumors in the world. Advanced and relapsed patients rely on drug therapy. Therefore, it is extremely important to seek more effective targeted drugs. This study found that esculetin has an anti-tumor effect on endometrial cancer through cellular proliferation and apoptosis. At the same time, its anti-tumor effect has also been verified in human endometrial cancer xenograft models in nude mice. Western blot results showed that BCLXL, XIAP, and pAKT protein expression level were down-regulated. A pulldown experiment and LC-MS/MS analysis technology revealed that esculetin targets the hnRNPA1 protein. Cellular proliferation experiments following si-hnRNPA1 transfection verified the tumor-promoting effect of hnRNPA1 in endometrial cancer cells. Nuclear and cytoplasmic separation experiment demonstrated esculetin affecting the export of the hnRNPA1/mRNA complex from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. Thus, esculetin targets hnRNPA1, thereby downregulates BCLXL and XIAP mRNA transcription and translation, resulting in apoptosis and an arrest in proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqi Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gynecologic Oncology Research Office, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
| | - Guifeng Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gynecologic Oncology Research Office, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gynecologic Oncology Research Office, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gynecologic Oncology Research Office, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
| | - Qianhui Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gynecologic Oncology Research Office, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
| | - Bumin Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gynecologic Oncology Research Office, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gynecologic Oncology Research Office, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
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Boudreau A, Richard AJ, Harvey I, Stephens JM. Artemisia scoparia and Metabolic Health: Untapped Potential of an Ancient Remedy for Modern Use. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:727061. [PMID: 35211087 PMCID: PMC8861327 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.727061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Botanicals have a long history of medicinal use for a multitude of ailments, and many modern pharmaceuticals were originally isolated from plants or derived from phytochemicals. Among these, artemisinin, first isolated from Artemisia annua, is the foundation for standard anti-malarial therapies. Plants of the genus Artemisia are among the most common herbal remedies across Asia and Central Europe. The species Artemisia scoparia (SCOPA) is widely used in traditional folk medicine for various liver diseases and inflammatory conditions, as well as for infections, fever, pain, cancer, and diabetes. Modern in vivo and in vitro studies have now investigated SCOPA's effects on these pathologies and its ability to mitigate hepatotoxicity, oxidative stress, obesity, diabetes, and other disease states. This review focuses on the effects of SCOPA that are particularly relevant to metabolic health. Indeed, in recent years, an ethanolic extract of SCOPA has been shown to enhance differentiation of cultured adipocytes and to share some properties of thiazolidinediones (TZDs), a class of insulin-sensitizing agonists of the adipogenic transcription factor PPARγ. In a mouse model of diet-induced obesity, SCOPA diet supplementation lowered fasting insulin and glucose levels, while inducing metabolically favorable changes in adipose tissue and liver. These observations are consistent with many lines of evidence from various tissues and cell types known to contribute to metabolic homeostasis, including immune cells, hepatocytes, and pancreatic beta-cells. Compounds belonging to several classes of phytochemicals have been implicated in these effects, and we provide an overview of these bioactives. The ongoing global epidemics of obesity and metabolic disease clearly require novel therapeutic approaches. While the mechanisms involved in SCOPA's effects on metabolic, anti-inflammatory, and oxidative stress pathways are not fully characterized, current data support further investigation of this plant and its bioactives as potential therapeutic agents in obesity-related metabolic dysfunction and many other conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anik Boudreau
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Allison J. Richard
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Innocence Harvey
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Jacqueline M. Stephens
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- *Correspondence: Jacqueline M. Stephens,
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Wu Y, Xu J, Liu Y, Zeng Y, Wu G. A Review on Anti-Tumor Mechanisms of Coumarins. Front Oncol 2020; 10:592853. [PMID: 33344242 PMCID: PMC7746827 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.592853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coumarins are a class of compound with benzopyrone as their basic structure. Due to abundant sources, easy synthesis, and various pharmacological activities, coumarins have attracted extensive attention from researchers. In particular, coumarins have very significant anti-tumor abilities and a variety of anti-tumor mechanisms, including inhibition of carbonic anhydrase, targeting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways, inducing cell apoptosis protein activation, inhibition of tumor multidrug resistance, inhibition of microtubule polymerization, regulating the reactive oxygen species, and inhibition of tumor angiogenesis, etc. This review focuses on the mechanisms and the research progress of coumarins against cancers in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wu
- School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Xu
- School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiting Liu
- School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiyu Zeng
- School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guojun Wu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Pandey P, Avula B, Khan IA, Khan SI, Navarro VJ, Doerksen RJ, Chittiboyina AG. Potential Modulation of Human NAD[P]H-Quinone Oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) by EGCG and Its Metabolites-A Systematic Computational Study. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:2749-2764. [PMID: 32975120 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
At high doses, green tea extracts and green tea's major active constituent, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), despite their generally perceived health benefits, have been suspected to cause hepatotoxicity in certain human populations. It has been reported that o-quinone metabolites of gallic acid or EGCG are causative agents for this hepatotoxicity. However, no experimental information is available at the molecular level on the possible role of NQO1 in the detoxification of EGCG and its metabolites, including reactive intermediates. In the present study, we investigated the possibility of NQO1 inhibition by EGCG and its metabolites by studying their interaction profiles and binding mechanism at the active site of NQO1 using molecular docking, binding free energy calculations, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The binding free energy calculations showed that some metabolites exhibited strong predicted binding affinity and found that the binding orientation of the EGCG metabolites overlapped with that of dicoumarol found in an NQO1 X-ray crystal structure. The results suggest that these metabolites may act as strong NQO1 inhibitors, highlighting the need for experimental validation of this with appropriate biological methods. The Prime MM-GBSA computed average binding free energies after MD simulations of compounds 1, 2, 24, 31, and 33 revealed that these compounds highly favored van der Waals (VdW) and Coulombic interactions with NQO1. In addition, the MD results revealed that selected EGCG metabolites formed a stable and strong complex with NQO1, with amino acids W105, Y126, Y128, H161, F178, H194, F232, and F236 being critical for potential NQO1 binding. The current results together with experimental data as well as studies of the polymorphisms of NQO1 (especially C609T) may explain the observed idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity caused by the consumption of green tea and its constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Victor J Navarro
- Division of Hepatology, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19141, United States
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Nagaraju GP, Farran B, Farren M, Chalikonda G, Wu C, Lesinski GB, El-Rayes BF. Napabucasin (BBI 608), a potent chemoradiosensitizer in rectal cancer. Cancer 2020; 126:3360-3371. [PMID: 32383803 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) represents a viable strategy for enhancing the activity of radiotherapy. The authors hypothesized that napabucasin would increase ROS via its ability to inhibit NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 and potentiate the response to chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer via distinct mechanisms. METHOD Proliferation studies, colony formation assays, and ROS levels were measured in HCT116 and HT29 cell lines treated with napabucasin, chemoradiation, or their combination. DNA damage (pγH2AX), activation of STAT, and downstream angiogenesis were evaluated in both untreated and treated cell lines. Finally, the effects of napabucasin, chemoradiotherapy, and their combination were assessed in vivo with subcutaneous mouse xenograft models. RESULTS Napabucasin significantly potentiated the growth inhibition of chemoradiation in both cell lines. Napabucasin increased ROS generation. Inhibition of ROS by N-acetylcysteine decreased the growth inhibitory effect of napabucasin alone and in combination with chemoradiotherapy. Napabucasin significantly increased pγH2AX in comparison with chemoradiotherapy alone. Napabucasin reduced the levels of pSTAT3 and VEGF and inhibited angiogenesis through an ROS-mediated effect. Napabucasin significantly potentiated the inhibition of growth and blood vessel formation by chemoradiotherapy in mouse xenografts. CONCLUSION Napabucasin is a radiosensitizer with a novel mechanism of action: increasing ROS production and inhibiting angiogenesis. Clinical trials testing the addition of napabucasin to chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Batoul Farran
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Matthew Farren
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Gayathri Chalikonda
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Christina Wu
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Gregory B Lesinski
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Bassel F El-Rayes
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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