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DeWeerdt S. Could rats and dogs detect disease better than the finest lab equipment? Nature 2024:10.1038/d41586-024-01751-9. [PMID: 38898249 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-01751-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
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Shcherban IV, Fedotova VS, Matukhno AE, Shepelev IE, Shcherban OG, Lysenko LV. A method for detecting spatiotemporal patterns of cancer biomarkers-evoked activity using radial basis function network extracted time-domain features from calcium imaging data. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 405:110097. [PMID: 38408525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two-photon calcium imaging is widely used to study the odor-evoked glomerular activity in the dorsal olfactory bulb of macrosmatic animals. The nonstationary character of activated patterns sets a limit on the use of a traditional image processing approaches. NEW METHOD The developed method makes it possible to automatically map cancer biomarkers-activated glomeruli in the rat dorsal olfactory bulb. We interpolated fluorescence intensity of calcium dynamics based on the Gaussian RBF network and synthesized the physiological fluorescence model of the receptive glomerular field. RESULTS The experiments on 5 rats confirmed the correctness of the developed approach. Patterns evoked by the 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (stomach cancer biomarker) and benzene (lung cancer biomarker) were correctly identified. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS The proposed method was compared with the nonnegative matrix factorization method and with the method based on computer vision algorithms. The developed approach showed better accuracy in experiments and provided the mathematical models of the odor-evoked patterns synthesis. These models can be used to generate synthetic images of odor-evoked glomerular activity and thus to overcome the problem of small experimental data collected in calcium imaging. CONCLUSIONS The proposed method should be considered part of the toolkit for fully automatic analysis of calcium imaging-based studies. Currently available methodology is not able to use breath biomarkers to reliably discriminate between cancer patients and healthy controls. Nevertheless, the effective identification of the spatial patterns of cancer biomarkers-evoked glomerular activity can serve as the foundation for highly sensitive biohybrid systems for cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor V Shcherban
- Southern Federal University (SFedU), Research Center for Neurotechnology, 105/42 Bolshaya Sadovaya Str., Rostov-on-Don 344006, the Russian Federation.
| | - Victoria S Fedotova
- Southern Federal University (SFedU), Research Center for Neurotechnology, 105/42 Bolshaya Sadovaya Str., Rostov-on-Don 344006, the Russian Federation
| | - Aleksey E Matukhno
- Southern Federal University (SFedU), Research Center for Neurotechnology, 105/42 Bolshaya Sadovaya Str., Rostov-on-Don 344006, the Russian Federation
| | - Igor E Shepelev
- Southern Federal University (SFedU), Research Center for Neurotechnology, 105/42 Bolshaya Sadovaya Str., Rostov-on-Don 344006, the Russian Federation
| | - Oxana G Shcherban
- Southern Federal University (SFedU), Research Center for Neurotechnology, 105/42 Bolshaya Sadovaya Str., Rostov-on-Don 344006, the Russian Federation
| | - Larisa V Lysenko
- Southern Federal University (SFedU), Research Center for Neurotechnology, 105/42 Bolshaya Sadovaya Str., Rostov-on-Don 344006, the Russian Federation
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Chatzilakou E, Hu Y, Jiang N, Yetisen AK. Biosensors for melanoma skin cancer diagnostics. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 250:116045. [PMID: 38301546 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Skin cancer is a critical global public health concern, with melanoma being the deadliest variant, correlated to 80% of skin cancer-related deaths and a remarkable propensity to metastasize. Despite notable progress in skin cancer prevention and diagnosis, the limitations of existing methods accentuate the demand for precise diagnostic tools. Biosensors have emerged as valuable clinical tools, enabling rapid and reliable point-of-care (POC) testing of skin cancer. This review offers insights into skin cancer development, highlights essential cutaneous melanoma biomarkers, and assesses the current landscape of biosensing technologies for diagnosis. The comprehensive analysis in this review underscores the transformative potential of biosensors in revolutionizing melanoma skin cancer diagnosis, emphasizing their critical role in advancing patient outcomes and healthcare efficiency. The increasing availability of these approaches supports direct diagnosis and aims to reduce the reliance on biopsies, enhancing POC diagnosis. Recent advancements in biosensors for skin cancer diagnosis hold great promise, with their integration into healthcare expected to enhance early detection accuracy and reliability, thereby mitigating socioeconomic disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Chatzilakou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK
| | - Yubing Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK.
| | - Nan Jiang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; JinFeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China.
| | - Ali K Yetisen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK.
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Ramos MT, Chang G, Wilson C, Gilbertie J, Krieg J, Parvizi J, Chen AF, Otto CM, Schaer TP. Dogs can detect an odor profile associated with Staphylococcus aureus biofilms in cultures and biological samples. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2024; 5:1275397. [PMID: 38414670 PMCID: PMC10896932 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2024.1275397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The study investigated the utilization of odor detection dogs to identify the odor profile of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) biofilms in pure in vitro samples and in in vivo biosamples from animals and humans with S. aureus periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Biofilms form when bacterial communities aggregate on orthopedic implants leading to recalcitrant infections that are difficult to treat. Identifying PJI biofilm infections is challenging, and traditional microbiological cultures may yield negative results even in the presence of clinical signs. Methods Dogs were trained on pure in vitro S. aureus biofilms and tested on lacrimal fluid samples from an in vivo animal model (rabbits) and human patients with confirmed S. aureus PJI. Results The results demonstrated that dogs achieved a high degree of sensitivity and specificity in detecting the odor profile associated with S. aureus biofilms in rabbit samples. Preliminary results suggest that dogs can recognize S. aureus volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in human lacrimal fluid samples. Discussion Training odor detection dogs on in vitro S. aureus, may provide an alternative to obtaining clinical samples for training and mitigates biosecurity hazards. The findings hold promise for culture-independent diagnostics, enabling early disease detection, and improved antimicrobial stewardship. In conclusion, this research demonstrates that dogs trained on in vitro S. aureus samples can identify the consistent VOC profile of PJI S. aureus biofilm infections. The study opens avenues for further investigations into a retained VOC profile of S. aureus biofilm infection. These advancements could revolutionize infectious disease diagnosis and treatment, leading to better patient outcomes and addressing the global challenge of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan T Ramos
- Penn Vet Working Dog Center, Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Gerard Chang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Clara Wilson
- Penn Vet Working Dog Center, Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jessica Gilbertie
- Center for One Health Research Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - James Krieg
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Javad Parvizi
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Antonia F Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cynthia M Otto
- Penn Vet Working Dog Center, Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Thomas P Schaer
- Department of Clinical Studies New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, United States
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Belaid I, Baya MF, Ben Ayed S, Ben Ayed A, Maatoug J, Zommit N, Trabelsi MA, Ben Chida N, Khairi H, Ben Fatma L, Chabchoub I, Ammar N, Bourigua R, Hochlaf M, Ezzaari F, Ben Ahmed S. Transcutaneous canine breast cancer detection in Tunisia: a pilot study. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:151. [PMID: 38291377 PMCID: PMC10826062 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11599-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer in Tunisia is often diagnosed at a late stage with long delay in time to consultation and to diagnosis.The aim of this study is to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of the transcutaneous breast cancer detection by canine olfactionin Tunisian women and to identify the potential confounding factors. METHODS This is a diagnostic case control study that took place from October 2021 to November 2022 in the Department of Medical Oncology at the University Hospital Farhat Hached of Sousse and in the security and training dog center located in Sousse (K9 Dog Center Security & Training). A two-year-old male Belgian Malinois was trained to detect breast cancer on skin secretion samples in compresses that had been worn overnight by women on their breast and then a double-blind testing was performed. There was no contact between women and the dog. From the mentioned responses of the dog, four parameters were calculated: sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and Negative Predictive Value (NPV). RESULTS Two hundred women were included in this trial: 100 breast cancer (BC) patients recruited from Farhat Hached University Hospital of Sousse and 100 healthy volunteers (HV).The calculated sensitivity was 84% (95% CI 78-89%) and the calculated specificity was 81% (95% CI 75-86%). The calculated predictive values were: PPV = 83,51% (95% CI 78,37-88,65%) and NPV = 81,55% (95% CI 76.17-86.93%). In the multivariate study, only four confounding factors of test's sensitivity were retained: age (OR = 1.210 [95% CI = 1.085-1.349]; p = 0.001), history of diabetes(OR = 0.017 [95% CI = 0.001-0.228]; p = 0.002), sampling at hospital (OR = 0.010 [95% CI = 0.003-0.464]; p = 0.010) and testing during chemotherapy courses (OR = 0.034 [95% CI = 0.003-0.404]; p = 0.007).For test's specificity, we retained the three following confounding factors: age (OR = 1,104 [95% CI = 1.021-1.195]; p = 0.014), history of benign mastopathy (OR = 0.243 [95% CI = 0.074-0.805]; p = 0.021)and history of arterial hypertension (OR = 0.194 [95% CI = 0.053-0.707]; p = 0.013). CONCLUSION This is a pilot study that opens new avenues in developing a reliable cancer diagnostic tool that integrates the dog's olfactory ability to detect breast cancer using a transcutaneous sampling method. It could be a pre-test to select patients who are eligible to a screening mammogram, especially in low-income countries where there is no national mammography screening program. PACTR. ORG IDENTIFIER PACTR202201864472288, registration date 11/01/2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imtinene Belaid
- Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology, Association de Recherche et d'Information sur le Cancer du Centre Tunisien (ARIC), Université de Sousse, 4000, Sousse, Tunisia.
| | - Mohamed Fedy Baya
- Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology, Association de Recherche et d'Information sur le Cancer du Centre Tunisien (ARIC), Université de Sousse, 4000, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Saif Ben Ayed
- K9 Dog Security and Training Center, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Ali Ben Ayed
- K9 Dog Security and Training Center, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Jihen Maatoug
- Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Department of Epidemiology, Université de Sousse, 4000, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Nawel Zommit
- Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Department of Epidemiology, Université de Sousse, 4000, Sousse, Tunisia
| | | | - Noureddine Ben Chida
- National School of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hedi Khairi
- Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Department of Gynecology, Université de Sousse, 4000, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Leila Ben Fatma
- Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology, Association de Recherche et d'Information sur le Cancer du Centre Tunisien (ARIC), Université de Sousse, 4000, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Imene Chabchoub
- Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology, Association de Recherche et d'Information sur le Cancer du Centre Tunisien (ARIC), Université de Sousse, 4000, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Nouha Ammar
- Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology, Association de Recherche et d'Information sur le Cancer du Centre Tunisien (ARIC), Université de Sousse, 4000, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Rym Bourigua
- Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology, Association de Recherche et d'Information sur le Cancer du Centre Tunisien (ARIC), Université de Sousse, 4000, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Makrem Hochlaf
- Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology, Association de Recherche et d'Information sur le Cancer du Centre Tunisien (ARIC), Université de Sousse, 4000, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Faten Ezzaari
- Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology, Association de Recherche et d'Information sur le Cancer du Centre Tunisien (ARIC), Université de Sousse, 4000, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Slim Ben Ahmed
- Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology, Association de Recherche et d'Information sur le Cancer du Centre Tunisien (ARIC), Université de Sousse, 4000, Sousse, Tunisia
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Maidodou L, Clarot I, Leemans M, Fromantin I, Marchioni E, Steyer D. Unraveling the potential of breath and sweat VOC capture devices for human disease detection: a systematic-like review of canine olfaction and GC-MS analysis. Front Chem 2023; 11:1282450. [PMID: 38025078 PMCID: PMC10646374 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1282450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of disease screening methods using biomedical detection dogs relies on the collection and analysis of body odors, particularly volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in body fluids. To capture and analyze odors produced by the human body, numerous protocols and materials are used in forensics or medical studies. This paper provides an overview of sampling devices used to collect VOCs from sweat and exhaled air, for medical diagnostic purposes using canine olfaction and/or Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Canine olfaction and GC-MS are regarded as complementary tools, holding immense promise for detecting cancers and infectious diseases. However, existing literature lacks guidelines for selecting materials suitable for both canine olfaction and GC-MS. Hence, this review aims to address this gap and pave the way for efficient body odor sampling materials. The first section of the paper describes the materials utilized in training sniffing dogs, while the second section delves into the details of sampling devices and extraction techniques employed for exhaled air and sweat analysis using GC-MS. Finally, the paper proposes the development of an ideal sampling device tailored for detection purposes in the field of odorology. By bridging the knowledge gap, this study seeks to advance disease detection methodologies, harnessing the unique abilities of both dogs and GC-MS analysis in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Maidodou
- Twistaroma, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
- CITHEFOR, EA 3452, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
- DSA, IPHC UMR7178, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Igor Clarot
- CITHEFOR, EA 3452, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Michelle Leemans
- Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing, IMRB—Paris Est Créteil University /Inserm U955, Créteil, France
| | - Isabelle Fromantin
- Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing, IMRB—Paris Est Créteil University /Inserm U955, Créteil, France
- Wound Care and Research Unit, Curie Institute, Paris, France
| | - Eric Marchioni
- DSA, IPHC UMR7178, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Grizzi F, Bax C, Hegazi MAAA, Lotesoriere BJ, Zanoni M, Vota P, Hurle RF, Buffi NM, Lazzeri M, Tidu L, Capelli L, Taverna G. Early Detection of Prostate Cancer: The Role of Scent. CHEMOSENSORS 2023; 11:356. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors11070356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) represents the cause of the second highest number of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and its clinical presentation can range from slow-growing to rapidly spreading metastatic disease. As the characteristics of most cases of PCa remains incompletely understood, it is crucial to identify new biomarkers that can aid in early detection. Despite the prostate-specific antigen serum (PSA) levels, prostate biopsy, and imaging representing the actual gold-standard for diagnosing PCa, analyzing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has emerged as a promising new frontier. We and other authors have reported that highly trained dogs can recognize specific VOCs associated with PCa with high accuracy. However, using dogs in clinical practice has several limitations. To exploit the potential of VOCs, an electronic nose (eNose) that mimics the dog olfactory system and can potentially be used in clinical practice was designed. To explore the eNose as an alternative to dogs in diagnosing PCa, we conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of available studies. PRISMA guidelines were used for the identification, screening, eligibility, and selection process. We included six studies that employed trained dogs and found that the pooled diagnostic sensitivity was 0.87 (95% CI 0.86–0.89; I2, 98.6%), the diagnostic specificity was 0.83 (95% CI 0.80–0.85; I2, 98.1%), and the area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (sROC) was 0.64 (standard error, 0.25). We also analyzed five studies that used an eNose to diagnose PCa and found that the pooled diagnostic sensitivity was 0.84 (95% CI, 0.80–0.88; I2, 57.1%), the diagnostic specificity was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.84–0.91; I2, 66%), and the area under the sROC was 0.93 (standard error, 0.03). These pooled results suggest that while highly trained dogs have the potentiality to diagnose PCa, the ability is primarily related to olfactory physiology and training methodology. The adoption of advanced analytical techniques, such as eNose, poses a significant challenge in the field of clinical practice due to their growing effectiveness. Nevertheless, the presence of limitations and the requirement for meticulous study design continue to present challenges when employing eNoses for the diagnosis of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Grizzi
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy
| | - Carmen Bax
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Mohamed A. A. A. Hegazi
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Beatrice Julia Lotesoriere
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Zanoni
- Department of Urology, Humanitas Mater Domini, 21100 Castellanza, Italy
| | - Paolo Vota
- Department of Urology, Humanitas Mater Domini, 21100 Castellanza, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Fausto Hurle
- Department of Urology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicolò Maria Buffi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy
- Department of Urology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Lazzeri
- Department of Urology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Tidu
- Italian Ministry of Defenses, “Vittorio Veneto” Division, 50136 Firenze, Italy
| | - Laura Capelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Taverna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy
- Department of Urology, Humanitas Mater Domini, 21100 Castellanza, Italy
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Leemans M, Cuzuel V, Bauër P, Baba Aissa H, Cournelle G, Baelde A, Thuleau A, Cognon G, Pouget N, Guillot E, Fromantin I, Audureau E. Screening of Breast Cancer from Sweat Samples Analyzed by 2-Dimensional Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry: A Preliminary Study. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15112939. [PMID: 37296901 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) remains one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies in women. There is increasing interest in the development of non-invasive screening methods. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted through the metabolism of cancer cells are possible novel cancer biomarkers. This study aims to identify the existence of BC-specific VOCs in the sweat of BC patients. Sweat samples from the breast and hand area were collected from 21 BC participants before and after breast tumor ablation. Thermal desorption coupled with two-dimensional gas chromatography and mass spectrometry was used to analyze VOCs. A total of 761 volatiles from a homemade human odor library were screened on each chromatogram. From those 761 VOCs, a minimum of 77 VOCs were detected within the BC samples. Principal component analysis showed that VOCs differ between the pre- and post-surgery status of the BC patients. The Tree-based Pipeline Optimization Tool identified logistic regression as the best-performing machine learning model. Logistic regression modeling identified VOCs that distinguish the pre-and post-surgery state in BC patients on both the breast and hand area with sensitivities close to 1. Further, Shapley additive explanations and the probe variable method identified the most important and pertinent VOCs distinguishing pre- and post-operative status which are mostly of distinct origin for the hand and breast region. Results suggest the possibility to identify endogenous metabolites linked to BC, hence proposing this innovative pipeline as a stepstone to discovering potential BC biomarkers. Large-scale studies in a multi-centered VOC analysis setting must be carried out to validate obtained findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Leemans
- Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing Unit, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Paris-Est University, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Vincent Cuzuel
- Forensic Institute of the French Gendarmerie, Caserne Lange, 5 Boulevard de l'Hautil, Cedex, 95001 Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | - Pierre Bauër
- Wound Care and Research Unit 26, Curie Institute, Rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Hind Baba Aissa
- Wound Care and Research Unit 26, Curie Institute, Rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Gabriel Cournelle
- Baelde & Cournelle Analytics, 130 Allée Reysa Bernson, 59800 Lille, France
| | - Aurélien Baelde
- Baelde & Cournelle Analytics, 130 Allée Reysa Bernson, 59800 Lille, France
| | - Aurélie Thuleau
- Wound Care and Research Unit 26, Curie Institute, Rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Cognon
- Forensic Institute of the French Gendarmerie, Caserne Lange, 5 Boulevard de l'Hautil, Cedex, 95001 Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | - Nicolas Pouget
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Curie Institute, 35 Rue Dailly, 92210 Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Eugénie Guillot
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Curie Institute, 35 Rue Dailly, 92210 Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Isabelle Fromantin
- Wound Care and Research Unit 26, Curie Institute, Rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Etienne Audureau
- Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing Unit, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Paris-Est University, 94010 Créteil, France
- Public Health Department, Henri-Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, 94010 Créteil, France
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