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Caglevic C, Silva S, Mahave M, Torres J, Rolfo C, Gallardo J, Carrasco P. Hepatocellular carcinoma in identical twins in Chile: case report. Ecancermedicalscience 2016; 10:708. [PMID: 28105079 PMCID: PMC5221639 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2016.708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) being the most common type of primary malignant liver tumour, with a typically poor prognosis, growing incidence and a well-documented relationship with chronic inflammation factors of the liver tissue. Despite the fact that family medical history has been identified as a risk factor for the development of HCC, its significance in terms of etiopathogenesis and prognosis is not well documented. With a view to contributing to this discussion, we will report the clinical case of two identical twins with HCC, both diagnosed within a short period of time, by providing relevant clinical data, and relating this to other medical literature reports that could contribute to a deeper understanding of this illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Caglevic
- Unit of Investigational Cancer Drugs, Instituto Oncologico Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Santiago, Chile; Instituto Oncològico Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Rancagua 878, Providencia Santiago, Chile
| | - Shirley Silva
- Radiation Oncology, University of Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile; Instituto Oncològico Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Rancagua 878, Providencia Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Mahave
- Unit of Investigational Cancer Drugs, Instituto Oncologico Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Santiago, Chile; Instituto Oncològico Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Rancagua 878, Providencia Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera Torres
- Anatomical Pathology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Instituto Oncològico Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Rancagua 878, Providencia Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian Rolfo
- Early Drug Development Unit-Phase 1 Studies, University Hospital of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Instituto Oncològico Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Rancagua 878, Providencia Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Gallardo
- Oncólogo Médico Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Instituto Oncològico Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Rancagua 878, Providencia Santiago, Chile
| | - Paula Carrasco
- Radiation Oncology, Clínica Alemana, Temuco, Chile; Instituto Oncològico Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Rancagua 878, Providencia Santiago, Chile
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Zhao HY, Liu S, He J, Pan CC, Li H, Zhou ZY, Ding Y, Huo D, Hu Y. Synthesis and application of strawberry-like Fe3O4-Au nanoparticles as CT-MR dual-modality contrast agents in accurate detection of the progressive liver disease. Biomaterials 2015; 51:194-207. [PMID: 25771010 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Development of non-invasive assay for the accurate diagnosis of progressive liver diseases (e.g., fatty liver and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)) is of great clinical significance and remains to be a big challenge. Herein, we reported the synthesis of strawberry-like Fe3O4-Au hybrid nanoparticles at room temperature that simultaneously exhibited fluorescence, enhanced X-ray attenuation, and magnetic properties. The results of in vitro fluorescence assay showed that the nanoparticles had significant photo-stability and could avoid the endosome degradation in cells. The in vivo imaging of normal mice demonstrated that the Fe3O4-Au nanoparticles provided 34.61-fold contrast enhancement under magnetic resonance (MR) guidance 15 min post the administration. Computed tomography (CT) measurements showed that the highest Hounsfield Unit (HU) was 174 at 30 min post the injection of Fe3O4-Au nanoparticles. In vivo performance of the Fe3O4-Au nanoparticles was further evaluated in rat models bearing three different liver diseases. For the fatty liver model, nearly homogeneous contrast enhancement was observed under both MR (highest contrast ratio 47.33) and CT (from 19 HU to 72 HU) guidances without the occurrences of focal nodules or dysfunction. For the cirrhotic liver and HCC, pronounced enhancement under MR and CT guidance could be seen in liver parenchyma with highlighted lesions after Fe3O4-Au injection. Furthermore, pathological, hematological and biochemical analysis revealed the absence of acute and chronic toxicity, confirming the biocompatibility of our platform for in vivo applications. Collectively, These Fe3O4-Au nanoparticles showed great promise as a candidate for multi-modality bio-imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Y Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, 210093, PR China; Institute of Materials Engineering, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, 210093, PR China
| | - Sen Liu
- Institute of Materials Engineering, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, 210093, PR China
| | - Jian He
- Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, 210093, PR China
| | - Chao C Pan
- Institute of Materials Engineering, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, 210093, PR China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, 210093, PR China
| | - Zheng Y Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, 210093, PR China
| | - Yin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, 210093, PR China.
| | - Da Huo
- Institute of Materials Engineering, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, 210093, PR China.
| | - Yong Hu
- Institute of Materials Engineering, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, 210093, PR China.
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Milella M, Falcone I, Conciatori F, Cesta Incani U, Del Curatolo A, Inzerilli N, Nuzzo CMA, Vaccaro V, Vari S, Cognetti F, Ciuffreda L. PTEN: Multiple Functions in Human Malignant Tumors. Front Oncol 2015; 5:24. [PMID: 25763354 PMCID: PMC4329810 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PTEN is the most important negative regulator of the PI3K signaling pathway. In addition to its canonical, PI3K inhibition-dependent functions, PTEN can also function as a tumor suppressor in a PI3K-independent manner. Indeed, the PTEN network regulates a broad spectrum of biological functions, modulating the flow of information from membrane-bound growth factor receptors to nuclear transcription factors, occurring in concert with other tumor suppressors and oncogenic signaling pathways. PTEN acts through its lipid and protein phosphatase activity and other non-enzymatic mechanisms. Studies conducted over the past 10 years have expanded our understanding of the biological role of PTEN, showing that in addition to its ability to regulate proliferation and cell survival, it also plays an intriguing role in regulating genomic stability, cell migration, stem cell self-renewal, and tumor microenvironment. Changes in PTEN protein levels, location, and enzymatic activity through various molecular mechanisms can generate a continuum of functional PTEN levels in inherited syndromes, sporadic cancers, and other diseases. PTEN activity can indeed, be modulated by mutations, epigenetic silencing, transcriptional repression, aberrant protein localization, and post-translational modifications. This review will discuss our current understanding of the biological role of PTEN, how PTEN expression and activity are regulated, and the consequences of PTEN dysregulation in human malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Milella
- Division of Medical Oncology A, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - Italia Falcone
- Division of Medical Oncology A, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - Fabiana Conciatori
- Division of Medical Oncology A, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - Ursula Cesta Incani
- Division of Medical Oncology A, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - Anais Del Curatolo
- Division of Medical Oncology A, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - Nicola Inzerilli
- Division of Medical Oncology A, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - Carmen M A Nuzzo
- Division of Medical Oncology A, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - Vanja Vaccaro
- Division of Medical Oncology A, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - Sabrina Vari
- Division of Medical Oncology A, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - Francesco Cognetti
- Division of Medical Oncology A, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - Ludovica Ciuffreda
- Division of Medical Oncology A, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
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